The most interesting thing is an Austrian doctor. Once when his son was sleeping, he found his son rolling his eyes. He felt very strange and quickly woke up his son, who said he had just had a dream. The doctor thought, will rolling your eyes have something to do with dreaming? What does it matter? He was puzzled, so he took his son, wife and neighbors as the experimental objects and conducted repeated observation experiments. Finally, he came to the conclusion that he was really dreaming when the sleeping person rolled his eyes. Now people study the physiology of dreams, and measure the number and length of dreams according to the number and time of eye movements. The whirlpool of bath water, the discoloration of violets and rolling your eyes while sleeping are all common things. People who are good at "asking questions in a casserole" have discovered, invented, created and achieved something from it. There are many such examples in the history of science. Explain that science is not mysterious and truth is not far away, as long as you are good at asking questions. When you answer many question marks, you can find the truth. Of course, the ability to see the details of things, the ability to ask questions and the ability to explore constantly are not created out of thin air. As mathematician Hua said, the inspiration of science can never wait. If there is any accidental discovery opportunity in the field of science, then this "accidental opportunity" can only be given to those who are prepared, to those who are good at independent thinking, and to those who have independent thinking ability.
Text introduction
The title of the text is "Truth is born after a hundred question marks", which is also the main point of the text. The text is mainly based on facts. As long as you are good at observing, constantly asking questions, constantly solving problems and persistently looking for the source, you can find the truth in real life. The text can be divided into three parts. The first part (1 paragraph) comes straight to the point. Put forward an opinion. It is clearly pointed out that "truth is born after a hundred question marks" is itself "truth". The second part (paragraphs 2 to 6) uses examples to prove the point. This is the main part of the article. First, it is generally pointed out that the discovery of scientific truth in the history of scientific and technological development for thousands of years, those theorems, laws and theories were obtained only after the discoverer and creator answered "a hundred question marks", which led to three representative examples in the history of scientific development. The first example is that Professor Xie Piluo found problems in the whirlpool of bath water. Through repeated experiments and research, he found that the rotation direction of water vortex is related to the rotation of the earth. The second example is that Boyle, a famous British chemist, accidentally discovered that hydrochloric acid would turn petals red, and then conducted many experiments. Finally, the acid-base test paper was invented. The third example is the phenomenon that Austrian doctors roll their eyes when their son is dreaming. After repeated observation and analysis, they deduced the general rule that all sleepers say they are dreaming when they roll their eyes. Finally, they summarized three typical cases, and emphasized that these three cases were "common things", but they all found the truth. Therefore, as long as they have the spirit of "getting to the bottom of the casserole", they will certainly be able to "find something from it and invent something." The third part (paragraphs 7 to 8) summarizes the full text, reiterates the viewpoint, and points out that science is neither mysterious nor far away. The key lies in "knowing what you see", constantly exploring, thinking independently and persevering.
Someone once said that truth is born after a hundred question marks, which is a truth in itself.
In the history of scientific development, people who can see and know things are often successful, and Newton is one of them. On a hot night, he sat under an apple tree to enjoy the cool. Suddenly, an apple fell from the tree. He thought: Why do apples only fall to the ground and not fly to the sky? He began to analyze Copernicus's Heliocentrism and Kepler's three laws, and then thought: Why do planets go around the sun without leaving? Why are planets fast when they are near the sun and slow when they are far away from the sun? The farther the planet is from the sun, why does it run longer? Newton guessed that their root cause was the great attraction of the sun. After a series of experiments, observations and calculations, Newton found that the gravity of the sun is closely related to its huge mass. Newton finally revealed the universal law of the universe-"the law of gravity": everything is attractive; The greater the quality, the greater the attraction; The greater the spacing, the less attractive it is.
Hard work will pay off.
Hard work pays off, which is a famous saying. It tells people that nothing is impossible if you work hard.
For example, Sun Jing, a native of the Jin Dynasty, tied a rope to his hair and tied the other end to the beam in order not to doze off when studying every night. Whenever his head drooped, the rope would wake him up and continue reading after waking up, so he became a celebrity who used hanging beams to prevent himself from falling asleep. And Su Qin, a thorn in his side, can't be an official in Qin, and is always looked down upon by others. He studies hard and forgets to eat and sleep. Whenever it's quiet at night, Su Qin is already dizzy and always wants to sleep. He immediately stabbed his thigh with an awl, felt the pain and woke up. This is Su Qin, a celebrity who woke himself up by stabbing stocks.
Another example is Kuang Heng in the Western Han Dynasty. His family is poor, but he likes reading very much. But there was no oil to light a lamp in his house at night, and his neighbor's room was lit, so Kuang Heng dug a hole in the wall and read by the light coming out of the hole. This is the story of "digging a wall to borrow light".
There is also the modern Xu Beihong, whose paintings are well-known at home and abroad. When he was young, he was determined to learn painting, and with his hard work, he won honor for our country and prevented foreigners from looking down on us in China.
From these celebrity stories, we must understand a truth: only by sticking to the end can we make a difference.
You can't do anything half-heartedly, half-heartedly, but you must always finish what you started and persevere. Only in this way can you make a difference and make due contributions to the people and society.
Lincoln, the first 16 president of the United States, is a world-famous orator. His success lies in his hard practice of speaking eloquence from his youth, watching and listening more. When he was young, he worked as a farmer, lumberjack, shop assistant, post office clerk and land surveyor. In order to become a lawyer, he often walks 30 miles to a court to listen to lawyers' defense and see how they argue. How to make gestures? He imitated politicians and speakers while listening to their impassioned speeches. He listened to the evangelists who traveled around the world waving their arms and shaking their voices in the sky. After returning, he also learned from them and practiced his speech repeatedly in the Woods and cornfields. The success of the speech made Lincoln finally become an eloquent lawyer and finally entered politics.
1in September, 878, Edison decided to attack the fortress of electric lighting. He read many books about electric lighting and decided to make cheap, durable, safe and convenient electric lights.
He started the experiment with a white light. He put a small piece of heat-resistant thing in a glass bulb, and when the current burns it to the point of white heat, it will glow because of the heat. He first thought of carbon, so he put a short piece of carbon wire in the glass bulb and it broke when it was electrified.
"What is the reason?" Edison picked up the carbon wire broken in two and looked at the glass bubble again. After a long time, he suddenly remembered: "Oh, maybe it's because there is air in it. The oxygen in the air helps the carbon wire burn and makes it break immediately!" " So he used his own hand-made air extractor to extract the air from the glass bubble as much as possible. The light did not go out immediately after power-on, but went out after 8 minutes.
Anyway, Edison finally found that the vacuum state is very important for incandescent lamps, and the key is carbon filament, which is the key to the problem.
So what kind of heat-resistant materials should we choose?
Edison thought about it. Platinum has the highest melting point and strong heat resistance! So Edison and his assistants tried platinum several times, but this kind of platinum with high melting point prolonged the light-emitting time of the electric lamp a lot, but it was not ideal to turn it off automatically and then shine from time to time.
Undaunted, Edison continued his experimental work. He tried all kinds of rare metals, such as barium, titanium and indium, and the results were not satisfactory.
After a while, Edison made a summary of the previous experimental work and wrote down all kinds of heat-resistant materials he could think of, totaling 1600.
Next, he and his assistants began to classify the 1600 heat-resistant materials. We can try it. Platinum is the most suitable. Due to the improved air extraction method, the vacuum degree in the glass bulb is higher and the life of the lamp is extended to 2 hours. But this kind of platinum lamp is too expensive. Who wants to spend so much money on a lamp that can only last for two hours?
The experimental work fell into a trough, and Edison was very upset. In a cold winter, Edison sat by the fire and looked at the burning coals. He couldn't help saying to himself, "Charcoal ..."
Charcoal bars have been tried. What should I do? Edison felt hot and dry all over, so he pulled off the scarf around his neck. When Edison saw this scarf made of cotton yarn, he suddenly had an idea in his mind:
Yes! Cotton yarn has better fibers than wood. Can you use this material?
He quickly tore off a cotton yarn from his scarf and baked it on the fire for a long time. Cotton yarn turned into charred carbon. He carefully put this carbon wire into the glass bubble, and the effect was really good.
Edison was very happy, and then he made a lot of carbon filaments made of cotton yarn and did many experiments in succession. The life of the light bulb was suddenly extended by 13 hours, and then it reached 45 hours.
As soon as the news spread, it caused a sensation all over the world, which caused the stock price of London Gas to plummet, and the gas industry was in chaos. People have a hunch that lighting gas lamps will soon become history and the future will be an era of lightning.
Everyone congratulated Edison, but Edison didn't look happy at all. He shook his head and said, "No, we have to find other materials!" " "
"Why, it's been 45 hours?" The assistant asked in surprise. "no! I hope to open 1000 hours, preferably 16000 hours! " Edison replied.
As we all know, it is good to shine for more than 1000 hours, but what materials can we find?
Edison had a good idea at this moment. According to the nature of cotton yarn, he decided to look for new materials from plant fibers.
So, the marathon experiment began again. Edison experimented on all the plant materials he could find, even horse mane, human hair and beard were used for filament experiments. Finally, Edison chose bamboo as a plant. Before the experiment, he took out a bamboo and observed it with a microscope. So, he put the carbonized bamboo wire into the glass bubble, and after electricity was applied, this kind of bamboo.
Edison finally breathed a sigh of relief, and his assistants congratulated him one after another, but he said seriously, "There are many bamboos in the world, and their structures are different. We should choose them carefully! "
Edison's scientific attitude of pursuing perfection deeply touched him, and his assistants volunteered to visit various places. After comparison, a kind of bamboo produced in Japan is the most suitable, so they import a lot. At the same time, Edison started a power plant and set up electric wires. Soon, the American people used this cheap and durable bamboo light bulb.
Bamboo filament lamp has been used for many years. Until 1906, Edison switched to tungsten wire, which improved the quality of the light bulb and has been used ever since.
People always think of this great inventor who brought endless light to the darkness when lighting the electric light. In 1979, the United States spent millions of dollars to hold a year-long commemorative event to commemorate the centenary of Edison's invention of electric light. 18960 . 6886888866 17
Excerpted from the network!