Academic summary of Zeng Guofan's research

Zeng Guofan (1811-1872) was born in Zicheng, Hunan. 23-year-old, admitted as a scholar and entered the county school. At the age of 24, he entered Yuelu Academy and was promoted. In the 18th year of Qing Daoguang (1838), he was a scholar and ranked 42nd among the top three in palace examination. He was born a scholar, entered imperial academy, and studied under the Japanese scholar Zhu Neo-Confucianism. He used to be the examiner of Sichuan and Jiangxi provincial examinations, the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites, the secretariat of the two rivers, the governor of Zhili, the university student of Yingwudian, and the first-class marquis. The pawn gave a teacher a famous stone. Author of The Complete Works of Zeng.

Zeng Guofan is very accomplished in literature, both in theory and creation. Zeng's suggestion is "fine exegesis, taking the ancient as the complex". He thinks: "The grandeur of an article is based on qi, followed by sentence making and word selection. However, there are no words that are not quaint but can be quaint, and there are no sentences that are not quaint but can be quaint; There is no word that is not majestic but the sentence can be majestic, and the sentence is not majestic but the gas can be majestic. It is based on the grandeur of the article, its essence lies in the spirit, and its roughness lies in making sentences and wording. " (2) "All poems, words and sentient beings are sincere and have to pour out. But to accumulate wealth on weekdays, you don't have to think, you have to find the right source. " ③

Together with He, He, He and He became the representatives of Song School. There is a cloud at the beginning of "Notes on Modern Poetry": "Before poets in Qing Dynasty were Du, Han, Jia and Dao, they pushed a dollar to help ministers; Since Jia and Dao, assistant ministers Cheng Chunhai and Qi Chunpu have been in the same country. He Zizhen's editor and Zheng Ziyin's big order are all out of the door of Assistant Minister Cheng. Benefiting from Mozi's Da Ling, he was born in this country. Leaders take Kaiyuan, Tianbao, Yuanhe and Yuanhe as their mission, and don't stick to the charm of Wang Wen's bamboo slips. Shen Wen presided over the gentle and honest, integrating the poems of scholars and poets. " ④

In prose, he is convinced of Tongcheng School and is a "giant after the decline of Tongcheng School". Although he "began in Jichuan, he studied Yang and Ma and devoted himself to retiring here. Odd and even characters are complicated, and even characters are more complicated than odd characters. In the meantime, he concentrated his true qi and made his voice brilliant, but suddenly he was silent. This is another school of Zheng Wen, which can be called Xiangxiang School. " ⑥ These changes of Tongcheng School from ancient prose theory to creative practice have brought Tongcheng School into a new stage.

In terms of couplets, Qing adopted "official couplets": "Xiangxiang Zeng, Deqing Yu, learned salty and refined, and was extremely knowledgeable. Although it is a trivial matter, it is a matter of resignation, and it is a matter of heart and ingenuity. Not a person who lives in seclusion. " ⑦ Wu Gong Heng once praised Zeng Guofan's couplets: "Ceng Wenzheng's couplets are vigorous, such as the land of Hua Yue and the confluence of the Yangtze River. The words are fine and beautiful, and the words are also millet." ⑧ There is another cloud: "Ceng Wenzheng's couplet is very heavy. Although it is a minor issue, it is salty and has the view of a dragon leaping and a tiger throwing." ⑨

But in modern times, Zeng Guofan was a controversial figure. Because of the suppression of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement, he was later called "the running dog of the Qing court" and "the bloody killer of the peasant movement". He was called a "traitor" because of the religious case in Tianjin. Therefore, the research on him has not been fully carried out. With the liberation of academic thought in 1980s, people began to restore Zeng's true colors, and the research on him was unprecedentedly active. The research on him is carried out from point to surface, including historical position, academic thought and literature.

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