Four Articles of the Liberal Party Covenant. For example, Nishimoto retired to supervise the repair, and Ueda Tomoko edited: Free Party History, Volume I, pp. 457-458, Wuchelou, 19 10. . Article 1: Our party is composed of people who advocate expanding the freedom of the Japanese people and safeguarding their rights. Second: our party affairs aim at promoting the progress of the country and the happiness of the people. Third: our party believes that our Japanese nationals should enjoy the same rights. Fourthly, our party thinks that Japan's constitutionalism is appropriate. Less than twenty years after the great imperial edict promulgated by Congress was issued, Ban Yuan was able to lead the establishment of this big political party, the Liberal Party, and immediately launched political activities. You can imagine how famous it was at that time. Ban Yuan's becoming the Prime Minister of the Liberal Party is widely regarded as promoting freedom and civil rights. 1On April 6th, 882, on the way of lobbying in Tokaido, he entered the foot of Jin Huashan in the suburb of Gifu and gave a speech in front of more than 300 people in Shinto Middle School that night. When he finished speaking and went to the porch, a strong man shouted traitor and stabbed Banyuan in the chest with a white blade. Half a yuan turned over and fought with him, injuring his left cheek and right hand. Fortunately, the apprentice came after him and arrested the fierce man. Banyuan's proteges all thought that this was an assassin from a government party, and they told a quiet story about Banyuan, singing that Banyuan was dead and free.
The fierce Han who yelled at the traitor and assassinated Banyuan was a 28-year-old primary school teacher, Shang Yuan. Born in Aichi Prefecture, he loves history at home and abroad, admires Wen Tianxiang, is filial to his parents, and is determined to serve the country. He is convinced that Banyuan is a traitor. At that time, Japanese people's views on Banyuan, on the one hand, regarded it as a respectable person of freedom and civil rights, on the other hand, regarded it as a * * * and party leader who undermined the state system, which was really mixed. And this assassin, who believes in freedom and civil rights, is a traitor who disobeys your orders and rushes into extreme disloyalty and disloyalty, because the Japanese empire must slaughter the thief Liberal Party. In his suicide note to his parents, he said: Our son's ambition to fight for the king is irresistible, but Ban Yuan, a traitor who overthrew the country, violated the national law, but he could not be filial to his parents. The crime of unfilial is beyond words. But the son has repeatedly worried adults that it is better to have this unfilial son than nothing. The son nodded tearfully.
The news of Banhara's assassination was a big news in Japanese political circles at that time, so newspapers rushed to report Banhara's experience. In order to increase the effect of news reporting, the newspaper drew pictures and rendered them. One of them describes the arrogance of the assassin of Ban Yuan at that time, and said that Ban Yuan was free and immortal even though he was dead. Later, after repeated dissemination, this sad drama played a very high dramatic effect. Although Banyuan died without regret, it became a famous saying in Japan. But the truth of the matter is probably polished by reporters. There is a saying that this famous saying was not called by Ban Yuan's assassin, but was said by Ban Yuan's protege to stop the riot when he fell down in his hospital bed. There is also a saying that the famous saying was not called by Banyuan himself, but by one of his students, Naito Ruiyi, who thought that the Prime Minister's calling such a thing would get greater publicity effect. In any case, although semi-original died, it became a famous saying in the history of Japan's freedom and civil rights movement, such as "One Hundred Years of Japan", volume 9,89? 95 pages, Zhu Mo Studies, 1967. Dai was quoted before: On the Day, which translated the death of half a garden into the death of half a garden (42 pages) and should be translated into the death of half a garden. Whether this mistake is a typo or a clerical error by Mr. Dai is unknown, but it should be corrected.
On the second day after Banyuan was hit by the disaster, Yamagata Aritomo, the Senate, told Emperor Meiji about it, so the court issued an imperial edict to express condolences and presented gold and 300 yuan. In Free party member, some people think that the assassin was sent by the vassal government, so sending envoys is the appeasement policy of the government, and the prime minister should resolutely apologize. However, as soon as Banyuan heard that the special envoy was coming, he lifted his sore hands from the bed and sat down. He said to his party member, "This is great good news. I can't thank you enough for your kindness!" At this time, Banyuan shed two lines of tears and expressed his sincere intention. party member, who gathered around Banyuan, saw his diligent appearance and silently separated one by one. Japan's freedom and civil rights movement can be divided into upper-class civil rights theory and lower-class civil rights theory. The mainstream school, such as Banyuan retreat, advocates that only gentry, rich peasants and wealthy businessmen can participate in the political power when organizing patriotic communist party, which belongs to the upper theory of civil rights. On the other hand, Oikentaro and others advocated universal suffrage from the beginning, and all the people in the country have the right to participate in the political power, so it belongs to the obscene theory of civil rights. As a result of the establishment of the Liberal Party, the freedom and civil rights movement degenerated from the political movement of the gentry, joined the class of rich peasants and handicraft factory owners, and even middle peasants or poor peasants, and took the form of a national movement. But before long, mainstream schools such as Banyuan began to compromise with bureaucrats, and the obscene civil rights theory also tended to the socialist movement.
1In the autumn of 882, Banyuan was assassinated. It is said that the Prime Minister of the Liberal Party was bought by the government and used government funds to travel abroad. At that time, party member Liberal Party and public opinion criticized his overseas funding sources. Despite party member's opposition, Banyuan wandered abroad and exchanged views with Ito Bowen and Saionji Kinmochi, who were inspecting constitutionalism in Europe at that time, on drafting the Constitution of the Great Japanese Empire. I also met Hugo, the author of Les Miserables, in France.
At the end of the Liberal Party, Guang Chonggong, Machang Zhu Chen and other cadres opposed Ban Yuan's going abroad and quit the Party in succession. Farmers, other small producers and citizen workers under the influence of the Liberal Party were also disappointed with Ban Yuan's going abroad, so they took independent actions. Launching anti-government movements in China, such as Fukushima incident, Takada incident, gabor incident, Osaka incident, etc. , and constantly improve the arrogance of overthrowing the vassal government. On the government side, libel laws, assembly regulations and publication regulations have also been used to strengthen the prohibition and restriction of freedom of speech and assembly, thus forming the era of political parties suffering. After coming back from Europe, Banyuan strongly advocated expanding the navy. 1884, he dissolved the liberal party in the case of betraying his family. In the party's liberation speech, Ban Yuan quoted the story that Ma Yuan, an old general of the Han Dynasty, straddled the saddle to show that he could ride a horse alive to the letter. However, he went on to say: life and death are impermanent, and the day is unpredictable. If you are as strong as others, why bother? If you die, please bury me in the autumn grass. History of Free Party History, Volume 2, pp. 287-289. The life of the Liberal Party ended only after three years, and Banyuan later crossed the ocean to his hometown Kochi. 1884 after the dissolution of the liberal party, the political life of Banyuan's resignation basically ended, and the "Banyuan Gong Salvation" circulating among farmers became a myth.