a brief introduction of Zhu Dongrun
Zhu Dongrun (1896-1988) is a famous contemporary biographer, literary critic, literary historian, educator and calligrapher. Formerly known as Zhu Shiqun, a native of Taixing County, he was a descendant of Zhu Yifeng, a Dutch invader, who was the governor and inspector of Fujian in the Ming Dynasty.
Mr. Zhu Dongrun lost his family when he was a child. In 197, he was sponsored by his clan and enrolled in the primary school attached to Nanyang Public School. In 191, Tang Wenzhi, the supervisor of Shanghai Nanyang Public College, sponsored him to enter middle school because of his excellent grades and hard work. Since then, he has dropped out of school because of his poor family and the interruption of funding. During the Revolution of 1911, Mr. Zhu Dongrun's third brother was killed by the Qing army for taking part in an armed uprising against the Qing dynasty. The death of the third brother touched Mr. Zhu Dongrun very much. Throughout his life, he held the aim of loving the country and the people, opposing autocracy and pursuing democracy. In the autumn of 1913, Mr. Zhu Dongrun joined the thrifty society in Britain to study in Britain, and the following year he went to southwestern college, London to study, and engaged in translation after school to save tuition. At the beginning of 1916, Mr. Zhu Dongrun gave up his studies and resolutely returned to China to take part in the struggle against Yuan Shikai's restoration as emperor. In the autumn of 1917, Mr. Zhu Dongrun applied to teach in Guangxi Provincial No.2 Middle School and began his teaching career for more than 7 years. In 1919, Mr Zhu Dongrun returned to Jiangnan and became a teacher in Nantong Normal School. In 1929, he became a special lecturer of Wuhan University, and was entrusted by Mr. Wen Yiduo to offer a course on the history of China literary criticism. Later, he was promoted to associate professor and professor. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he reluctantly abandoned his wife and children, angrily left the occupied homeland, bypassed Southeast Asia and went to the southwest to fight for the survival of the nation. In August 1942, he served as a professor at Chongqing Central University. In the summer of 1947, he taught at Wuxi National Studies College and later served as a professor at Jiangnan University. Professor cheeloo university was appointed in the spring of 1951, and in the autumn of the same year, he was appointed as a professor at Hujiang University.
In p>1952, when the departments of national colleges and universities were adjusted, Mr. Zhu Dongrun was transferred to the Chinese Department of Fudan University as a professor, and since 1957, he has been the head of the Chinese Department of Fudan University. After liberation, Mr. Zhu Dongrun devoted himself to the cultural and educational undertakings of the motherland with unprecedented enthusiasm. During the "Cultural Revolution", he experienced inhuman hardships, and his beloved wife, Mrs. Zou Lianfang, died because of being implicated, but Mr. Zhu Dongrun faced the coercion of evil forces with pride and refused to yield. After the downfall of the Gang of Four, in May 1979, Mr. Zhu Dongrun joined the China * * * Producer Party at the age of 83, which showed his loyal belief in * * * productism, integrity, morality and taking the world as his responsibility, and embodied his spirit of pursuing truth and paying attention to science.
In p>1981, Mr. Zhu Dongrun was hired as a doctoral tutor by the State Council Academic Degrees Committee. He has also served as a member of the first academic evaluation group of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee, a member of the planning group of ancient books in the State Council, a director of the Chinese Writers Association, an honorary president of the Shanghai Classical Literature Society, a director of the Shanghai Center of the International Pen Club, and an editor-in-chief of the Series on Chinese Literature and History.
Mr. Zhu Dongrun died in 1988 at the age of 93.
Zhu Dongrun's Outline of the History of China's Literary Criticism is one of the earliest monographs on the history of literary criticism, and it is an influential foundation work in the pioneering period of this discipline. He has written nearly 1 biographies, which promoted the development of Chinese biographical literature and was one of the pioneers of modern Chinese biographical literature.
Zhu Dongrun's life story
Zhu Dongrun (1896-1988), formerly known as Shi Qin, was born in Taixing, Jiangsu Province, and was an expert in China ancient literature and various literary styles. Mr Zhu Dongrun is not only one of the founders of the history of literary criticism in China, but also a pioneer of modern biographical literature in China.
Zhu Dongrun is deeply attached to his wife
Zhu Dongrun is a famous biographical historian in China. He has written influential biographies such as Zhang Juzheng Biography, Wang Shouren Biography, Lu You Biography and Mei Yaochen Biography. Zhu Dongrun not only describes the lives of famous historical figures through his works, but also shows the changes of history and times through these characters' stories. He is called the first person to truly explore the field of modern biographical literature in China. However, among Zhu Dongrun's few well-organized biographies, one is not about historical celebrities, and it is The Biography of Li Fangzhou. The Biography of Li Fangzhou is a rare work in the biographical history of China, which has written a book for ordinary housewives in China. Even Li Fangzhou has no one in history. Her prototype is actually Zou Lianfang, the wife of Zhu Dongrun who has been married for 49 years.
In p>192, Zhu Dongrun, a 23-year-old English teacher in Nantong Middle School, was arranged by his family to marry Zou Lianfang, who was four years younger than him. After the marriage, he showed great affection for Zou Lianfang. They gave birth to four sons and three daughters, and the family lived happily.
Shortly after the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in p>1937, Zhu Dongrun was transferred to teach in a university in Sichuan. After eight years of anti-Japanese war, Zhu Dongrun and Zou Lianfang separated for eight years. For eight years, Zou Lianfang managed the family affairs alone. When the bomb of the Japanese plane fell, she told the whole family to hide under the bed of the room and not to go out, but she ran in and out with courage. When the price rises and the currency depreciates, she buys a lot of materials in advance, and then takes them out to exchange things when it is difficult. Some people thought she was working too hard and advised her to give her children to Zhu Dongrun in Sichuan. She was afraid of an accident on the road and didn't listen. It was not until the end of the Anti-Japanese War that she asked her eldest daughter Zhu Shuyu to carry a bucket of crab oil that she had boiled to visit Zhu Dongrun in Sichuan, and she melted all her affection into this bucket of crab oil.
During the war, people were inevitably uneasy. Zhu Dongrun's friends and other college teachers, unable to bear the long-term loneliness, jumped out of the cage of arranged marriage and resumed their strings in Sichuan, but Zhu Dongrun's feelings for Zou Lianfang remained unchanged. During eight years, he often exchanged letters with Zou Lianfang to send acacia. Later, in the Biography of Li Fangzhou, Zhu Dongrun expressed his yearning for his wife with poems: the mirror was fragrant in the autumn, and the book was late when he was guarding the building. I hope he will live a new life and look after moths and eyebrows all his life. In the reality of China at that time, men could pursue another happiness again, but it was almost impossible for women. He thought that since one person wanted to pursue happiness, another person also had the freedom to pursue happiness, why not join hands to pursue happiness?
In p>1946, Zhu Dongrun returned to Zou Lianfang's side, and the family was finally reunited. Shortly after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Zhu Dongrun was transferred to Fudan University as a professor of Chinese literature, and the family lived a happy life for three generations. In the early 196s, Zhu Dongrun took part in a condolence group to visit the construction workers in the northwest. He kept writing letters to Zou Lianfang, so that Zou Lianfang, who had never been far away in his life, could share his novel feelings in the northwest. He painted all the costumes of ethnic minorities he saw in the northwest, sent them to Zou Lianfang, and kept telling her what was going on outside.
In the autumn of p>1965, Zhu Dongrun, who was nearly 7 years old, took Zou Lianfang to visit the ancient garden in Nanxiang to celebrate his rare birthday, but Zhu Dongrun never imagined that this trip would be the last trip with Zou Lianfang in his lifetime. In 1966, the vigorous "Cultural Revolution" storm quickly swept across the country, and Fudan University was no exception. Zhu Dongrun was first designated as a reactionary academic authority, and criticism and struggle immediately became the whole of his daily life. The school student came, made him kneel on the washboard, put a Japanese machete around his neck and asked him to admit that he was ghostly. The stubborn old man would never lower his head, while the strong-willed wife did things that ordinary people can't imagine. A poster written by Zou Lianfang appeared in the middle of the poster criticizing Zhu Dongrun in Fudan University. Zou Lianfang grievances for Zhu Dongrun, grievances for him, and struggles for him. In the posters, she recounted how Zhu Dongrun worked hard and selflessly, and didn't think about his own business at all. He was a good man. People shouldn't treat Zou Lianfang like this. It was naive to see things. In that era when right and wrong were reversed, her practice was undoubtedly a fire. After liberation, Zou Lianfang volunteered to help the government set up sewing classes, which solved some people's employment problems. Later, she set up a staff canteen in Fudan University and worked hard. However, during the Cultural Revolution, her former behaviors were immediately defined as exploitation, and she immediately became the focus of criticism.
Zou Lianfang, who has a strong personality, has never bowed to difficulties in her long life. In 193, the eldest son Junda died of illness, and she gritted her teeth to survive the loss of her son. In 1948, her second daughter Xiuruo died of illness and she persisted. In the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War, she was omnipotent and fearless in taking care of the family affairs alone, because behind all this, Zhu Dongrun's consistent love gave her great encouragement and support, letting her know that there was hope when there was love, but this time Zhu Dongrun could not even save herself, and Zou Lianfang began to feel desperate, and she had the idea of suicide. Zhu Dongrun tried every means to encourage her, but he had to go to school every day to accept a whole day's criticism. There was no way to take care of Zou Lianfang, his son had to go to work during the day, and his grandchildren had already settled in the countryside. She felt lonely at home alone, hopeless and scared, so she chose that road. On the afternoon of November 3, 1968, Zou Lianfang hanged himself at home. All she left Zhu Dongrun was a note that read: Dong Run, I left first, and the money was in my pocket.
At 6 o'clock in the evening, 72-year-old Zhu Dongrun dragged his tired body home and saw his youngest son Junmai waiting for him on the road. Junmai took Zhu Dongrun from Handan Road to Guoqing Road, from siping road to Guoquan Road, and finally returned to Guonian Road's dormitory. Junmai said to Zhu Dongrun, "Be calm", and Zhu Dongrun immediately understood what had happened. Zou Lianfang is gone forever, and this year is only one year away from her 5-year golden wedding with Zhu Dongrun. Zhu Dongrun was so thin that he lost his shape, and his throat became hoarse and he could not speak. The blow of losing Zou Lianfang has been pestering him for five years, and then he will be slightly relieved.
Zou Lianfang's body was cremated in a hurry. Because she committed suicide, her ashes were not allowed to be kept, and Zhu Dongrun didn't even have the right to go to the crematorium to see Zou Lianfang for the last time. On the second day after Zou Lianfang was cremated, a criticism meeting was held in the lane to criticize Zou Lianfang's exploitation and suicide. Zhu Dongrun described this in his autobiography: After 5 years of husband and wife, I shed tears because I was far away, but after her death, I had no tears, so I just smiled. From that day on, I have experienced many hardships until today, but I have never shed tears. Zhu Dongrun said that the spring of his life is gone forever, and there will be no more spring.
the voice and smile of his wife before her death often come to my eyes. Her innocence and courage, simplicity and kindness are the noble qualities of countless ordinary housewives in China who silently devote their lives to love and family. So lonely and stubborn Zhu Dongrun, regardless of the danger of being raided at any time, began to make a biography for his dead wife. Forced by the situation, he adopted the method of using an assumed name, and the Biography of Li Fangzhou was born. The end of Biography of Li Fangzhou did not stop at Zou Lianfang's death, but stayed at Zhu Dongrun's 7th birthday in 1965 and Zou Lianfang's trip to Nanxiang Ancient Garden, which was their last trip together. "Recalling the past and the beginning of your life, I got off the bus three times and was beautiful. If you are born, you will die in the same cave, just like the bright sun and the sky. I claim that my life will always be protected, but I'm afraid I will destroy the wind and smoke overnight. Whoo! Although this body is making up for it, it is like a spring to the old gentleman. " Zhu Dongrun ended the Biography of Li Fangzhou with his poems, and also found a place for his feelings with Zou Lianfang.
Half a century of love still failed to withstand the political storm, but Zhu Dongrun left an unusual biography in the storm. This book records Zou Lianfang's hard life, and also entrusts Zhu Dongrun's infinite memory of his beloved wife. In January 1979, Fudan University held a meeting to rehabilitate Zou Lianfang. When the funeral music sounded, everyone cried, but Zhu Dongrun was awed, because he knew that Zou Lianfang could not hear or see all this.
Zhu Dongrun's main work
On China's Literary Criticism
Selected Notes of Zuo Zhuan by Shanghai Kaiming Bookstore in the Republic of China 36
Shanghai Classical Literature Publishing House 1956
Outline of the History of China's Literary Criticism Shanghai Classical Literature Publishing House 1957
Research on Lu You
Selected Works of Lu You by Zhonghua Book Company 1961 (Lu You) Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1979
On Chinese Literature and History, edited by Zhu Dongrun and Qian Bocheng; Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1962
Biography of Lu You, Shanghai Ancient Books 1979; Hainan Publishing House 1993
Biography of Mei Yaochen, Zhonghua Book Company 1979
Selected Poems of Mei Yaochen (Song), written by Mei Yaochen and selected by Zhu Dongrun. People's Literature Publishing House, 198
Selected Literary Works of China in Past Dynasties
Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1979-198
Annotation of Mei Yaochen Ji Nian (Song Dynasty), written by Mei Yaochen and annotated by Zhu Dongrun, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 198
Selected Literary Works of China in Past Dynasties (abridged edition) Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1981
On Du Fu's Narrative People's Literature Publishing House 1981
Exploring the Causes of Three Hundred Poems
Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1981
The Great Biography of Zhang Juzheng, Wuhan Hubei People's Publishing House 1981, Tianjin Baihua Literature and Art Publishing House 2
On China Literature
Zhonghua Book Company 1983
Chen Zilong and His Times
Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1984
General College Chinese
Fudan University 1985
Dictionary of Ancient Chinese Appreciation, edited by Wu Gongzheng, written by Ye Shengtao and Zhu Dongrun. Nanjing Jiangsu Literature and Art Publishing House 1987
Biography of Zhang Juzheng Hainan Publishing House 1993
Biography of Li Fangzhou Shanghai Far East Publishing House 1996
Textual Research on Historical Records East China Normal University Publishing House 1996
Appreciation of Calligraphy
The composition (based on Mr. Zhu Dongrun's famous words, background and materials) on the subject of reading and being a man must not be found online. About 15 words
Grandpa Zhu Dongrun is a great writer, literary historian, calligrapher and educator.
Stepping into the high threshold of the gate, you will see the quadrangle where Grandpa lived. We stood in a small front yard, in front of which were several bungalows. There is also a lawn on the side of the front yard against the wall, on which a small bamboo forest and several weather-beaten trees are planted. A clean bedroom, especially the study, is a long bookcase filled with books that Grandpa has rummaged through for countless times. It is still neat without any clutter.
There are a series of figures about Grandpa Zhu Dongrun, which are "one", "two", "three" and "four". "One" refers to a person, and this person is a well-known grandfather Zhu Dongrun. On December 4th, 1896, Grandpa Zhu Dongrun came here. "Two" refers to two famous sayings of Grandpa Zhu Dongrun: 1. One cannot be arrogant, but one cannot be without pride. 2. A scholar has two major events in his life: being a man and learning. Being a man is always the first, and people's talents are high and low, but being a man can't be sloppy. No matter how good a person's article is, his character is not good enough, so it is not good enough. "Three" means that Grandpa Zhu Dongrun loves the motherland, the Party and his hometown. Grandpa's affectionate feelings of loving his hometown are touching and touching, like mountains and seas. "Four" are four stories, one of which tells the story of the first batch of "bourgeois reactionaries" by Grandpa at Fudan University in the early days of the Cultural Revolution.
Chrysanthemum is one of the three most famous flowers in China and one of the four gentlemen among flowers. Meiju, one of the four cut