Marine Corps

The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is the oldest elite force in the world, with a total of approximately 194,000 men and women.*** With three divisions and three air wings equipped with 416 fighter aircraft, it is much larger than most countries' entire armies. Since its establishment by Directive of the Continental Congress on January 10, 1775, the Marine Corps has participated in every major U.S. battle, as well as countless "police" operations and armed mediations around the world. The Marine Corps' record is very impressive, such as the battles at Beleau Wood, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Chosin Reservoir (ChOsin) and Khe Sanh, etc., which have earned it a place in military history. Come and have a seat. It is the main combat force of the US rapid reaction force and has a long and extraordinary history.

The mission of the Marine Corps is divided into three broad areas. The main task is to maintain amphibious warfare capabilities. In addition, the Marine Corps was asked to send detachments to naval bases and major Navy warships. Finally, the Marine Corps must perform additional missions requested by the President of the United States.

Weapons and Equipment

The Marine Corps' special doctrine of unparalleled tactical advantage is the principle of emphasis on offensive operations, which can be applied to all aspects of Marine Corps activities. This trend also greatly affected the way the Marine Corps was equipped.

The Marine Corps is equipped with the AAv-7 amphibious assault vehicle, which can "swim" to the shore in waves up to 3m high. Current tactical thinking strongly advocates "vertical encirclement": using helicopters to drop marines and light armored vehicles behind the enemy's coastal defense forces. This shows the importance of the AH-IT Sea Cobra armed helicopter because it is equipped with a 2Omm cannon, rockets and towed anti-tank missiles.

The infantry company is armed with Ml6A2 rifles: M203 4omm grenade launcher; M249 squad fully automatic weapons and M60E3 general-purpose machine guns. Adopted in 1985, the M60E3 is a lighter and better version of the older M60 previously used by the Army. Support weapons include 6mm light mortars and shoulder-fired assault weapons; rocket launcher-shaped "bunker busters". Anti-tank weapons include M47 Dragon anti-tank guided missiles, AT-4 and towed missiles. The Marine Corps artillery squadron is equipped with Ml98 155mm howitzers; Ml09 self-propelled howitzers and British 105mm guns. Members within the Marine Corps requested that the M1 Abram tank be used to replace the M60A1.

The standard attack fighter of the Marine Corps is the F/A-18 Hornet, with 13 active squadrons. It is also used as a training aircraft. The Marine Corps was an early supporter of the vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/sTOL) Sea Harrier and now operates the AV-8B Sea Harrier II to perform combat/ground attack missions. There are currently about 150 such fighters in front-line units, and about 30 two-seat TAV-8A/Bs are used in pilot training missions.

Selection and Training

All members of the United States Armed Forces are now volunteers, and recruits who want to enlist in the Marine Corps can join directly. Freshmen are directly assigned to one of two training bases in San Diego, California and ParriS, South Carolina, where they need to go through the famous 11 weeks of "freshman training." Once they complete the training, they will definitely appreciate the experience, but that doesn't mean they want to do it again!

Surprisingly for its size, the Marine Corps does not have its own officer training school, although some come from the Navy's Naval Academy in Annapolis. The main source of its officers is the Navy's Reserve Officer Training (ROTc), Officer Reserve School (OCS) or platoon leadership class. All reserve officers (including those from Annapolis) were subject to rigorous selection and training.

The Marine Corps is the small army within the Navy. The Marine Corps first appeared in the age of sail. The Marine Corps at that time was a force that boarded enemy ships and engaged in hand-to-hand combat when ships were engaged in sea battles. In addition, the Marine Corps is also responsible for the security of the ship, protecting the officers on the ship and preventing sailors from mutiny.

To this day, the main mission of the Marine Corps is to launch amphibious landings on coastal areas controlled by the enemy to establish beachheads from the sea; allowing subsequent friendly forces, especially the Army, to land on land to seize enemy territory.

In the United States, the Marine Corps is not directly affiliated with the Navy, but is one of the five armed forces (the other four are: Army, Navy, Air Force and Coast Patrol). The Marine Corps is provided with transportation and ships by the Navy, but it has independent combat capabilities and its own flying force. The Commander of the Marine Corps is also directly responsible only to the Secretary of the Navy (a civilian official). In addition to amphibious assaults, the U.S. Marine Corps also has traditional responsibilities such as protecting embassies overseas, standing guard for the White House, and responsible for internal security of major ships.

On November 10, 1775, the U.S. Congress issued a decree officially creating the Marine Corps as an integral part of the U.S. Armed Forces. During the years of the American Revolution, the newly formed United States Marine Corps participated in the Bahamas Expedition and the Battle of Princeton. The naval battle with France in 1798 laid the foundation for today's U.S. Marine Corps. The United States Marine Corps participated in all of the early wars and expeditions of the United States of America. For almost the entire 19th century, Marines were deployed primarily on ships or in ports as corps detachments.

In December 1913, a Marine Corps combined brigade, a forward base unit ready for combat at any time, was born. In June 1918, during World War I, the U.S. Marine Corps made a name for themselves when they attacked Belleau Ring on the Western Front. In World War II, the Marine Corps, as the vanguard of the United States Pacific Campaign, was more familiar to everyone. After the battles of Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Iwo Jima and Okinawa, the size of the Marine Corps expanded to no less than 500,000 men, consisting of armored units, naval and air force ground support units. Because they fought bravely and tenaciously, they were nicknamed "desperate".

Since 1945, the U.S. Marine Corps has basically formed an amphibious rapid deployment force that can be mobilized at any time. Neither is Lebanon in 1958. Still in the Dominican Republic in 1965, the U.S. Marine Corps enthusiastically went there to assist the pro-Western government in quelling domestic violence and participated in some important battles. During the Korean War, the Marine Corps was the first unit of the United States to enter combat. In 1965, the Marine Corps was the first to be sent to the Vietnam battlefield. In the 1968 North Vietnamese Tet Offensive, the Marines successfully defended Hue and Khe Sanh, once again becoming legendary. After withdrawing from the Vietnam War, the number of Marines was reduced to 194,000, but they continued to show their presence to people, such as participating in the multinational peacekeeping force in Beirut in 1982, the invasion of Grenada in 1983, Marines were present in the invasion of Panama in 1989, the Gulf War in early 1991, and the peacekeeping operations in Somalia in 1993. It can be said that the Marine Corps is the vanguard of the U.S. government and an elite division of the Pentagon.

According to the U.S. Constitution, the Marine Corps is the only force in the U.S. military that can be used without congressional approval by the president. Therefore, it is not under the jurisdiction of the navy like the Marine Corps of other countries, but an independent service, and its status is even higher than other services. The Commander of the Marine Corps, like the commanders of other military services, is a member of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff and can also serve as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the highest position in the U.S. military ruling group. The Marine Corps also has its own aviation force, tank force, artillery and its own schools, etc., which is a priority in military expenditures. Therefore, it can purchase better weapons and equipment than those fielded by other services.

The U.S. Marine Corps consists of three parts: ground forces, aviation and logistics forces. "In 1993, there were 183,000 active-duty personnel of the U.S. Marine Corps, accounting for 74% of the total number of Marine Corps personnel. Among them, there were 109,000 combat troops, 44,000 support troops, and 30,000 logistics troops.

The ground force has three Marine Divisions. The 1st Marine Division is affiliated with the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force of the US Navy Pacific Fleet. It is currently stationed at Camp Pendleton, California. It is the main division of the US Marine Corps and the US military in the Pacific. The Strategic Mobile Force, the 2nd Marine Division is affiliated with the 2nd Expeditionary Force of the U.S. Navy's Atlantic Fleet Marine Corps. It is currently stationed at Camp Norfolk, Virginia. It is the main division of the U.S. Strategic Reserve and the mobile assault force of the Atlantic Fleet Marine Corps.

The 3rd Marine Division is part of the 3rd Expeditionary Force of the U.S. Navy's Pacific Fleet. It is currently stationed on the Japanese island of Okinawa and is the mobile combat force of the U.S. military in the Pacific. In addition, there is a reserve division stationed in New Orleans on the Gulf of Mexico.

The Marine Division is one of the largest ground combat divisions in the world and the only combat division in the US military that uses a three-regiment system. Each Marine Division has a division headquarters battalion and immediate detachment. The Zhifu detachment consists of a light armored vehicle battalion, a tank battalion, a reconnaissance battalion, an engineer battalion, an amphibious assault battalion and a health battalion. The combat force is three infantry regiments, and the combat support force is an artillery regiment. The total number of personnel in the division is 18,500.

The infantry regiment is composed of the regimental headquarters company and three infantry battalions. When performing tasks independently, superiors generally assign certain combat support and combat service support detachments. The artillery regiment consists of a regimental headquarters company, a target search company, and two direct support artillery battalions and two general support artillery battalions with different organizations and equipment.

The infantry battalion is composed of a headquarters company, a weapons company and three infantry companies. The weapons company is composed of company headquarters, mortar platoon, anti-tank platoon and heavy machine gun platoon. An infantry company consists of a company headquarters, a weapons platoon, and three infantry platoons. Weapons platoons are organized into machine gun platoons, mortar platoons and assault weapons squads. The infantry platoon consists of a platoon headquarters and three 13-man squads. The mission of the Marine Division is to conduct amphibious assault operations under the guidance and support of aviation and rear support forces.

The main aviation unit of the U.S. Marine Corps is the Marine Aviation Wing (attached to the Marine Division). Each air wing has 14,000 personnel. It has a headquarters under its jurisdiction. 2~3 attack aircraft and fighter aviation groups. 1~2 helicopter aviation groups and other combat and service support elements. The mission of aviation is to assist ground forces in maneuvering. Support ground forces in landing and coastal operations.

The logistics force of the U.S. Marine Corps is organized into a Service Support Group (attached to a Marine Division). Its main task is to provide various material backup support to combat troops. Equipment maintenance and medical assistance to ensure that each combat unit has a high degree of independent combat capability.

As an elite military force, in addition to sophisticated weapons and capable personnel, the quality of the personnel must also be improved. U.S. Marines are carefully selected.

The following statements are incorrect. The SEALs are a special operations force affiliated with the Navy (NAVY) and are administratively managed by the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM).

To emphasize, SEALs are a special force of the Navy (NAVY), not the Marine Corps (MARINE CORPE). The U.S. Marine Corps is an independent service, not the same as the Navy, nor a subordinate of the Navy, but a parallel service. The Marine Corps has its own special units, such as FORCE RECON.

Batalions, companies, platoons, and squads of the U.S. Marine Corps

Marine Infantry Battalion (929 people): The basic unit of the Marine Corps is the infantry battalion, and each battalion includes officers 44 people, 885 soldiers, a total of 929 people, including the battalion headquarters, three infantry companies, and an weapons company.

The battalion commander (lieutenant colonel) 4~5 majors serve as assistants, with 929/998 people in the infantry battalion, 182 people in the rifle company, 180 people in the weapons company, and 203/272 people in the battalion headquarters company.

∴Weapons of the Battalion Headquarters Company

M203 grenade launcher*17

M40A1 sniper rifle (7.62MM)*8

M82A1A Heavy sniper rifle (12.7MM)*2

M249SAW machine gun (5.56MM)*8

M240G machine gun (7.62MM)*5

MK19 machine gun (40MM )*4

Rifle Company (182 people): The main force of the infantry battalion is the rifle company, including 6 officers and 176 soldiers, a total of 182 people, including 3 rifle platoons and an weapons platoon.< /p>

Company Commander (Captain)

Rifle company 182 people, company headquarters 6 people, rifle platoon 43 people, platoon commander (lieutenant), platoon headquarters 4 people, rifle squad 13 people, rifle 4 people in the corps;

47 people in the weapons platoon, 2 people in the platoon headquarters, 22 people in the machine gun team, 7 people in the machine gun squad, 3 people in the machine gun team, 22 people in the mortar team, and light company-level mortar squad 3 people, 182 people in the rifle company, 2 people in the sabotage team.

∴Rifle company weapons

Rifle team

M16A2 assault rifle*3

M249SAW machine gun*1

Weapons Platoon

M240G machine gun*6

M224 (60MM) Mortar*3

MK153SMAW Rocket Launcher*6

Weapons Company (180 people): This company is equipped with heavy weapons that are not available in infantry companies and is used to support each rifle company. .Including 5 officers, 175 soldiers, a total of 180 people.

180 people in the weapons company, 7 people in the company headquarters, 69 people in the mortar platoon, 5 people in the platoon headquarters, 32 people in the 81MM mortar, 81MM mortar squad, 6 people;

Anti-tank platoon, 76 people, platoon headquarters, 3 people, anti-tank team, 22 people, anti-tank team, 5 people, Dragon missile team, 17 people, Dragon missile team 8 people in the missile squad;

28 people in the heavy machine gun squad, 3 in the platoon, 8 in the heavy machine gun team, and 4 in the heavy machine gun squad.

∴Weapons Company

Mortar Platoon M252 Mortar (81MM)*8

Anti-Tank Platoon

M47 Dragon ATM*24

M220E4TOW*8 (8 Humvees)

Heavy Machine Gun Platoon

M2H8 Machine Gun*6

MK19 Machine Gun (40MM)*6

Squad Unit : The squad leader is served by a level 2 sergeant or a level 3 sergeant. Each squad has three rifle teams, which can act separately or in coordination according to the combat situation, and change the team line according to the combat situation.

Infantry squad (13 people) ): This is the smallest unit of the Marine Corps, which is the rifle squad.

∴Infantry squad weapons

M203 grenade launcher*3

M249SAW machine gun*3

The amount of ammunition carried by a squad

5.56MM bullets*2,520

40MM grenades*30 rounds

Hand grenades*52 rounds

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M72A2*6 rounds

Machine gun squad (7 people): Three soldiers form a machine gun team, equipped with an M240G machine gun equipped with a bipod or tripod. The main task is to provide infantry Fire support.

81MM mortar squad (6 people): The 81MM mortar squad has 8 mortars, which can provide rifle company indirect fire.

Some other Condition.

The Marine Corps absorbed the experience of the Gulf War and launched a new Marine Division in 2001. The number of people in each division was reduced from 18,000 to 16,000. Although the number of troops was reduced, it was able to deploy troops more quickly. into high-threat theaters. In addition, each division used to have 3 infantry regiments, but now one of them is changed to a mixed-arms regiment. A general regiment includes a reconnaissance company and 3 infantry battalions, and a mixed-arms regiment is It is composed of a light armored reconnaissance company, a tank battalion and two light armored infantry battalions, and can be called an (armored regiment).

Infantry battalion, amphibious assault battalion, light armored infantry battalion, Light armored reconnaissance and search battalions, tank battalions, artillery battalions, and anti-aircraft artillery battalions are the main combat arms of the Marine Corps. Each division includes these seven arms.

However, it is rare to send division-level land combat troops to fight abroad. Usually, companies or battalions are used as units and then mixed with troops from various arms to form MAGTF. The number of battalions under the jurisdiction of the MAGTF will also change. However, MAGTF is also equipped with attack aircraft and transport helicopters of the Marine Air Wing, so it cannot be equated with land warfare.

Rangers

Among the many special forces in the United States, the Rangers (also known as commandos or commandos) are an elite force with a long history and powerful force. The Rangers, who have a glorious history and excellent traditions, perform the role of the world's police everywhere with their fearless spirit and perseverance, and have won international recognition and praise. Basically, rangers are light infantry and have nothing to do with cavalry. It can use various means of transportation to quickly enter the war zone to perform tasks, so the Rangers often complete their tasks before other special forces arrive. Just like the motto "Rangers, lead the way" that represents the spirit of the Rangers and the black beret and ribbon armband embroidered with the word RANGER, they have always been symbols of the Rangers' glory and dignity. The Rangers are ranked quite high in the world in the special forces community, ranking third in 2007, second only to Delta Force and the U.S. Army Special Forces.

Historical Origins

The origin of the Rangers can be traced back to the 1670s during the American colonial period when there were small armies using the name Rangers and tactics. At that time, in order to deal with the Indians who were good at surprise tactics, the United States formed a small reconnaissance team to patrol the areas around the settlement area to observe enemy activities and provide early warning. Because their patrol distance is called "Range", people generally call the soldiers in this team "Ranger".

The first regular ranger force was established in New Hampshire in 1756. Major Robert Rogers first organized nine companies of rangers to represent the British against the French and Indians. They widely used rapid guerrilla and reconnaissance tactics to sneak into enemy lines and attack targets, patrolling as far as 400 miles. The 19 Ranger Creeds established by Major Rogers and the tradition of wearing the black beret were formed at that time. During the American Revolution, armies in various places established Ranger units. The more famous ones include "The Corps of Rangers", a group of experienced infantrymen led by Daniel Morgan. And led by Francis Marion, who fought with Washington many times. The guerrilla group "Swamp Fox" fought alongside the army. The Rangers' bravery and prowess not only won Washington's trust, but also impressed the British. After the independence of the United States, the Army had a total of 12 companies of Rangers. The more famous Ranger unit at that time was the cavalry unit led by Colonel John S. Mosby of the Confederate Army. They used small team tactics to quickly attack the Northern Army's outposts or important strongholds. Regardless of the Revolution of Independence and the Civil War, the U.S. Army had recognized the Rangers. Importance to the war. The tactics and military ideas used at that time also formed the basis of today's Ranger combat doctrine.

Rise: World War II

May 26, 1942. In the European Theater of World War II, Major General Lucian K. Truscott wanted to establish a US military unit that could fight alongside British commandos. In addition, in order to highlight the American characteristics, this unit was named "Ranger" and was composed of Led by Major William O. Darby. The 1st Ranger Battalion was officially born in Northern Ireland on June 19, 1942. Most of the soldiers came from the 1st Armored Division and the 34th Infantry Division, and received battlefield survival and training at the Scottish Commando Training Center. Amphibious landing training. About a month later, 44 Rangers and 5 officers joined forces with Canadian and British commandos to participate in the Battle of Dieppe Raid, becoming the first U.S. military unit in Europe to fight the Germans. Battalion Commander Darby was later promoted to lieutenant colonel. He also led the Ranger battalion deep into North Africa, performing infiltration and sabotage missions in Albania and Tunisia, and served as a pioneer for the infantry division. Not only did he receive praise from the president for his brilliant results, but the Rangers were gradually expanded to the 1st Battalion. The 3rd and 4th Ranger Battalions were combined with Army chemical, engineer, artillery and other units to form the 6615 Ranger Force, which continued to be led by Darby.

During 1943, the 6615th Ranger Unit achieved brilliant results in the Italian theater.

The most famous battle of the Rangers during World War II was the 2nd and 5th Battalions participating in the Normandy landings. The main forces involved in the Normandy landings on D-Day in 1944 were the 7th and 5th Army Corps of the US Army, with the Rangers belonging to the 5th Army Corps. The main force of the 5th Army is the 29th Infantry Division, with the 1st Infantry Division on the right wing and the 'Provisional Ranger Group' consisting of the 2nd and 5th Ranger Regiments on the left wing. Most people think that the characteristics of the American infantry in World War II were young, highly educated, and generally lacking in combat experience, but for the Rangers, the battlefield is where they can demonstrate their skills. On the day of landing, the U.S. Army encountered a fierce attack by the German 352nd Infantry Division. When other infantry were suppressed by fire and unable to advance, the highly trained Rangers quickly broke through the defense line without fear of life or death. Although the casualties were extremely heavy, for example, the 70-man C Company of the 2nd Battalion (the background of the movie Saving Private Ryan) suffered 58 casualties after landing and the entire company was disbanded. However, the Rangers' bravery and skill in fighting not only impressed the infantrymen of the 29th Division fighting side by side, but also won the praise of General Norman D. Cota, the deputy commander of the 29th Division, who left an immortal saying of wisdom: "Ranger, lead the way." )!".

After the war, the six Ranger battalions were also disbanded. Other lesser-known Ranger units from World War II include the 29th Ranger Regiment from the 29th Infantry Division and the 5307th Composite Detachment code-named "MERRILL'S MARAUDERS" in the Burma Theater. Among them, the 5307th Mixed Detachment, led by Brigadier General Frank D. Merrill, was the U.S. Military Mai Detachment in the Kuomintang Army at that time. It fought side by side with the New 38th Division of the Kuomintang Army led by General Sun Liren of the Kuomintang, as well as the New 22nd Division, the New 30th Division and the 50th Division. They went deep into the jungles of Myanmar and repelled the Japanese 18th Division that attempted to attack China from the southwest, leaving a glorious page in the history of our country's anti-Japanese war. The 5307th Mixed Detachment was reorganized into the 75th Infantry Regiment in 1954, the predecessor of the 75th Ranger Regiment.

Korean War

The biggest change in the Rangers during the Korean War was their airborne capabilities, and their combat organization was very different from that of World War II. During World War II, the Ranger battalions fought independently. During the Korean War, each Ranger company with a strength of 112 men was assigned to an infantry division with a strength of 18,000 men and served as the vanguard of each division. During the operations of each division, the Rangers are responsible for such tasks as cover, reconnaissance, interdiction or assault. In 1950, the Army appointed Colonel John Gibson Van Houten to select a group of Ranger candidates for training at Fort Benning, Georgia. Most of the soldiers came from the 82nd Airborne Division. The training time is mostly conducted at night, and the training subjects include light weapons operation, night parachuting, amphibious landing, demolition and combat, etc., and every soldier must be familiar with the terrain of North Korea. The first batch of trained 1st Ranger Airborne Company arrived in South Korea on December 17, 1950, and was incorporated into the 2nd Infantry Division. Immediately afterwards, the 2nd and 4th Ranger Companies successively joined the theater, the 2nd Company was incorporated into the 7th Infantry Division, and the 4th Company was under the jurisdiction of the 9th Army Department and the 1st Cavalry Division. From 1950 to 1951, various Ranger companies entered the battlefield one after another. They used sea, land and air amphibious methods to penetrate deep into our territory and constantly harassed the rear of our Chinese People's Volunteers and Korean People's Army. With the end of the Korean War, all Ranger companies also Decode each.

Vietnam War

The 75th Infantry Regiment, which has long-range reconnaissance capabilities, was established in Okinawa in 1954. It was adapted from the 475th Infantry Regiment. The predecessor of the 475th Infantry Regiment was the famous 5403rd Mixed Detachment during World War II. On February 1, 1969, long-range reconnaissance companies from the nine infantry divisions and the Indiana National Guard's long-range reconnaissance company that had joined in Vietnam were transferred to the 75th Infantry Regiment and became the 13th Ranger Company. The Rangers during the Vietnam War were very different from those in the past, including the selection of soldiers from various army units, training in Vietnam, and the division of combat responsibility areas between units during combat. From selection, training to operations, they are all under the unified command of grassroots leading cadres and are no longer controlled by senior central officials.

Different from the passive offensive of ordinary infantry, Rangers often take the initiative in groups of 6 or even 2. They use airdrops from aircraft, rappels from helicopters, or use vehicles, speedboats, and walking to penetrate deep into areas behind enemy lines. In addition to enemy reconnaissance or assault operations, they also penetrated enemy areas to conduct damage assessment of B-52 bombers during the "Arc Light" bombing operation. Due to the outstanding performance of the Rangers in the Vietnam War, U.S. Army Chief of Staff Creighton Abrams later changed the 75th Infantry Regiment into the permanent 75th Ranger Regiment, becoming the first permanent ranger unit of the U.S. Army.

Transformation

In the history of American war, the Rangers have always been a commando unit born in response to wars. Therefore, with the end of the Vietnam War, the Ranger troops could not escape the fate of disbandment. However, in 1974, Army Chief of Staff General Creighton Abrams believed that a permanent Ranger force should be established to respond to changing international emergencies. As a result, the 1st and 2nd Ranger Battalions were established in Georgia, with the 1st Battalion stationed at Hunter Army Air Base in Georgia, and the 2nd Battalion at Fort Lewis, Washington State.

Selection and training

As early as the Korean War, the Rangers had specialized training institutions. Nowadays, in addition to the Ranger training department set up in the Army Infantry School, the Rangers also have their own training brigade and four Ranger training camps. In addition to developing long-range surveillance (LRS) and infantry combat leadership talents and training ranger units, it also trains foreign soldiers and government personnel, including Taiwanese officers who went to the United States for training. Unlike the Army Special Forces, the Rangers do not recruit female soldiers. Most of their soldiers come from volunteers from various units of the Army, and a small number of other soldiers are from other services and foreign soldiers. First of all, volunteers participating in the selection must be physically and mentally healthy and have no bad records. They must pass airborne training before they can participate in the selection of Rangers. In the 10 weeks of selection and training, the average elimination rate exceeded 60%. The process and content are as follows:

1. Ranger basic training:

Each candidate is in the Georgia class After completing the registration process at the Rogers Camp of the Ranger Training Brigade in Fort Ninh, they went to the Darby Camp located in the forests of North Carolina to accept the selection. In addition to long-distance running, the selection content also requires enduring hunger, cold, and exhausting battlefield life experience in harsh environments. Those who cannot accept it will be eliminated. Next is the important "Ranger Assessment Phase (RAP)", the selection and training subjects are roughly as follows: Army Physical Training Test: Pass push-ups for 2 minutes and 52 times, sit-ups for 2 minutes and 62 times, 14 minutes and 55 seconds Complete the Army Physical Fitness Test standards of a 2-mile run and 6 reps on the horizontal bar within 1 hour.

Water Combat and Survival Test: Comparing with the test standards of the Navy SEALs, trainees need to complete a test of swimming 15 meters in full gear, then discarding their weapons and equipment and returning to the shore. There is also a test of completing a 3-meter dive while blindfolded, and then taking off the blindfold and swimming back to the shore. If you lose any equipment in the above test, or show any signs of fear or withdrawal, you will be eliminated.

Students who pass the preliminary selection will be included in the 4th Ranger Training Battalion for training. In addition to continuing to improve physical fitness requirements, there are also the following training subjects:

11 Ranger Stakes courses: The content is to learn the elements, performance, operation and maintenance of various light weapons and explosives.

20 Darby Queen courses: The content is to learn to overcome various obstacles.

March course: Contents include map use, orientation determination and day and night marching training.

Students who pass all the tests will jump into a facility anonymously called the Victory Pool to complete the confidence-building course. The purpose is to cultivate high morale and a spirit of mutual support. At this stage, the selection of RAP has also ended. . The final phase of training includes helicopter rappelling, wilderness survival, leadership development, and Ranger assault exercises. Among them, the Ranger Assault Exercise can be said to be the general acceptance of basic training. The trainees will wear the Laser Simulation Combat System (MILES) to experience war life, and even captured trainees will be tortured to let the trainees learn survival skills on the battlefield. .

2. Mountain training:

Students who pass basic training will go to the 5th Ranger Training Battalion in Dahlonega for training. The trainees will receive high-risk mountain warfare training in the Yonah Mountains, the highest peak in Georgia.

In addition to continuing to require physical fitness, students need to endure the cold climate of the mountains and train day and night. The content is:

Terrain transcendence: First, students need to learn various rope knotting methods to use in climbing , Assault suspension bridge construction and various rappelling techniques. Students learn to overcome various difficult terrains day and night, and a little carelessness can cause casualties.

Mountain skydiving drill: train students to land safely and accurately in the woods and reach their destination quickly. Because mountain training is extremely dangerous, many students are often injured during training, so more than 10% of students are usually eliminated.

3. Jungle low-lying training:

The trainees then went to the 6th Ranger Training Battalion at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida to receive jungle low-lying training. In the primitive jungle full of poisonous snake swamps, students must survive and fight here. The content is: Animal and plant identification training: Understanding various animals and plants is a required course for survival in the wild. Students learn how to avoid venomous snakes and beasts in the jungle and survive in the jungle.

Guerrilla tactics training: train students on how to infiltrate enemy camps to complete tasks and use tactics in the jungle. Students learn how to swim and land in the swamp and how to operate small boats.

Comprehensive combat exercise: All trainees were fully armed in the dark and marched from Santa Rosa Island to the Gulf of Mexico to fight imaginary enemies. Students who cannot reach their destination will be eliminated.

4. Summary test:

Finally, in accordance with the Army Physical Training Test and Ranger Obstacle Course Standards, trainees need to pass 12 physical and technical tests. Students who pass the test will wear a black beret and Ranger streamer armband and officially become a member of the Rangers.

The Rangers work an average of five days a week, and they train continuously when they are not assigned tasks. On average, urban warfare drills are conducted once every six months. At least once a year, large-scale exercises are held in mountains, jungles or deserts. And there will be at least two cold area and amphibious training every three years.

The 75th Ranger Regiment currently has about 2,000 soldiers. It is affiliated with the U.S. Army Special Operations Command and has 3 battalions under its jurisdiction. Its establishment and location are as follows: Regimental Headquarters and Regimental Company: Fort Benning, Georgia. 1st Ranger Battalion: Hunter Army Air Base, Georgia. 2nd Ranger Battalion: Fort Louis, Washington. 3rd Ranger Battalion: Fort Benning, Georgia. Each battalion has a strength of 580 people, including the battalion headquarters, battalion headquarters company and 3 infantry companies. An infantry company has 3 infantry platoons with approximately 152 people and 1 weapons platoon with approximately 22 people. An infantry platoon has three infantry squads and one machine gun squad. Each shift has one medical soldier. The battalion headquarters company includes supply, communications, medical and staff units.

Active weapons and armor

Rangers are light infantry, so they are not equipped with many weapons and armor. Their commonly used equipment is as follows: M16A2 rifle, M4A1 rifle, M203 grenade launcher, M249 Squad machine gun, M82A1 .50 caliber sniper rifle, M9 pistol, 84mmRAWS Ranger anti-armor weapon, M224 60mm mortar, M-23 mortar ballistic computer, AN/PVS-7b night vision goggles, GPS global satellite locator , BDU jungle camouflage uniform, M65 jungle camouflage jacket, P.A.S.G.T. Kevlar helmet, M12 holster, M40/42 gas mask, LBV tactical vest, AN/PRC-126/127 individual radio, M19/22 telescope.