1. Who wrote "The Ming Dynasty"
It was written by Liu Heping.
He is also the author of "Emperor Kangxi" and "Yongzheng Dynasty". The following are reference materials "(When creating "The Ming Dynasty 1566") I dictated and my assistant transcribed.
At this time Liu Heping no longer existed, and the state of 'creating something out of nothing' in Taoist thought appeared. Close your eyes , I am "nothing", and the characters are "possessed" one by one, so the "something" in the work is produced. "——Liu Heping Liu Heping, whose ancestral home is Shaodong, Hunan, grew up in Hengyang, Hunan. He was born in the 1950s and considers himself to be the last. A generation of Han people.
He dropped out of school at a young age and studied with his father. He has compiled plays such as "Jiashen Festival", "Yongzheng Dynasty", "A Hundred Years in the Sea", etc., and is a national first-level screenwriter.
He was able to read history between the lines and was hired as *** professor of history at Nankai University. With the popularity of the TV series "Ming Dynasty 1566" this month, its TV novel of the same name has also been published by People's Literature Publishing House. Our reporter recently interviewed Liu Heping, the author of the book, chief producer of the TV series, and screenwriter.
When talking about his creative ideals, book writing and shooting process, Liu Heping’s worldly spirit of “helping the world” and the unique “support” of people from Hunan , the principle of "forbearance" left a deep impression on the reporter. But as the interview progressed, the reporter felt more and more that he was actually a person deeply influenced by Lao Tzu, from his writing philosophy to his attitude towards life.
This influence made his creations successful, and also made him think that life is dull and boring, and there is no nostalgia. "The biggest trouble for people is that I am pregnant." Now he eats vegetables and drinks water, and lives like a monk. "Practice with the physical body." On the process of writing the book: "I have been preparing for it all my life." Reporter: Although the book "The Ming Dynasty 1566" is more than 700,000 words long, I heard that you did not draw up a creative outline when writing it? Liu Heping: This book cannot have an outline, so I used a writing method that follows the shape of things. Colleagues jokingly call it "Tai Chi structure."
Let’s start with the celestial phenomena, that is, starting from “Wuji”. The beginning of the book says that it didn’t snow from the entire twelfth lunar month in the 39th year of Jiajing to the 15th day of the first lunar month in the 40th year. Then it talks about “Tai Chi” and Tai Chi. First, the Taiyin is born, and this Taiyin is Jiajing. Since only the Taiyin is active, the situation is chaotic at the beginning. Then the cathode and the yang are born, the sun comes out, and Hai Rui is the sun. Jiajing and Hai Rui are the two people who are the engine of the story. Everyone around them is gossip, and they all revolve around the two poles of yin and yang, that is, these two people.
Bagua is constantly changing. How it changes will only be known when it happens, so I dare not and cannot outline it in advance. As I wrote, I sometimes found that the lunar sun and the sun had stopped, meaning that Jiajing and Hai Rui were out of business, but the gossip around them was still swirling, so I had no choice but to write about the people around Jiajing and Hai Rui.
It is actually quite difficult to write like this. First, it must be supported by a large number of detailed descriptions. Second, when writing about each person, his deep psychological mysteries and hidden behavioral motives must be revealed. That’s why I don’t like people asking me “What is this chapter about?” “What is that chapter about?”. Character relationships are all about “you were born in me” and “you are in me.” The same goes for history and life. In this way, there is no completely clear distinction.
Reporter: How long did it take to prepare for writing this book? Liu Heping: Before writing the book, I only made two specific preparations: on the one hand, the preparation of historical materials, and on the other hand, the preparation of "thinking". When creating, throw away "thinking", find out "reason", and use the historical perspective to observe the period of history that you want to express.
The rest is "thinking" and entering the imagination space. I dictated and my assistant typed.
At this time, Liu Heping no longer existed, and the state of "creating something out of nothing" in Taoist thought appeared. When I closed my eyes, I was "nothing", and the characters were "possessed" one by one, and thus came into being The "have" in the work. This is very energy-consuming, and I write almost half of the time by dripping.
From a spiritual perspective, I have personally been preparing for this book for a long, long time. I think I have been preparing for this my whole life.
On the relationship between history and literature: Awareness of worry and "unfamousness" Reporter: As an author of historical novels, how to deal with the relationship between history and literature, fiction and historical facts has always been a thorny issue that cannot be handled well. It’s easy to be criticized. Liu Heping: I feel that in this book, I have achieved "two breakthroughs": a breakthrough in the narrative method of novels under the traditional mode; and a breakthrough in how literary and artistic works with historical themes break through the constraints of so-called historical facts.
Historical research falls on the word "research", or historical research falls on the word "textual research", while literary creation falls on the word "creation". Just imagine a literary and artistic work with a historical theme. If you don't allow it to be created, what kind of situation would that be like? Nowadays, novels, dramas and movies with historical themes are facing a dilemma.
Especially historical dramas are different from novels. In the novel, the author can jump out and speak, and even directly convert some views of the historians into literary language. This solves the so-called "lack of historical authenticity" problem to a large extent.
But dramas and movies with historical themes are different. They require the characters to speak for themselves. In this way, the author of the creation, which we usually call the screenwriter, must respect history when faced with it. When the two requirements of reality and drama are required, it brings about a contradiction that is always difficult to compromise and give in to. In fact, this contradiction was resolved hundreds of years ago.
The most famous is Shakespeare in England. China's "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is a literary work with historical themes, and it also resolves this contradiction very well.
The emergence of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is a breakthrough against the distinction between literature and history, that is, history finally has an independent position in the eyes of literature. It took China hundreds of years to obtain this position. It has been accomplished through the efforts of countless generations. Including the rap art of the Song Dynasty and the opera of the Yuan Dynasty, through various literary and artistic forms in China, the history in the minds of countless people in later generations has been rapped.
It was not until the Ming Dynasty that things came together. First, "Water Margin" appeared, and then "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" appeared, directly impacting official historiography. Today there are some opinions that "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" was a completely orthodox thought at that time, but few people read another meaning from it, that is, the Chinese people of that era deeply missed the last member of the Han nation. The Age of Heroes.
It can be seen that the Han people who lived in the Ming Dynasty had a call from the collective unconscious for the reappearance of the once bright era of Han people. The so-called Han and Jin were just. 2. Why do the Jin Yiwei wear straw sandals?
The Jin Yiwei is in charge of guard affairs, arrests, and prison matters. Whenever there is a court meeting or patrol, there will be a formal guard of honor, and the Han general will lead a retinue of 1,570 people and other attendants. Su Wei then went straight into the army in separate groups. When the sun rises, the moon falls, when the day comes, when the day comes, when the day comes, when the day comes, when the day comes, one wears a flying fish suit, wears an embroidered spring knife, and waits on the left and right. Thieves commit treachery, and the streets are full of ditches. They are hunted secretly and saved in time. Anyone who undertakes the task of recording prisoner inspections in Jingjing will work with the Three Law Departments. The five officers' quarters competed with each other with guns, and the Ministry of War came to watch. There are seven out of ten cases. There are five leading sergeants in the center, left, right, front and back. The five divisions are divided into ten divisions: Luanyu, Qinggai, Fanshou, Jingjie, Banners, Banjian, axe, halberd, bow and arrow, and horse training. Each of them leads the generals and captains to prepare for the law. There are six military posts in the upper middle, upper left, upper right, upper front, upper back, and middle back, which are responsible for generals, warriors, and military craftsmen. The Elephant Taming Center takes care of elephant slaves and raises them for display at court meetings, driving chariots, and carrying treasures.
When worshiping in person in suburban temples or in Sheji, and civil and military officials offer sacrifices to accompany them, they must wear sacrificial robes. In the 26th year of Hongwu's reign, the first to ninth ranks were all dressed in green robes and white gauze singlets, all with soap collars. Chiluoshang, Zaoyuan. Chi Luo covers the knees. Square heart curve collar. Their crowns, belts, and ribbons are different, and they are the same as the court uniforms. He also ordered sacrificial robes for officials and their families. If you are above level 3, go to Fang Xinqu. If you are below the fourth rank, you will also be required to wear a ribbon. In the eighth year of Jiajing's reign, the sacrificial attire of all officials was ordered. The top is Qingluo, Zaoyuan, the same as court clothes. Xia Shang Chi Luo, Zaoyuan, the same as the court dress. The knee coverings, ribbon rings, belts, leather belts, jade pendants, socks and shoes are all the same as those of court clothes. He looks at animals, the sun and the moon, farming and borrowing, and offering sacrifices to the emperors of all dynasties. He wears a single brocade robe and a guard hall official, a red python robe, a flying fish, a black gauze hat, a Luan belt, and an embroidered spring knife. When offering sacrifices to the Imperial Ancestral Temple and Sheji, bright red casual clothes are worn.
In the fourth year of Jingtai, those who commanded the guards were ordered to wear unicorns. (Jiajing 16th year) Jinyiwei commanded, the guards still had unicorn clothes, and their salary was not that of guards, and even though thousands of households were guards, they were not allowed to use it arbitrarily.
Haha, isn’t this the original text? It’s convincing. Let me translate it for you:
That is to say, the Jinyiwei is responsible for guarding the emperor, arresting criminals, and criminal law and prison matters. They are usually led by meritorious nobles, and there are also those who are favored and listed in it. There is no fixed Number of people. Whenever there was a large court meeting or when the emperor inspected various places, he would prepare all kinds of ceremonial guards and lead 1,577 Han generals to accompany him. Normally, he would be on duty when he was guarding the emperor. When the emperor offered sacrifices to heaven, earth, sun and moon, performed plowing ceremonies, and went to the Imperial Ancestral Temple, the royal guards would wear flying fish suits (a kind of uniform given by the emperor to ministers), wear embroidered spring knives, and be on the left and right sides of the emperor. ...
Whenever the emperor personally offered sacrifices to Sheji in suburban temples, civil and military officials had to present the sacrifices, accompany the sacrifices, and wear sacrificial robes... Only the imperial guards wore bright red python robes (compared to Feiyu) It is a high-level uniform given by the emperor to ministers), wearing a flying fish, a black gauze hat, a Luan belt around the waist, and an embroidered spring knife. Wear bright red casual clothes when offering sacrifices to the Ancestral Temple and Sheji.
In the fourth year of Jingtai's reign, the imperial guards ordered the commanders and guards to wear unicorn uniforms (also a kind of uniform given by the emperor to ministers). In the 16th year of Jiajing, the commanders and bodyguards of Jinyiwei could still wear unicorn uniforms, but they were paid with salary instead of bodyguards. In other words, people from thousands or hundreds of households could not wear them even if they were bodyguards. If they wore them, it would be considered trespassing. 3. A classical Chinese poem praising Lady Shexiang
In fact, this is a song sung based on a long local historical legend
During the more than 1,400 years of the rule of the Yi chieftain in "Shuixi", The most outstanding representative is Mrs. Shexiang during the Ming Dynasty.
In the 16th year after the death of Mrs. Shexiang, the Ming Dynasty officially announced the establishment of Guizhou as a province. It should be said that it was Shexiang’s development of Guizhou that directly promoted the Ming Dynasty’s decision to establish Guizhou Province.
Shexiang assessed the situation, focused on national unity, and personally led various ministries and organizations to invest huge manpower and material resources to open up two post roads centered on Pianqiao (now Shibing County): one to the west Shuidong (now northeast of Guiyang) passes through Wusa (now Weining) to Wumeng (now Zhaotong, Yunnan); one goes north through Caotang (now Xiuwen Saping Centipede Bridge), Luguang (now Xiuwen Liuguang), Guli (now Guli in western Guizhou), Shuixi (now Chengguan in western Guizhou), Shexiang (now northwest of Dadu River Bridge in Dafang), Geya (now Xiaogeya in Xiangshui, Dafang), Guihua (now Guihua in Shuangshan, Dafang), Bijie (now Bijie No. 2 Shop) and other Jiuyi.
The connection has enhanced the exchanges between the Han nationality and the fraternal ethnic groups in the southwest, and promoted Guizhou's economic development and social progress.
"Longchang Jiuyi" has become a monument in Shexiang's glorious achievements for the country and the people. ”
Qianxi: The fragrance of luxury remains the same
If this were the end of the 14th century, merchants would have taken the Longchang Nine Posts built by Shexiang to Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou, passing through Qianxi Guli Station.
In this largest station among the nine stations, there is sufficient food and grass, and the hall is bright. The caravan salt team can take a good rest here and set off again the next day...
< p> Through the wide foundation, smooth stone slabs, and thick walls, we can imagine the lively scene more than 600 years ago.On the former site of Guli Station is a farmhouse built in the 1980s. The family named Hu Zhang lives here.
The villagers all know that this was once an ancient post station, which is what the locals call "old terrain".
"Mrs. Shexiang built it back then." We are still walking along the post road. "said the villagers.
In western Guizhou, Mrs. Shexiang has a profound influence: the "West Bridge Broken Snow" in the famous "Eight Ancient Scenic Spots of Shuixi" is related to Shexiang; , the tomb of the ancestor of Shexiang, Mrs. Shejie, is still available for future generations to visit and pay homage to; there are still many stories about Shexiang among the people.
“There are also many records about Shexiang in the historical materials of western Guizhou. " said Chen Wenrong, associate researcher at the Bureau of Culture and Broadcasting of Qianxi County.
Duoni Bridge, the horse farm, the palace...these are the relics of luxury and fragrance left in western Guizhou, and Chen Wenrong cherishes them all.
What is surprising is that, like the Guli Station that has not been repaired or protected, Shexiang has gradually drifted away from Qianxi.
Instead, there is the word "Shuixi": Shuixi Park. , Shuixi Yi Folk Customs Garden, Shuixi Avenue... even the county name is being considered to be changed to Shuixi City
"How can Shuixi culture be separated from Madam Shexiang? "According to Chen Wenrong, the Shuixi Tusi system under the hereditary rule of the Yi people in Dafang has existed in Chinese history for more than 1,400 years. The entire area inhabited by the Yi people in northwest Guizhou, including Qianxi, Zhijin, Nayong, Dafang, etc., are all Dashixi chieftains. Part of it. Madam Shexiang during the Ming Dynasty was the most outstanding representative.
There used to be a statue of Madam Shexiang in Shuixi Park in Qianxi County. Later, Shuixi Park was renovated. The statue was moved away quietly. “The statue was originally placed here. "Although the park has changed a lot, in Shuixi Park, Aunt Liu, who comes here to exercise every day, can still accurately point out the location of the statue. 4. How about the book Ming Dynasty 1566
The language of the full text makes people feel as if they are actually on the scene, with a strong sense of reality. Secondly, this work is based on official history and is artistically exaggerated, so it has a strong sense of history. The author describes the environment at that time and the characters' inner feelings. The description of the activities is very good.
The description of the competition among officials in this book is wonderful! It is my favorite and most talked about, such as the financial meeting of the imperial court. , the life details of the four members of Hai Rui's family are all described very well. Many historical celebrities appear one after another. The era written in this book is the most bizarre and changeable moment of the Jiajing Dynasty. After reading this book, I believe you will. You will have a new understanding of many historical figures, such as Jiajing, Hai Rui, and Yan Song.
To understand the Ming Dynasty and why it collapsed at the end of the Ming Dynasty, we must go back to the middle and late Ming Dynasty. Look at "The Ming Dynasty 1566" 5. What is the translation of the classical Chinese article "Emperor Zhuang Lie first came to power and was determined to rule"
Selected from Ming History: Volume 258, Biographies 100. Forty-six, original text "Emperor Zhuang Lie pointed out that Zhu Youjian, the emperor of Chongzhen, was determined to rule and summoned several ministers to discuss the matter." Translation: Emperor Zhuang Lie. When he first became emperor, he worked hard to govern the country and summoned ministers many times to discuss state affairs. However, the discussions always ended with the emperor scolding him.
1. "History of the Ming Dynasty, Volume 200". Fifty-Eight Biographies Chapter 146" (Excerpt)
When Emperor Zhuang Lie first came to power, he was eager to govern. He summoned several ministers to discuss matters, but they often disagreed and criticized him.
And Wang Yongguang, the chief official, was especially happy. Han Yiliang, a native of Chengcheng, said in the first year of the household registration in Shizhong: "Your Majesty called the right person on the platform, and there was a saying that 'civilians do not love money'. Now where is the place where money is not used? What official is not a person who loves money?" If you use money to get money, you can't pay with money. If you talk about it as an official, the county magistrate is the first to give bribes, and the one who accepts bribes is the most responsible. How much is the salary? The superior supervises to collect it. The passers-by have written documents, the exams are completed, and the pilgrimage fees are thousands of gold. This money does not come from the sky, it does not come from the earth, but I want to keep the order, how can I get it? "The emperor was overjoyed and summoned his courtiers, and ordered Yiliang to read it out." After reading it, Yishu looked at the cabinet ministers and said: "A good man, loyal and loyal can be the censor of the capital." Yongguang asked for instructions to confirm the truth. If a good person does not want to accuse others, he will be ordered to report secretly. I didn't play for five days, but mentioned one or two old stories about Zhou Yingqiu and Yan Mingtai, and their words were quite intrusive to Yongguang. The emperor then summoned Yiliang, Yongguang and the court officials again. He chanted in a circle in front of his hands, and the sound was loud. He said, "This gold did not fall from the sky or come from the earth." He covered his scrolls and sighed. Asked Yiliang: "Who can give me five hundred gold?" Yiliang had nothing to say. If you ask a question, the answer will be as before. The emperor wants a good person to point out the truth, and he will be punished. If a good soldier hears the news and thanks him, he will not be upset. Liu Hongxun, a great scholar, said: "The imperial censor can be given lightly!" He scolded Yiliang for his inconsistency and dismissed him from the post.
2. Translation
When Emperor Zhuang Lie first became emperor, he worked hard to govern the country and summoned ministers many times to discuss state affairs. But the words were not speculative, and always ended with the emperor scolding and angrily scolding him. In particular, Wang Yongguang, the Minister of Civil Affairs, always opposed the emperor. Only Han Yiliang, a native of Chengcheng and a newly transferred official, responded. Han Yiliang was a diligent, honest and courageous official. When he was the head of Chenliu County (county magistrate), Henan Provincial Party Committee Secretary (Governor) Guo Zongguang built a shrine for Wei Gong. Han Yiliang resolutely resisted and refused to "offer" silver. As a result, he was not allowed to be promoted for seven years. After the fall of Wei Gong, Han Yiliang was re-appointed as the independent supervisor of the Ministry of Finance (Hu Keji Shizhong) because of his outstanding political achievements and "the most honest official". Because he had doubts about the emperor's empty moral slogans, Han Yiliang gave the emperor a lecture. His "Encouraging Integrity and Punishing Corruption" said: Today, where is the place where money is not used? Isn’t an official a person who loves money? Buying an official requires money, getting promoted requires money, officials require money for socializing, and taking exams requires money. "This money does not fall from the sky, nor does it come from the earth." They all come from Sonaka. Han Yiliang also gave an example: He is only a seventh-grade Sesame Officer, and he is usually not good at socializing, but he has refused to accept five hundred silver taels in gifts in the past two months. By analogy, you can imagine the high-ranking officials. In order to promote the anti-corruption work, Han Yiliang suggested that the emperor first attack the big "tiger" to scare all officials.
3. Introduction to "History of the Ming Dynasty"
"History of the Ming Dynasty" is the last of the twenty-four histories, with a total of 332 volumes, including the twenty-four volumes of this era. , seventy-five volumes of annals, two hundred and twenty volumes of biographies, and thirteen volumes of tables. It is a biographical history that records more than 200 years of history from the first year of Hongwu (AD 1368) by Emperor Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty to the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (AD 1644) by Zhu Youjian, Emperor Sizong of the Ming Dynasty.
In the second year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1645), the Ming History Museum was established to compile the history of the Ming Dynasty. However, because the country was new and everything was complicated, it could not be fully carried out. In the fourth year of Kangxi's reign (AD 1665), the Ming History Museum was reopened, but was suspended due to the compilation of "Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty". In the eighteenth year of Kangxi (1679 AD), with Xu Yuanwen as the supervisor, he began to compile the History of the Ming Dynasty. In the fourth year of Qianlong's reign (AD 1739), Zhang Tingyu finalized the manuscript and submitted it for publication. From the first opening to the final publication, it took more than ninety years, making it the longest official history book.
4. Zhu Youjian, Emperor Chongzhen and Ming Sizong
Zhu Youjian (February 6, 1611-April 25, 1644), also known as Ming Sizong (1627) -reigned in 1644), the 16th emperor of the Ming Dynasty[2], and the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty as a unified political power across the country, the fifth son of Ming Guang Zong Zhu Changluo, the half-brother of Ming Xi Zong Zhu Youxiao, his mother was Lady Liu. After Emperor Chongzhen succeeded to the throne, he vigorously eradicated the eunuchs, was diligent in political affairs, lived frugally, and issued six edicts for sins against himself. He was a young and promising emperor. It is a pity that he was suspicious by nature and could not save the declining Ming Dynasty. During his reign, a peasant uprising broke out, and the Houjin regime was eyeing him outside the country. He was already in a situation of internal and external troubles. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), when Li Zicheng's army conquered Beijing, he hanged himself in Meishan. He was 34 years old and had reigned for 17 years.
After the death of Emperor Chongzhen, the temple was named Huaizong, and later changed to Yizong and Sizong. In the Qing Dynasty, his posthumous title was "Guardian of Dao, Respected, thrifty, Kuanwen, Xiang, Wu, Tiren, Emperor Xiaozhuang, Liemin". Emperor Qianlong believed that the reason why the Ming Dynasty collapsed was because Emperors Wanli and Tianqi ignored the government's affairs, resulting in the weakening of laws and regulations. When Chongzhen succeeded to the throne, "state affairs were no longer possible." Although he worked hard for 17 years, he still could not "remediate the crisis" and finally died for the country. 6. How much money was in the treasury at the end of the Ming Dynasty?
It is impossible to have too much money. Although Chongzhen was the king of subjugation, he was also a diligent emperor.
During the seventeen years of his reign, in order to pay for the huge military expenditures, he had spent all the royal funds accumulated in the Ming Dynasty for more than two hundred years. He himself wore linen clothes, Queen Zhou donated all her jewelry, and even opened a vegetable patch in the palace to grow her own vegetables. This fully shows that the court and the royal family have reached a very tight situation.
After Li Zicheng invaded Beijing, he pressed against senior officials of the Ming Dynasty. This also showed that he did not get much benefit from the treasury, so he took out his grievances on these bureaucrats. Therefore, in a word, Emperor Chongzhen's treasury was basically out of money at the end of the Ming Dynasty. Li Zicheng got a lot of money after entering Beijing, but it was all obtained from the Ming Dynasty's surviving officials. 7. Translation of classical Chinese Kuai Kuai Kuai
Translation
Song Qianxi was very honest when it came to his property. He once wrote big characters on his door: "I would rather die of hunger than live greedy for profit." ", cultivated people regard this sentence as a famous saying. As long as a person in a high position and with great power is not a decent person in Song Qianxi's opinion, even if he takes a bag full of gold, he will not write a word; even if he writes a word and gives it to others, he will not accept the gift. The envoy of Little Japan asked Qianxi for an article and gave him one hundred taels of gold, but Qianxi refused and refused to accept it. The emperor asked him about this, and Qianxi replied: "As a close minister of the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, I accept gifts from a small island country. It is definitely not an act to bring glory to the country."
Not so respected. "Chong" in Guotiye means "respect, esteem".
I hope my answer is helpful to you. If you have any questions, feel free to ask.
Please adopt it in time if you are satisfied, thank you!