1. Ancient prose about ancient customs 1. In the Song Dynasty, firecrackers were used to remove the old year, and bamboo was burned to scare the epidemic.

Since the invention of * *, it is difficult to stop the custom of flogging in the New Year. "Nerve" says that there is shame in Xishan Mountain, and it is hot and cold to commit it.

But it is afraid of bamboo bursting. So people burn bamboo to drive it away.

A poet in the Tang Dynasty wrote a poem: "The new calendar is only half open, and the small court is still bursting." Wang Anshi of the Song Dynasty wrote: "Besides firecrackers, the spring breeze sent warmth into Tu Su.

After the invention of * *, people still set off firecrackers during the Spring Festival. Fan Chengda described the process of setting off firecrackers in "The Journey of Firecrackers": "Cut off the gun barrel and simmer for five feet to get paid. During the intermission, the healthy servant still runs.

On the other hand, when the footsteps sounded, the children stood far in front and shouted loudly. One, two, a hundred ghosts are frightened, three, four, the ghost nest is crooked.

Ten sounds are in harmony with all gods, and all directions are in harmony. However, there is still enough power to drive away the disease.

"In the Southern Song Dynasty, there was an explosion in which * * was wrapped in papyrus paper and tied into a roll." "Old Wulin Story": "As for the battle of the explosive head, there are more than 100 hidden medicine lines.

This refers to firecrackers strung together with medicinal thread. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Chun wrote the poem "Firecrackers": "Self-pity ends in a small picture, and the heart refuses to accept the dust.

The season is coming, the cold flame is emitting, and there are thunder on people's heads. Singing "Thunder Rising", the north is called "Kick Kick".

The invention of * *, originally for a peaceful life, was later used in war, which is a human misfortune; It is a great misfortune for mankind to use it in the war of aggression. Second, Jiao Fang enjoyed another year of beautiful scenery.

Fortunately, there was no official uniform at the beginning of the year, and they gathered in the brothel to play the orchestral. In the Song Dynasty, Jiao Fang originally belonged to the imperial court and was an official prostitute; "In Shaoxing, Jiao Fang's name was abolished. In case of a big meeting of the imperial court or a holy day, the commander-in-chief of the imperial army arranged to play music before driving, and dialed musicians in front of the Lin' an yamen ... "Another private prostitute sang in the street.

If the government has something to do, such as setting up a liquor store to sell wine, in order to attract business, "official and private * * *, Qian Gu should only". Within a year, it is rare to have a rest.

Only the first day of the new year has leisure and entertainment. Third, next year, you don't have to go to the government door to send business cards to interview people.

This situation is everywhere, giving paper shops a lot of money. In the Song Dynasty, visiting New Year with business cards was called "flying posts".

A red paper bag with the word "Fu Fu" written on it is posted in front of every house just for flying. "Qingbo Magazine" said: "In Yuan You, servants are often used to stab people's names when celebrating the New Year.

It was still like this in the Ming Dynasty. Wen Zhiming's poem "Happy New Year" says: "I don't want to meet you, but I want to talk, and the famous articles are all about us."

I also throw some paper at people. The world is too simple and empty. In the Qing Dynasty, the moon order in Yantai also described Beijing as "the moon, the shadows fly and the cars go empty".

Modern greeting cards and greeting cards can be said to be its heritage. Fourthly, on the seventh day of plum blossom makeup in beginning of spring in the Tang Dynasty, plum blossom was given a new color.

If this person is in the hall with Zhang, he is suspected to be a Shouyang imperial concubine. In ancient times, the seventh day of the first month was regarded as the "People's Day", and the story recorded the first establishment of the "People's Day" in Dong Fangshuo.

Legend has it that when Song Wudi was born, Princess Shouyang was lying in the hall with chapters, and plum blossoms fell on the princess's forehead under the eaves to form a decoration; The custom of "plum blossom makeup" with red spots on the forehead spread to the Tang and Song Dynasties, and women painted various patterns on their faces. There are names such as "oblique red, face enamel"; Lip paintings have names such as "Wanjinhong, Dahong, Neijiayuan".

In fact, stippling and decoration on women's faces rose as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Chu female figurines unearthed in Changsha have dots on their faces. In the Tang dynasty, sticking gold foil flowers on the face developed into a beauty fashion.

Golden spring plate beginning of spring is salty for spring plate flavor, with celery buds and leeks. Give each other friends and colleagues the same taste, and you don't have to wait for a good meal.

In ancient times, there was a custom of eating five spicy dishes in the spring. For example, Chronology of Jingchu's Age says: "On the first day of Yuan Dynasty, ... I drank Tu Su wine and served five spicy dishes.

"Geographical Records at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty:" Five Xin Pan, Yuan system. Note: "Five spices make the five internal organs angry, namely garlic, garlic, leek, cloud moss and coriander.

Spiced board is also called spring board. "Legacy" contains: "In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Li E beginning of spring ordered reeds and celery buds as spring vegetables.

"Compendium of Materia Medica" said: "Five coriander is mixed with onion, garlic, leek, chrysanthemum and mustard to welcome the New Year. This custom has been spread to the Tang, Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties.

For example, Yelu Chucai of Yuan Dynasty wrote a poem "Poor Spring Banquet on the First Day of Spring", in which he said that lotus root, pea, onion, Artemisia selengensis, leek and vermicelli were used for the spring banquet. Six, Tang put lights on the fire, trees and silver flowers, and tourists stayed for the Lantern Festival.

There are songs everywhere on the Climbing Star Bridge, and Jin Wu is forbidden to party. The fifteenth day of the first month is the first full moon night in a year, so it is called Yuan (Moon) night.

Taoism takes the fifteenth day of the first month as Shangyuan Festival. As early as the Han Dynasty, there was the custom of Lantern Festival, and it was even more grand in the Tang Dynasty.

Su Weidao's poem "The 15th Night of the First Month" says: "The fire trees and silver flowers are combined, and the stars and bridges are locked. The crowd is surging and the dust is flying under the horseshoe; Moonlight shines in every corner, where people can see the moon overhead.

Prostitutes are rich in plums and songs are beautiful. The capital has been abolished, so don't worry about the timing of leaking jade. Don't let the only midnight snack pass by in a hurry this year.

Become a classic of Yuanxiao poetry. In Tang Ruizong, the lantern tree is 20 feet high, and 50,000 lanterns are lit, the number of which is "fire tree".

"Jin Wu can't help it at night" means that the capital has made an exception to lift the curfew at night and allowed citizens to walk around the lights for three nights, also known as "lighting up". Seven, song silkworm divination playing tricks on rice fans, including good news to eat.

Although I set a good omen, I was overjoyed. Song and Yang Wanli wrote a poem, "On the night of Shangyuan, vulgar rice is silk, which is auspicious, so as to count the misfortune of one year old, it is called silkworm divination, which is a long sentence because of the play": "Shangyuan lives at home today, but it rains without lights in the village.

There is a small flute and drum across the stream. I wonder if there are any tourists? Children boil jade into silk, and auspicious words pray silently in the middle. The child can't wait for his body to take office early, and the daughter just wants to raise silkworms well. "Yun Yun.

It is said to be a local custom in Jizhou, Jiangxi, Yang Wanli's hometown. That is, the customs of sericulture areas in the south. Eight, I went to Chengtoumei Lantern Festival to travel with various diseases, and I couldn't help climbing Chengtou.

Out of the boudoir, in addition to all diseases, it is better than Yueyang wanzhanglou. Six pairs of Shanren's "Ci of Jincheng Zhi Zhu": "In order to travel around all diseases, the clothes are always tied.

Some chicken shoes are extremely thin and stick high on the female wall without help. It was described that it was a pleasure for women in Chengdu to travel around the city wall at midnight. 9. Tang sends the poor to the poor god every year, and the willow cart carries them out.

Drink up the wine and leave early; The old poor are approaching the new poor. The custom of sending the poor has existed since the Han Dynasty.

Yang Xiong in the Western Han Dynasty wrote a poem to eliminate poverty. According to Jin Gu Yuan Ji, the son of Levin is thin and compact, well dressed.

People use them to make new clothes, that is, they break them with fire. The palace is called a poor child.

On a dark day in the first month, the path died. People are in a mess now, abandoning junk. It was a sacrifice to heaven in an alley, saying it was to send the poor.

2. About ancient stylistics.

Theory is a kind of essay style, according to Yun: "Commentator, discuss also". "Selected Works of Zhaoming" said: "There are two theories. One is the theory of history, which is the judgment of good and evil made by loyal ministers at the end of biographies.

For example, Tai Shigong said after Historical Records. Second, when it comes to political theory, it is fallacious for bachelors and doctors to talk about ancient and modern figures or comment on classic history. "

For example, The Six Kingdoms and Guo Qin. Ming.

In ancient times, words carved on objects to warn themselves or describe merits were called "Ming". The inscription engraved on the tablet and placed on the right side of the chopping board to guard against the police is called "motto"

Such as Liu Yuxi's "Humble Room Inscription". An epitaph is carved on a stone tablet to describe the life of the deceased and praise the memory.

Such as Han Yu's epitaph of Liu Zihou. travel notes

Travel notes are a form of prose describing travel experiences. Travel notes have a wide range of materials, which can describe the beauty of famous mountains and rivers, record the peculiar richness of local customs, reflect the daily life of a person and a family, and also record the major events of a country and express the author's thoughts and feelings.

The style of writing is relaxed, vivid and informative, which gives people rich social knowledge and a good feeling. Travel notes are argumentative essays, such as Yueyang Tower and You Bao Chan. There are scientific ones, such as the Three Gorges in Li Daoyuan; There are also those with * * * colors, such as Liu Zongyuan's The Story of Little Stone Pond.

Original. The original intention is the ancient argumentative style.

This style is a fundamental investigation and discussion of a certain theory, proposition, political system or social custom, and it is highly theoretical. Such as Han Yu's Original Extinction and Huang Zongxi's Original King.

Preface Stylistic name.

In ancient times, poetry was used to bid farewell, which was called the preface of giving and answering. For example, Han Yu's Preface to Sending Stones to Chu Shi: "Therefore, all Dudong people ... hence the name" Six Rhymes of Songs and Poems ",which is sent to the preface cloud.

After that, all articles that bid farewell to others without poems are also called preface, and the content is often praise, praise or encouragement. We studied Song Lian's Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Yang in the Ming Dynasty.

An article read in memory of the dead or gods such as heaven, earth, mountains and water.

There are two genres: verse and prose. The content is to remember the main experience of the deceased before his death, to praise his main moral character and career, to mourn and to inspire the living.

Such as Yuan Mei's "Sister-in-law". Fairy tales.

A children's literature. Through rich imagination, fantasy and exaggeration to shape characters, reflect life and educate children ideologically.

Fairy tale language is easy to understand, vivid and vivid, with bizarre plot and full of interest. The description of natural scenery is often anthropomorphic, which can adapt to children's psychology and interest, stimulate people's imagination and facilitate children's acceptance and transformation. Fairy tales selected as teaching materials are: Andersen's The Emperor's New Clothes and Ye Shengtao's The Stone Statue of Ancient Heroes.

Preface and postscript. Foreword is also called "preface" or "introduction", just like today's "introduction" and "preface"

It is an article that explains the intention of writing or publishing a book, the arrangement style and the author's situation. It can also include comments on writers' works and research on related issues.

"Preface" is usually written in front of a book or article (some are listed in the back, such as "Preface to Historical Records"), and those listed in the back of the book are called "Postscript" or "Postscript". This kind of article belongs to expository or argumentative according to the content, and it is expository to explain the writing purpose, style and content.

Comments on the author's works or explanations are argumentative. The prefaces we have studied are: the preface to Scream, the preface to Rural Investigation, the postscript to the South Record of Returning to Germany, and the Biography of Lingguan.

Debate. "Debate" is to argue about right and wrong, not true and false. This style is characterized by refuting a wrong argument or discriminating some facts.

For example, Han Yu's Debate on Taboo and Liu Zongyuan's Debate on Dong Xiong. Miscellaneous notes

Including: (1) Miscellaneous notes on landscape and personnel. Descriptions of mountains and rivers, scenery and people, such as "Little Stone Pond" and "Mount Tai".

(2) Precautions. Mainly notes, characterized by short length, about 1000 words; Rich in content, there are historical anecdotes, heritages, literary essays, people's essays, science novels, textual research, reading miscellaneous notes and so on.

Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Meng Qian Bi Tan are such styles. Commemorate.

Ancient ministers collectively went to court. Including play, discussion, reconciliation, expression, countermeasures and so on.

"The article has a body order": "Before the Seven Kingdoms, it was all called the early Qin Dynasty. There are four kinds of ceremonies in Han dynasty: one is to say thank you; Second, fight, in order to crush it; Three expressions of feelings; Four days of deliberation, there is deliberation. "

Folk stories. The literary form formed by the oral creation of the masses has been passed down orally and has been continuously revised and processed by many people.

The characteristics of folk stories: strong story and vivid plot; Spoken, simple and lively; Imagination is strange and rich; Often use exaggeration and metaphor, which has a strong artistic appeal. In content, it comes from the people and mainly reflects the folk life.

Some folk stories often have mythical fantasy plots and are full of magical colors. For example: fisherman's story, Cowherd and Weaver Girl, etc.

Go ahead. The floorboard of ancient argumentative articles.

And "On" is not much different, so later collectively referred to as essays on reasoning and analysis. Preface of article analysis: "Speaker, interpreter, explain meaning, and explain with your own meaning."

We have studied this genre of articles: teacher's comments, horse's comments, young chinese's comments, snake catching comments and Huang Sheng's comments on borrowing books. Foreword: a style.

In ancient times, poems and songs were used to bid farewell, which was called the preface of giving and answering. For example, "Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Dongyang".

This kind of writing is mostly praise and encouragement. Book narrator: "Book" refers to ordinary letters.

"Say" refers to the words that clarify the meaning of things and problems. The reason why the two are grouped together is that "book" is often the same as "theory" in content, discriminating things and explaining meanings. Both of them often express their views and opinions in narrative way, which is very flexible.

For example, The Snake Catcher, Huang Sheng's Borrowing Books, Answering Li Yishu, Reporting the Number of Sheets to Liu Yi, etc. Biography: an article describing a person's life story.

Generally speaking, it is mostly about the life stories of deceased people who are more influential and outstanding in history. Take narrative, description and other methods to show the life style of characters.

This style has always been used in history books. Such as Biography of Su Wu, Biography of Zhang Hengchuan and Biography of Harry.

Argumentative essay: It is an ancient prose style. There are "Yuan …", "On …" and "…".

It's a pity that many ancient Chinese can't understand, and ancient Chinese culture can't understand. I thought so at first, but if you are really interested in them, there are really only two words: persistence. You should continue reading these articles, even if you don't understand them, and try to understand what they are. I really can't find my notes. When you suddenly have a feeling of understanding, your level will rise a little, so keep reading and thinking. It's just that you need to remember some ancient usages and meanings of some ancient words that are not commonly used now, or you should keep reading. When you meet a lot of things, you will naturally remember them. In short, you must understand them, study them and experience them yourself. The most important thing is to keep reading and thinking. That's how I got here. I'm much better now. Of course, it takes time, so persistence is very important. If you don't hurry,

4. What is the common sense of ancient culture in classical Chinese? Source: Number of hits provided by users: 44 1 updated on July 6, 200816:14: 29. I, the national examination of the imperial examination system-palace examination Juren-Gong Jinshi Xieyuan Hou. Huashan Mountain in Xiyue, Songshan Mountain in Zhongyue, Hengshan Mountain in Beiyue and Hengshan Mountain in Nanyue 3. Yin and Yang: In ancient times, Shannan was Yang, and Shannan was Yin 4. Nanjing: Jiankang, Jinling 5. Yangzhou: Guangling 6. Suzhou: Gusu 7. Chengdu: Golden Crown City 3. Appointment and removal of official positions: granting official positions; Except: exempting old posts from new posts; Grant: to grant an official position; "withdrawal"; Transfer: transfer, generally referring to promotion; Left shift: demotion and transfer; Stop: dismissal, suspension; Exemption: Exemption from official position; Abandon: depose, demote; Chen: Demotion and transfer 4. Time: Morning (noon): (noon) Evening: New Moon: the first day of the first lunar month: the fifteenth lunar month: the sixteenth lunar month: the fifth lunar month, also known as 1, and Wang Meng: Wang Haoran, a landscape and pastoral poet 2. Ouyang Xiu 4, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan 5, four famous writers in the early Tang Dynasty, Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo 6, Su Xin, Su Shi, Xin Qiji 7, Kong Meng 8, three world short story writers, Chekhov, O Henry 9, and four cultural celebrities, Qu Yuan and Mencius 9. Su San: Su Shi, Su Zhe, Su Xun 12, Su Huang: Su Shi, Huang Tingjian 13, four famous writers of Yuan Dynasty: Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu, Zheng Guangzu, Ma Zhiyuan 14, four famous literary works: A Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin Journey to the West/kloc-0. Three friends in cold years: Songzhumei 17, Four Gentlemen in Flowers: Mei Lanzhuju 18, Four Treasures of the Study: Pen and ink 19, * * *: Guo Feng in the Book of Songs, Li Sao in Chu Ci 20, Yuefu Shuangbi: Peacock East Brother: Brother: Poet: Poet. Chrysanthemum: yellow flowers; Cuckoo: sub-rule; Hometown: Mulberry; Country: country; History: history:10; Civilians: cloth:11; War: beacon smoke:12; Music. Characters posthumous title Li Bai: Shi Jushi Bai Juyi: Xiangshan Jushi Su Shi: Dongpo Jushi Pu: Liu Quan Jushi is called Mr. Liaozhai Du Fu: Poet Saint Tao Yuanming: State Master Ouyang Xiu: Drunk Poet Liu Qingzhao: Yi 'an Jushi Lu You: Xin Qiji: Jia Xuanmeng Zi: Yasheng's name, character and number were given by the ancients when they were young, and words were taken in adulthood.

Names are given by fathers or elders. Words have a meaningful connection with names.

Words are for the convenience of others. Courtesy and respect for peers or elders.

Number, also known as nickname and table number, is chosen by oneself to express some interest or express some emotion. Standing at the age of eight or thirty, standing at the age of forty, not confused, knowing the destiny, and being crowned as an adult. Nine, the number of years, remember the year of heavenly stems and earthly branches. Ten, the naming method of the collection. Native place: Liuhe Dongji Library: Strange Stories from a Lonely Studio. Inscription: Complete Works of Li Taibai, alias: Jia Xuan's long and short sentences. Posthumous title: Ouyang Wenzhong's Collection of Official Documents. Official post: Du Gongbu Collection. Famous people and events: Pangu opened the sky, Nu Wa made up the sky by refining stones, Jingwei reclaimed the sea, Fuxi invented gossip, and Kuafu chased the sun. 12. Monograph The Book of Songs: The First Book of Poetry: The First River Monograph Historical Records: The First Biography, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and Zuo Zhuan: The First Book.