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The meaning and usage of function words in classical Chinese (and, what, Hu, Nai, Qi, and, if, what, for, how, also, to, because, Yu, and, then, who, it).
The usage and significance of 18 function words in classical Chinese.

1. and

Examples of conjunctions translation

The four kings are all wise, faithful, generous and kind. Re-discussion on Qin Dynasty

A progressive gentleman is knowledgeable, but he can save himself by taking part in a day. "Encourage learning" and, and

If you bear the night, you will be surrounded by soldiers, but you will not be able to return. The preface of the Southern Guide, then, has not been translated.

Turn green and take it from blue, and green is blue. "encourage learning" but, but

If you are interested, you can expect the horse's head. "Feng Wanzhen" if, if

I've been thinking about it all day ... the book "Persuade to Learn" has started. "Snake Catcher Theory" is a connecting adverbial, which cannot be translated.

Cause and effect are also regrettable. It won't be extreme enjoyment. therefore

Aim high and hope for happiness. Table purpose, come on

The pronoun passes through a certain place of "Er", and the mother stands in this place. Ji Xiang Xuanzhi, yours.

It's terrible to pass the "Ru" army. "Chajin" seems, like

Disyllabic function words are only listened to in sequence, and they have artistic specialties, that's all. Shi Shuo is limited in sound, that's all.

Then I tried my best and died. The model was just now.

Today, however, the clock is put in the water. Although the wind and waves are silent, the situation is chaotic! Rhetorical tone, further meaning

As a result, Wu Min's rebellion was invited to North Korea, and five people were punished. "Five Tomb Inscriptions" soon, for a while.

2. What

What is the significance of interrogative pronouns as objects? The Hongmen Banquet comes first, where and what?

When can I be happy when I do attributes? "Yueyang Tower" What?

Who is the predicate? The prestige of a big country is to cultivate respect. What is the reason and reason of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru Biography?

The interrogative adverb begins with the verb. Why don't you stay put and tie your armor and do things in the north? Why and how about Battle of Red Cliffs?

I swear before adjectives that my hair will break and tears will touch my face. What a failure! How about the preface of Biography of Lingguan?

What about disyllabic function words?

/Fan Kuai said: "What happened today?" Hongmen feast —banquet offered with ill intentions

Pei Gong was frightened and said, "Why?" How about the hongmen banquet? What is it like?

Why are the shapes of people who don't do it different from those who can't do it? What is Qi Huan's bronze inscription? What is it and why?

There is nothing to worry about, nothing to forget, nothing to kill. "Promoting weaving" is not long, not long.

He Nai's grandmother said that the government in history: He Nai is too small. How do peacocks fly to the southeast?

What is the difference? What is the difference? What's the difference

No matter what the mountain is, no matter what the load is. Why, the year has arrived. Why (used to ask yourself and answer yourself)

If ... what's the danger? What should I do with Biography of Xiang Yu?

Why ... since people are knives and I am fish, why should I quit? What else (to do sth)?

3. Hu (Chinese Pinyin)

Is the mood-assisted question a cold? Want to eat? Ji Xiang Xuanzhi? So what?

Wang's tone is very happy, so that's about it? Bao Zhuang met Mencius, didn't he?

Sigh! Who knows that Fu Lian's poison is very snake! The snake catcher said "ah, ah".

Suffixes are as vast as leaning on virtual wind. The emergence of "happy travel" ...

The preposition is equivalent to "Yu", the gentleman is knowledgeable, and the Japanese ginseng saves himself ... The book "Persuade Learning" is right, right, comparative, guiding and following.

4. Yes

The adverb "Shuncheng" is followed by a proverb ... failing to make long-term plans. "Then they went to the court to see the duke. This is the "Cao Gui Debate".

On the contrary, the poor are looking for it with axes. "Shi Zhongshan Ji" is actually, unexpectedly, on the contrary, brilliant.

Limited in scope. Xiang Wang ... to Dongcheng, there are 28 riders. Xiang Yu's biography is only, only.

Make sure that if things go wrong, this is heaven. Battle of Red Cliffs is, is.

The second person said that the king was the master of the Central Plains, but the sacrifice of the family was never forgotten. "Lou you < show > you.

I do what I do, but what I ask is not my heart. such

Disyllabic function words are nothing. Wang lives in the book and asks the counselor again. What about nothing? I'm sorry ...

Nair mansion history and worship, empty room sigh, for Nair. done

5. it

I have heard pronouns in the third person before. What (they) in Shi Shuo?

It is a pity that the first person can't travel happily. Me, myself

Far refers to the pronoun that accuses it. A trip to Baochan Mountain?

Those who have ginger pronouns only benefit the third generation. The snake catcher said this, this, these.

Choose one or two demonstrative pronouns in the rock. One of the "Shi Zhongshan Ji"

Adverbs speculate that the tone is all out of this? Shi Shuo may, may, probably.

Who can scoff at this? If the child dies after giving birth, who will inherit it? No, how come?

I am willing to pay back my business. Don't be sad about the battle of dishes. My wife's book is still there.

I hope you will never forget your father's ambition! Brief Introduction of Biography of Lingguan

It is true that there is no evil horse in the conjunction list, and I really don't understand horses. Is it Ma Shuo ... or ... ...

It is unnatural to think that you are inferior to your profession or morality. if

How can polysyllabic function words swear to break their hair and cry? How can they fail! how

6. and

The conjunction indicates that the river is clear and shallow. The river is clear and blue. "Cutting Tan" is also true, and

China people's progressive will is only156,000, and they are already tired of ... Battle of Red Cliffs.

If I give in, I will not avoid death, and my words will be satisfied! Hongmen banquet remains the same.

The turning point is not as good as before. What can we do? However, the hongmen banquet can

If you can't say adverbs, the fire will be consumed. "A Journey to the Treasure Toad Mountain" will, will.

Qing has temporarily returned to China, and I will report to the government today. Peacock flies southeast temporarily, temporarily.

Disyllabic function words, husband is not small and weak in the world, Yongzhou land, literary land, self-sufficiency In addition, in addition

For example, this winter, it will be held in the west of the city just as

VII. If

Is the second person pronoun poisonous? "The Snake Catcher said" is more like a service, more like a blessing ... The snake catcher said "you, you, yours".

The demonstrative pronoun Nangong came out, and Confucius said, "A gentleman is a man!" The Analects of Confucius is this, this, this.

If the conjoint table hypothesis can compete with the Wuyue people in China ... if it is in Battle of Red Cliffs.

The table selects ten thousand people as one county and closes ten thousand households. Or, or

However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven will remain our neighbor. Farewell to the viceroy and go to Shu, as if.

Xu Gong is not as beautiful as you. Zou Ji satirized Qi Wang's ability to be a minister, comparable to, and, for example.

Disyllabic function words can't even open the moon. Duan Tou, if you want to say that, just do that.

If the command is fixed, if it is fixed. Good idea. Take your time.

How to bypass our city and why? How's it going?

A few cars, a few couriers. How much, how much

If generation/if not, if all, will be captured! You (these people)

What if ... the estuary is deep? How to treat ... and how to deal with it ...

8. Institutions

Auxiliary words are stupid before verbs, but they are heard. People (Things) in the Preface to Sending Ma Sheng to Yang

The structure of "for ..." is passive. If it belongs to all, it will be captured. Hongmen feast —banquet offered with ill intentions

From Zhong Qing's mother. "Peacock Flying Southeast" is

The noun list is somewhere and the mother is here. Location and location of Ji Xiang Xuan paper

Quantifiers leave the palace and don't go to the museum, 36 places. building

Disyllabic function words indicate the reason, so guards are sent to guard the pass in case he steals in and out. Also called "Hongmen Banquet"

Sages are sacred because fools are stupid. The reason of Shi Shuo. ...

Therefore, the table depends on the teacher, so it is also necessary to preach and teach. The Foundation and Method of Shi Shuo (used for ...)

The so-called victory over the imperial court. above-mentioned

There is a loud noise in the stone, everywhere. (everywhere)

Rush to it, turn over the corner and get lost in it. (Premises)

9. for

Prepositions indicate the objects of actions and behaviors. As the saying goes in China: "The humanity of outsiders is not satisfactory." The Peach Blossom Garden is here, isn't it?

The substitution of action and behavior is dedicated to me. "The Hongmen Banquet" is for harmony

It's time to show your actions and behaviors, so I ask you to tie a man across the king. When and when "Yan Zi controls Chu"

The purpose of actions and behaviors is to make the world bustling and for the benefit. The preface of Biography of Huo Zhi is absolutely correct.

Show the reasons for action and behavior, and the behavior will be late. Because, because

If the passive relationship is not shown, if it belongs to all, it will be captured! Hongmen banquet is

At the end of the modal auxiliary verb question, it shows that people are a knife now and I am a fish. Why should I resign? (hongmen banquet)?

Xi to Jiu, Wan Li and South? Free walk

Verb alliance to offer altar and sacrifice to the captain. The Chen She family is ice and water, but it is colder than water. Persuasive learning

Who is the king for this purpose? Now man is a knife and I am a fish. Hongmen feast —banquet offered with ill intentions

Who is wise to you? "Two Children Tell the Date" is a gift because of its long sentence. The construction, transformation, writing, judgment, thinking, creation, yes and so on of Pipa Xing.

10.

Pronouns, interrogative pronouns and how to place stones. How to kill a chicken with a knife (idiom) Where is Yugong Yishan, how to kill it, how to kill it?

In the third person, it is important to observe people's style. The snake catcher said he (they) and it (they)

Modal auxiliary words state mood, so there are sighs. A trip to Baochan Mountain, ah, what's the matter?

I don't care how long the rhetorical tone lasts! Where's the fish I want?

Pause or be absent-minded or absent-minded in the structural auxiliary. What the world says does not translate.

Adjectives and adverbs at the end of the word are confused and ambiguous, and there is a honeycomb vortex. On the Ah Fang Palace

Xiaoyan, the moon rises in Dongshan. "Red Cliff Fu" is equivalent to "Ran"

And the word is in it (this), and the wind and rain are prosperous. "Encourage learning" is here (there)

1 1

Modal auxiliary words in the sentence indicate pause, and the soothing tone also depends on me first. When I was a teacher, I dragged it in the ravine. The preface to seeing Ma Sheng off in Dongyang has been circulating for a long time. What the world says does not translate.

At the end of the sentence, the modal particle indicates that Xu Gong in the north of the city is a beautiful woman in Qi State. ("Zou Ji satirizes Wang Qi's incompetence")

Sean said: "It is also possible for Pei Gong to participate in Fan Kuai." (The Hongmen Banquet) Not translated

The statement or explanation of the form can't stand the baby, ... so it's easy for the sheep (The Story of Qi Huan Jinwen)

When the thunder started, the palace car passed. (Epang Palace Fu) untranslated.

Express affirmation and exclamation! Those who destroy the six countries are also six countries, not Qin. (Qin Dynasty)

You are beautiful, how can Xu Can Gong be as beautiful as you! ("Zou Ji satirizes Wang Qike to teach") Hey, so what?

Expressing doubt or backchat, there are interrogative pronouns in the sentence. Is the son afraid of death and evil? Why are you crying? ("New Stealing Symbol to Save Zhao")

Who made Qin fall in love with the Six Kingdoms ... Who won and the clan perished? Where's Epang Gongfu?

It means that the command tone can't attack it, or we will return it if it doesn't succeed. (Battle of Kans).

The meaning of disyllabic function words is also (almost) poetic: "Others have a heart, so think about it." Master is also called. (that is to say ... ah)

Are you alone? (mood auxiliary words are used together. In order to strengthen emotions, there are many sighs. )

12 ...

Prepositions indicate tools, methods, etc. Is belligerent, so please use the metaphor of war. I am loyal to my country.

It is also known by Xi. Free walk

Today, Shao Qing is a teacher who praises sages and scholars. What is the purpose, access, reliance, basis, basis and use (reliance) of Ren 'an application letter?

Table mention also don't give the capital to zhao. Biography of Lian Po Lin Xiangru

While I live by catching snakes alone. (2) Servants encounter this kind of disaster in spoken English. Because, because

Table time, place, with "Yu" in October of the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong, I also took snow, ... as for Taian. "Climbing Mount Tai" is in and from

Table object, with "and" today in Zhang Yu, Changsha, there are many waterways, which are difficult to do. the Book of the Han Dynasty

If you want to be a guest, you will die with Zhao. Peace, follow, lead, lead

If conjunctions are juxtaposed or progressive, there will be more tourists ... the trip to Baochan Mountain is time and time again.

The table accepts more than four people to enter ... "the trip to Baochan Mountain" with fire, or omit it.

The purpose of the watch is to let Shi Shuo make it. This insistence is to get a glimpse of the room. And, come, use, so

It shows that the ancients … often get something, they seek the depth of thought and find it everywhere. because

Decorative wood is thriving and spring is blooming. "Come home to Xi"

Verb ① is more beautiful than Xugong. (Think, think) 2 Loyalty is not needed, and sages are not needed. (use, reservation)

I have been sighing all night since I ordered the auxiliary word. Since the princes, there is no luxury. (indicating time, direction and scope)

Leave (1) solid blame. (2) Tired after a day. By "already", already

If there is nothing to do, what is a king? It stopped after "already".

Disyllabic function words are useless and useful.

Today's minister Xue Jichang is not easy. (2) I am afraid of people of insight in the world, and your majesty will glance at it. (3) Is Xi enough for China? Is there any way? ...

have no way out ...

Therefore, many people use books to pass the time ... "Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Dongyang" Therefore,

I think it's good to cure a disease! (think, regard or think)

Take the land of Baiyue in the south as Guilin and Xiang Jun. (Make ... as or)

13.

Prepositions introduce the reasons, basis and ways of actions and behaviors, and the waiters are aware of them. (according to, according to)

Apologize for the guests who came to Lin Xiangru Gate ... (Later, by)

1 follow the trend. (2) Because of human strength, we are heartless. (Shit, shit)

(1) is better. Please dance with the sword, because you sit repeatedly. (Seize the opportunity, make use of it)

Adverbs indicate inheritance.

Or the result is a prelude to the sword. "Battle of Red Cliffs" bowed again. Liu Yichuan

If you hold the wall, you will stand up. The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, then

Nouns have no reason at present. The reason and opportunity of peacock flying southeast.

The conjunctions were made in Yuqing Palace. No one could see them when they were cut down on the mountain to make materials. Because, because

Verbs don't know what to leave behind. On Qin's attachment, inheritance and inheritance.

14. Yu

Prepositions indicate time, place, scope, object, aspect and reason. Hongmen feast —banquet offered with ill intentions

If you die in troubled times, don't ask Wenda to be a vassal. Teacher model

People can laugh at others, but they have regrets. Travel to Baochan Mountain

If you are in the body, you will be ashamed of your teacher ... now, now, now, now, now, now, now, now, now, now, now, now, now, now, now, now, now.

The table is ice and water is it, but it is colder than water. Liang said, "I am good at being a minister." Be comparable to, surpass

Passive (1) afraid of being bullied by the king and losing Zhao ... (2) I have no time limit. pass by

complex tone

function word

Therefore, the succession or cause and effect of the preceding and following sentences is a blow to the king of Qin. Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru

Wu Zhimin was heartbroken, so he used his harsh voice, then made noise and chased each other. therefore

My father is dead, so is my father. Snake catcher theory

So all the guests changed their colors and left.

Yu Yu sighed. In that case, for this reason, therefore, from now on.

15. and

Which is the preposition, Xu Hongmei or me? (Disyllabic function words: comparison, comparison and …, which one …)

Although with government officials, the canal will never fail. (2) is based on Ping Yuanjun, with five city childe. Use, use

Conjunction connects the juxtaposed words, and the two words can be used interchangeably, so you can know the good and the bad, so you must read them specially. Huang Sheng's Theory of Borrowing Books

Mie and learn to laugh at it. Bon voyage and children

The auxiliary word "Yu",

Does Uncle Wang have any diseases or pains? Bao Zhuang meets Mencius.

Whose fault is it? What about Ji Jianggong, right?

Which is better, disyllabic function words or …? If you sit and wait for death, if you stand up, you can save it. (How about ...)

The verb jade fights a pair, wanting to fight with the father. Hongmen Banquet and Series are integrated. On Qin dynasty

The master sighed and said, "I have a point." The Analects of Confucius is for people, not for making friends.

Agree, agree

16.

The conference table continues ① and fights for wine. (2) Therefore, the wood is straight with a rope, and the gold is sharp. It's just, it's convenient,

If you don't work for us, you will be ill for a long time. (2) Those who are humble are ashamed, and those who are officials are close. as soon as...

It is shameful and confusing to show a turning point and yield to his body. However, Shi Shuo is,

Choose to die or move to the ear "snake catcher", or

Adverbs emphasize or confirm the magnificent scenery of Yueyang Tower. Yueyang Tower is, is.

When the dining table is confined to Japan and China, it is like a dish. "Two children divided into days" is just, just.

Presumably, you might as well plead guilty as naked resignation, so you can get away with it. The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru Maybe, Maybe.

17.

Structural auxiliary noun phrases destroy six countries, and six countries also destroy six countries. "Epang Palace Fu" ((of a person or thing) ...)

Attach a word or a group of words to play the role of Teton, and the third is to show jade praise. There is no translation of The Hongmen Banquet.

Xiang Zhuang sword dance, attached to the word "Shi", often refers to Pei Gong. There is no translation of The Hongmen Banquet.

Attached to the number, this number is also suffering from fighting, but Cao Cao is desperate. The Style and Sample of Battle of Red Cliffs

After this question, the table judges that the person who pauses in Chu Zuobo is also the father of Xiang. There is no translation of The Hongmen Banquet.

Attached to the topic, explain why my wife is beautiful and I am private. The reason why Zou Ji satirized the king of Qi.

The sign behind the attribute is a Ma Qianli, whether a stone has been eaten or not. Shuo Ma

Modal auxiliary words are used at the end of sentences to ask who is the king. Wang Xiang pressed his sword and said, "Who is the guest?" Don't translate

18. Wisdom

The structural auxiliary word list is more decorated than the farmers in Nanmu. On the Ah Fang Palace

Earthworms don't have the advantages of minions, but their bones and muscles are strong. Persuasive learning

If you live high in a temple, you will worry about your people. Yueyang Tower is not a translator.

Cancel the independence of sentences. The existence of Tao, the existence of teacher, is also called teacher's theory.

The fierce official came to my hometown, clamoring for something. The snake catcher's theory is not translated.

What is the sign of prepositional object? I don't know the sentences in My Humble Room, but I'm confused. What the world says does not translate.

The syllable auxiliary adjectives and adverbs are pronounced at the end, and they hold the same image. Selected Annals of Ji Xiang is not translated.

Adjust syllables. The moon rises from the east mountain. "Red Cliff Fu" is meaningless.

The substitution of pronouns for people and things, people are not born to know, there can be no doubt. Teacher theory

I wonder how wide the general is. He (they), it (they)

Where is the demonstrative pronoun second worm? "Happy Travel" This, that

Verb ①Xi goes to Wan Li and south? "Free Travel" ② I want to go to the South China Sea, go ...

Universal fixed format

Fixed format is also called fixed structure and solidified structure. Its grammatical feature is that some words with different parts of speech are condensed together and fixed into a syntactic format to express a new grammatical meaning, which is established and unchanged for a long time.

1, "Thinking" and "About ..."

(1) "Thought" can be used as a disyllabic word, which is equivalent to the verbs "Thought" and "Think" in modern Chinese. For example:

However, shallow people beat stones with axes to find out why Shi Zhongshan was named, because they thought they were named after the truth. (The Story of Shi Zhongshan)

I think Guanzhong is impregnable, and thousands of miles away from Jincheng, the descendants of emperors will have careers for generations to come. (Qin Dynasty)

(2) In the sentence pattern of "treating ……… as ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………". For example:

(1) eyeing up, a monster, also thought that god. With copper as a mirror, you can dress up well.

In the sentence pattern of "take" ... as ... ","take "is a verb which means" think "; "... for ..." is a subject-predicate phrase and serves as the object of "one". It is equivalent to "what do you think (feel)" or "what do you think (feel)" ... yes ... ". For example:

(full of guests) thought it was wonderful. ("ventriloquism")

Note: "Think of it as wonderful", that is, "Think of (it) as wonderful", and the object of "take" is omitted in the original sentence.

2. "So"

In classical Chinese, "so" is two words, among which "suo" is a special demonstrative pronoun, which is used as a preposition "one" to indicate the means, ways, tools or reasons of action. Because the preposition "one" has the function of expressing reasons and relying on others, there are roughly two solidified structures of "so":

(1) The word "take" is "because", and "so" is equivalent to "the reason of" and "the reason of" to express the reason. Such as: pro-sages, far villains, the first Han is so prosperous; You little people, far from being wise ministers, have been so depressed in the Han Dynasty ever since. ("model")

(2) When the words "take", "use" and "rely on" are used, "so" is equivalent to "means" or "use" to express means, methods, bases and tools. For example:

The minister reported to the first emperor that he was loyal to his majesty. ("Model") is a teacher, so it is also necessary to preach and teach. ("Shi Shuo")

3. If, If and If

In classical Chinese, "Ru (ruo)" and "Nai" are verbs and "He" is an interrogative pronoun. These two words are often used together to form a solidified structure. How and how to do can be translated into how, how to do, how to do or why. For example, how can we take all the money and use it as a deposit? ("The Hongmen Banquet")

If you take the word "how" (or "how to do it" or "how to do it") apart and put a noun or pronoun in the middle, you will form a solidified format for expressing doubts, which can be translated into "how how do with(take, can) ........................................................................................... Yes) ..............................................................................................................................................................................

The country can't stand it. What do you do? ("Zheng Haihan Duan")

Sometimes "how" and "how" are changed into the forms of "He Ru" and "He Ruo", which can be used as interrogative adjectives and translated into "How". For example, "What happened today?" "... what if it is more servile and more endowed? "

4. "Why …" and "Xi……"

The classical Chinese "Why ..." is also a form of expressing doubt. Where "why" means "how to use" and "for" is a modal particle. "why ... be" can be translated as "what do you want (take, use) ... to do" or "how do you need (why) ... For example, why stay at home when the Huns are immortal? Why cut it?

Nowadays, man is a knife and I am a fish. Why should I resign? ("The Hongmen Banquet") Xi takes Wan Li and the south as nine? ("Xiaoyao Tour")

5. "Why ..."

"He's expression ... you" is a rhetorical question, which is the inversion of "he". "He" is the prepositional object of the verb "You", and "Zhi" is an auxiliary word and a sign of the prepositional object. "What's there?" It can be translated as "What's there?" Or "What's there?" For example:

What does the Chiang family hate? (Zheng Boke Duan Yanyu) Kong Ziyun: "What's the matter?" ("Humble Room Ming")

Sometimes the word "Yu" is added before or after the compressed word "He You" to form the form of "You" or "He You Yu". These two forms have basically the same meaning, which can be translated as "What's going on …". For example:

Confucius said, "What's the use of studying silently, never getting tired of learning and never getting tired of teaching?" ("The Analects? Speak of ")

6. "How about ...", "It's really (really) ... yes (yes)" and "It's terrible ..."

Master Fan, what's wrong with you? (Fujian Volume of College Entrance Examination in 2004)

Jia Fan is rich, why not cancel the marriage? Or: Fan Jiafugui, why not get married?

Everyone has his own ambition, so how can I benefit from it? (Jiangsu Volume of College Entrance Examination in 2004)

Everyone has his own ambition. How can I change because of Li Lu?

"No … Tribal Tiger" was a euphemistic rhetorical question (including exploratory questions) in ancient times. The word "one" in the sentence pattern is an adverb, which can be translated as "ye"; "Hu" is an interrogative modal particle, which can be translated into "ma". You can translate "No Night …" or "No Night …" in modern Chinese. For example:

Confucius said, "It's better to keep pace with the times, isn't it? ..... "("The Analects? Peng Zu and I have known each other for a long time, and we are both horses. Aren't you sad? ("Xiaoyao Tour")

7. "Nothing (nothing) is ... almost (and, and)"

"Nothing is … almost" is an interrogative tone of euphemistic discussion, which measures a certain situation. "Wu" in the sentence pattern is an adverb with the same meaning as "Fei"; The word "nai" has no practical significance, but only plays a role in regulating syllables. "Nothing is" means "nothing", which echoes the interrogative modal particle "Hu" and can be translated as "I'm afraid (I'm afraid, probably) ...". For example:

Is innocence too much? ("Ji's General Cutting")

Is it impossible for the west to kill its ambassador? (Tianjin Volume of College Entrance Examination in 2006)

If I want him to surrender now, I'm afraid I can't kill his messenger.

Note: "Nothing is ... Hu" should not be translated with "Isn't it", because in ancient Chinese, "Nothing is ..." means euphemistic discussion tone, while "Yes" emphasizes rhetorical question.

8. "Nothing (tiny, not) ... almost (yeah)"

"No ……" is a fixed format to express doubt, which translates as "no …" or "no …". For example:

Is there anything unusual about how you feel about things? (The Story of Yueyang Tower)

However, when it is used to express speculative and speculative questions, it can be translated into "Should it be (Murphy, I'm afraid, I'm afraid) (Yes) ...". I miss you repeatedly, so there is nothing to teach me to hunt insects. ("promoting knitting")

9, "which", "... which still have ..."

The word "which" can be translated into "who" when referring to people and "which" or "which" when referring to things. For example:

Who knew that Fu Lian's poison turned out to be a snake? ("The Snake Catcher said")

People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? ("Shi Shuo") Can be tolerated, why can't it be tolerated? ("The Analects? Eight Shu ")

Another usage is that if there is a antecedent before the word "zhe", it is a word that represents people or things, and this antecedent represents the scope of the word "zhe". At this time, the word "zhe" means "choose one from two", which is equivalent to "which" or "which" in modern Chinese. Who is more beautiful, Xu Gong or me? ("Zou Ji satirizes Wang Qi's incompetence")

When the word "which is with" is used together, it is not a choice, but a comparison, which becomes a fixed format. For example:

Pei Gongping: "Who is younger than you?" ("The Hongmen Banquet")

He said to his wife, "Who am I, Xu Hongmei from the north of the city?" ("Zou Ji satirizes Wang Qi's incompetence")

Note: If "which and" is used before a noun or pronoun, it means the inquiry in comparison, and it is translated as "……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………"; Used before verbs to indicate rhetorical questions in comparison and to affirm the latter. It is translated as "... such as:

General Lian is highly praised by the public. Who is the king of Qin? (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru)

10, "It and ..."

"Which is better than" and "which is better than" such as:

Instead of killing children, that is, selling children? Which one is more adept than selling it? (children's regional biography)

Sometimes, if "and" don't appear, just use "this is if". For example, if you are a boy, which one is a boy? (children's regional biography)

1 1, "... yes (no) ... with ..."

"You" and "Wu" in "You (Wu) Yi" are both verbs (predicates), and the word "Yi" is used between another verb or adjective (predicate) and "You" and "Wu" to express association, which can be translated as "Wu" used (with) and "Lai". For example:

If you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be a river. (Encourage Learning) Wang Xiang didn't answer. ("The Hongmen Banquet")

Courtiers are hard to change today, Xue Jichang. (Hubei Volume of College Entrance Examination in 2004)

No courtier today can replace Xue Jichang.

"Enough" is used together to form a fixed format, and its meaning is similar to "Yes" and "No", which is equivalent to "Can bring" or "Enough to bring". For example, is it enough to expect the soldiers of the king to be a king? ("The Hongmen Banquet")

12, "... something (nothing) ..."

"..... I entered the customs, but Qiu didn't dare to come near. ("The Hongmen Banquet")

13, the meaning of "... also means", "... (Yi, Yi, Hu)"

In classical Chinese, especially in argumentative essays, there are often formats such as "the meaning of …", "the meaning of …" and "the meaning of …". It is often the person or thing that the author first puts forward a famous saying or an allusion, and then judges the truth or reality mentioned above.

"Yes" is the basic form of summative judgment. "Zhi" is the symbol of the verb "prediction" in the prepositional object, and this form can be translated as "you said … ah" or "this is called … ah". For example, if you know a hundred things and think you are not yourself, I call it also. ("Zhuangzi? The poem "Autumn Water" says: "A dutiful son is always like a silver spoon." What does this mean? ("Zheng Haihan Duan")