Since the implementation of the new mathematics curriculum standards, mathematics teaching has been greatly improved, but the classroom atmosphere is still serious, tense, and full of depression, and students are generally tired of learning. How to allow students to actively learn in a relaxed and happy way is still an urgent problem facing the majority of mathematics teachers.

The famous mathematics master Qiu Chengtong once said: "Mathematics is not boring, but we teach it to be boring." The Chinese nation has a long cultural history of five thousand years and has a profound cultural heritage. Based on many years of teaching practice, I deeply understand that if we can properly quote poetry in teaching to make the mathematics classroom more cultural, it can not only enliven the classroom atmosphere, but also stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning and cultivate their sentiments. Specifically, it can be implemented from the following aspects:

1. Literaryization of mathematical knowledge

Mathematics, compared with other subjects, is indeed abstract, which is also a major feature of mathematics. However, combining mathematical knowledge with poetry can turn abstraction into concreteness and dullness into vividness. This will not only help students better master mathematical knowledge, but also create beautiful teaching situations.

Symmetry, an important term in mathematics, refers to the invariance of graphics that remains unchanged during changes in motion. It has similarities with "confrontation" in literature. When explaining symmetry, better results can be achieved by using "contrast" to explain. "The bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear spring flows up the stone." This is a poem by Wang Wei. The bright moon shines on the clear spring, among the pines on the stone, and shines on the stream. Nouns versus nouns, verbs versus verbs, very similar to mathematical symmetry. Wu Jiangxue, a female poet in the early Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem with a palindrome about windlass. Xianglian is moved by clear water and cool by the wind. The summer is long when the water is moved by the cool breeze.

The cool breeze stirs the water in the long day, and the cool breeze stirs the water with the fragrance of green lotus.

There are ten different words in the whole poem, which depicts a picture of summer with wind and water and the fragrance of flowers. The wonderful thing is that the first two lines of the poem read backwards become the next two lines of the poem, which can be described as standard mathematical symmetry.

Limit, an important concept in mathematics. The ancients explained it as "a foot of wood vertebrae, if the sun cuts it in half, it will last for eternity." Recently, Mr. Xu Lizhi quoted "The solitary sail is far away in the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River is visible in the sky" to describe it, which is wonderful.

Coordinate system, a tool for analyzing geometry. Chen Zhi'ang, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty, wrote in a poem: "I never see the ancients in front of me, and I never see the newcomers in the future. I think about the long journey of heaven and earth, and I shed tears with sadness." The content involves time, space and the author's emotions at the time. Combining the three, a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system can be obtained. If accurate parameters are given respectively, the exact position of the author in the coordinate system can be obtained.

Elevation angle and depression angle refer to the angle between the line of sight and the horizontal line. It can be connected with "Looking up at the bright moon, lowering your head to miss your hometown"; when studying "The Positional Relationship between Straight Lines and Circles", it can be connected with the poem "The solitary smoke is straight in the desert, and the sun is setting in the long river". etc.

Word problems are a difficult point in mathematics teaching, and students often find them boring. In fact, in our country’s mathematics treasure house, there are many mathematics problems in the form of poetry. When teaching related content, if you can introduce them into teaching, you can inject vitality into the classroom, making mathematics more friendly and teaching more interesting. Here are two examples:

1. Looking at the seventh floor of the towering tower, the number of red lights has doubled.

***There are three hundred and eighty-one lights. How many lights are there on the top floor?

This is a question in the "Nine Chapters of Algorithms and Analogies" written by Wu Jingzian, a mathematician from the Ming Dynasty.

Attachment: Solve the sum of the multiples of each layer: 1+2+4+8+16+32+64=127

The number of lights on the top floor: 381÷127=3 (cups)

2. Li Bai Street Let's go, pick up the pot and go get some wine;

If you meet a shop, double the amount, and if you see flowers, drink a bucket;

If you meet three shops and flowers, drink up all the wine in the pot.

How much wine was originally in the jug?

This is a folk arithmetic problem (Li Bai's drinking). The meaning of the question is: Li Bai was walking on the street, holding a jug and drinking wine. Every time he met a hotel, he would double the wine in the jug. Every time he met a flower, he would drink a dou (a dou is an ancient unit of capacity. 1 bucket = 10 liters), meet the flowers in the shop three times each, and drink up the wine. Ask how much wine was originally in the pot?

Attachment: Explanation Suppose there is a bucket of wine x in the pot. Obtain

[(2x-1)×2-1]×2-1=0, and the solution is x=7/8.

2. Literary teaching language

In teaching, in addition to using professional terminology to introduce mathematical concepts, abstract theorems, and rules to students, if teachers can appropriately use poetry to embellish Mathematics class can not only inspire thinking, but also add interest, and sometimes it can also play a finishing touch.

For the same problem, different results can be obtained by studying it from different angles (such as observing three views). Teachers can quote the poem "Looking at it from the side, it is a ridge and the side is a peak, and the distance is different." To illustrate vividly.

Mathematical problem-solving teaching, especially difficult problem teaching, will have a different flavor if combined with Wang Guowei's "Three Realms".

When students see the question, they can't find any breakthrough because of their vague ideas, and they feel irritable, but they must patiently analyze the meaning of the question and try their best to extract relevant information from their existing knowledge system, as if they have entered the first state: "Last night The west wind withers the green trees, and I stand alone on a tall building, looking to the end of the world." I rack my brains and think hard, but I can't figure it out for a long time. It's like entering the second realm: "The clothes are getting wider and wider, but I don't regret it. "; After repeated thinking, you finally find a method (for example, when solving a geometry problem, when you add the required auxiliary lines, you will suddenly have an enlightenment, suddenly become enlightened, and your emotions will double), then you will reach the third state: "Looking for him in the crowd for thousands of times, suddenly looking back, that person In the dim light." In this way, teachers and students not only solved the problems in a strong cultural atmosphere, but also experienced the process of "determination", "perseverance" and "success" of those who achieve great things.

Specifically, students are new to the topic and have not understood the meaning of the topic and do not know how to solve it. This is just like "they do not know the true face of Mount Lu because they are in this mountain"; when analyzing, they should grasp the essence of the problem and solve it. The main contradiction is like "shoot the man first, shoot the horse first, and capture the thief first, capture the king"; after thinking for a long time, I finally got a clue, but I can't completely solve the problem, and I have to continue thinking, like "it's just like "it comes out after being called out for thousands of times, but it still doesn't work." Holding a pipa and half-hiding one's face"; stuck in a dilemma, feeling confused, but after hard work, new ideas can be found. The teacher can add the poem "There is no way out after mountains and rivers, and there is a village with dark flowers and bright flowers"; after thinking about a certain problem many ways have failed. Being able to solve a problem, and occasionally finding a way to solve the problem by accident, just like "it takes no effort to find a place after wearing iron shoes" or "it takes no effort to plant flowers but not to plant willows to create shade"; after repeated thinking , the problem is finally solved, I feel comfortable and excited, and I feel like "the apes on both sides of the Taiwan Strait can't stop crying, and the boat has passed the Ten Thousand Mountains".

3. Literary motivation and evaluation

Students may encounter various troubles and setbacks in the process of learning mathematics. At this time, teachers need to provide timely ideological education to students. Be guided. If you use bland language to preach to students, it will appear to be straightforward, lacking passion and appeal, and it will not be able to better stimulate students' self-motivation, and the persuasive effect will certainly not be good. On the contrary, in the education process, if teachers can timely quote easy-to-understand, catchy poems with aphorisms and aphorisms for education, students will not only be happy to accept them, but also enhance their persuasiveness.

For example: when students are not studying hard, teachers can use poems to encourage students: "When flowers bloom again, people are no longer young" or "A black-haired person does not know how to study diligently early, and a gray-headed person regrets studying late" to encourage students; After hard work, there is not much progress and when you feel discouraged, you can refer to the poem "Learning is like spring grass, and the day does not increase, but the months grow, and the years gain." When students are complacent and arrogant about their achievements, they should You can use the famous sayings "Modility will benefit, fullness will cause harm" or "Humility will make people progress, pride will make people fall behind" to warn; when students achieve results and the teacher evaluates them and hopes that they will continue to work hard and make greater progress, they can say "The little trick has been revealed" "Pointed corners" or "If you want to see a thousand miles away, go to a higher level" to encourage. etc.

In order to test students' learning status, teachers often prepare test questions that are composed of traditional questions for testing. If some of the questions appear in the form of poems, students' stress during the exam can be relieved and they can also enjoy beauty to a certain extent. Here are two examples:

1 There is a group of crows perching in a tree. There are countless crows.

Three crows perch in a tree. Five crows have nowhere to go.

Five crows There is a tree for roosting and a tree for free.

Please count carefully. How many crow trees are there?

Attachment: If there are x trees, it can be seen that there are (3x+5) crows. According to the meaning of the question:

3x+5=5(x-1) Solution , we get x=5 3x+5=20

Then there are 5 trees and 20 crows.

2. Three feet out of the water, there is a red lotus, and the wind blows the flowers to the surface of the water.

The horizontal movement is six feet. Please calculate the depth of the water.

Attachment: Assuming the water depth is x feet, from the Pythagorean theorem, we get

x2+62=(x+3)2, then x=4.5

So , the water depth is 4.5 feet.

The marriage of mathematics and literature is of great benefit to mathematics teaching. But in the eyes of many people, mathematics and literature are like two poles of a magnet, repelling each other. In mathematics class, showing off literature and poetry not only affects students' learning of mathematics, but also takes up their precious time. I don't think so. In mathematics teaching, it is not only feasible to have more literary flavor and allow students to learn in a strong cultural atmosphere, but also very necessary for students to achieve success in mathematics in the future. Looking at the great mathematicians at home and abroad in history, most of them have high cultural accomplishment and literary skills, and some are even literary masters.

When Gauss, the prince of mathematics, was studying at the University of G?ttingen, his two favorite subjects were mathematics and language, and he maintained his interest in them throughout his life. Among the 25 books he borrowed from the library in his first year of college, 20 were in the humanities. Just when the idea of ??becoming a mathematician or a linguist was lingering in his mind, the 19-year-old Gauss successfully solved the problem of drawing a ruler and compass of a regular 17-sided polygon, thus strengthening his belief in engaging in teaching research. Just imagine, with his cultural accumulation in the university, if he engages in linguistics research, we can have reason to believe that he will definitely have a place in the hall of linguists.

G. Polya was particularly interested in literature when he was young, especially the works of the great German poet Heine. He was proud to be born on the same day as Heine, and he once won an award for translating his works into Hungarian.

Russell is a famous contemporary philosopher, mathematical logician, and the discoverer of the famous "Barber's Paradox". But he is also a litterateur and has published many collections of novels. To the surprise of many professional writers, he won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950 as a non-major.

Look at domestic mathematicians. Hua Luogeng was good at poetry and prose, and his popular science articles were condescending and easy to understand. He was a model worthy of imitation by future generations. Su Buqing has loved old-style poetry since he was a child and has read many books on literature and history. He regards reading poetry and reciting lyrics as his hobby and uses it to adjust his life. Xu Baozong has studied classical literature since he was a child, and studied ancient prose after the age of 10. His articles are concise and meaningful, and his writing skills are extraordinary. Li Guoping is not only one of the founders of "complex analysis" in China, but also an excellent poet. His collection of poems "Selected Poems of Li Guoping" was published by Wuhan University Press in 1990. The preface is an ode to Su Buqing: "Famous The poems that spread across the sea are fresh, and the words are as spiritual as the sky. The rainbow is flowing across the sky, and the colorful pen travels all over the world. In spring, summer, autumn and winter, I have always been fond of chanting. "It has become a legend in many circles.

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The famous mathematician Mr. Xu Lizhi summarized his academic experience in five aspects: cultivating interest, pursuing simplicity, paying attention to intuition, learning abstraction, and not being afraid of calculation. Recently, when he was giving lectures in Nanjing, he made a special point to add one more point - he loves literature and teaches young students earnestly. Literary cultivation should not be neglected. Mathematics master Qiu Chengtong also mentioned: "...how to find the soul of mathematics depends on our cultural accomplishment."

The mathematics curriculum standards point out that the starting point of mathematics curriculum is to promote students' comprehensive, sustained and harmonious development and help students understand the correct mathematical concepts and values.

In order to meet the requirements of the new curriculum standards, stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning mathematics, activate the classroom atmosphere, improve the quality of teaching, and achieve greater development in mathematics for students, let us teach mathematics in a culturally rich manner!