1. Basic test

1. The following set of punctuated characters with all correct pronunciations is ( )

A. Qin Junsi (sì) Nanye 缼(zhuì) came out of the lost(yì) fox

B. ***(gng) His lack of sleep was as if he was not que (jué) Qin Xujun Jiao Xia (xiá)

C . Qin Bo said (yuè) Qi (qǐ) son, Feng Sun, and Yang Sun garrisoned (sù) it

D. A humble man (fū) whose strength is not up to this will lose what he has given (yǔ), I don’t know (zhì)

2. In the following sentences, one of the incorrect interpretations of the punctuated words is ( )

A. Ruo She Zheng thought the host (ruo: if) makes chaos easy to rectify, Not using force (replacement)

B. Why use Zheng to accompany his neighbors (accompany: increase) due to human strength and ruin (damage)

C. ***It is lacking Trapped (for: supply) To set up the edition in the morning and at night (ji: to cross the river)

D. Fu Jin, why are you so disgusted with it?

3. The meaning of the following highlighted words is the same as that in modern Chinese ( )

A. Mrs. Wei is unable to do this B. The exchange of luggage, *** other Lack of sleep

C. To abandon Zheng and think he is the host D. To dare to bother the deacon

4. In the following sentences, the word "thought" is used in the same way as "If you give up Zheng and think you are the host" The group is ( )

① Wu Guang thought it was true ② However, he got it and used it as bait

③ All the guests stretched out their necks,... thinking it was wonderful

④ Foolish people think that everything in the palace is no matter how big or small, so they should take care of it.

⑤ Take it as merit if the doctor cures the disease well

A. ①③ B. ②④ C. ③⑤ ? D .②⑤

5. Among the following sentences, one of the following sentences does not have the word "tongjia" ( )

A. The Jin army came to Hanling, and the Qin army spread to the south B. Qin Bo said, and Zheng People's alliance

C. Lost what they had and don't know D. The coming and going of luggage makes them sleepy

6. The usage of the word "yi" in the following sentences is different from others One of the three sentences is ( )

A. Because of its rudeness. B. Use chaos to bring order, without using force.

C. Dare to annoy the deacon. D. The country of Yue is far away.

7. The following incorrect explanation of the characteristics of each sentence pattern is ( )

A. It is rude to Jin and second to Chu. (The preposition and object structure in the inverted sentence are postpositioned)

B. It’s the fault of the few. (Judgement sentence)

C. Why do you hate Fu Jin? (Object in front)

D. To make chaos easy, without using force. (Passive sentence)

8. The word in the following sentences that is different from the usage of "retreat" in "Zhu Zhiwu retreated from the Qin army" is ( )

A. If not If the Qin Dynasty is missing, how can the general take it? B. The Yue Kingdom is disdainful and far away

C. If Zheng is destroyed, it will be beneficial to the king D. Now that Zheng has been enfeoffed to the east

9. In the following sentences, "the "The usage of " is the same as the example sentence is ( )

Example sentence: A minister is as strong as a human being.

A. The public follows it. B. Zhu Zhiwu retreated from the Qin army.

C. Fu Jin, why hate it? D. The luggage comes and goes, making sure he is tired.

10. In the following sentences, "qi" is not used as a personal pronoun. One of the items is ( )

A. *** He is not sleepy, and there is no harm to you B. Both He sealed Zheng in the east, but wanted to seal it in the west

C. You know the difficulty D. You have lost what you got, but you don’t know

11. Fill in the blanks with literary common sense

A. "Zhu Zhiwu Retreats the Qin Army" is selected from ___________, also known as _______________. It is the first ____________ (genre) history book with a detailed narrative in the history of our country. It is said that it was the official historian of _____ country in the late years of _________________________ This book mainly records the political, economic, military, diplomatic and cultural affairs of various countries in the early __________ (dynasty).

B. "Zuo Zhuan" explains the historical book "Spring and Autumn", and is called "Three Biography of Spring and Autumn" together with "" and "".

[Answer] 1.C (The word "汜" in item A is pronounced as "fàn", the word "***" in item B is pronounced as "gōng", and the word "Feng" in item D is pronounced as "páng".) 2.D (Yan: satisfied; Wei: if not, if not) 3.B 4.D 5.A ("Shuo" in item B refers to "joy"; "Zhi" in item C refers to "wisdom"; "Shuo" in item B refers to "wisdom"; "***" means "Gong".) 6.D (Items A, B, and C are all used as prepositions, and item D is used as a conjunction to express connection.) 7.D (Negative judgment sentence) 8.B (B Item A is the verb usage, taking... as a border town, and the rest are verb usages. Item A is "to make... reduce"; item C is "to make... perish"; item D is "to make... become." "Boundary".) 9.D (D is used between subject and predicate, canceling the independence of the sentence. The pronoun of item A refers to Yi Zhihu's suggestion; item B is the particle between the surname and the given name; item C is the particle, and the object is placed in front. )10.C 11.A "Zuo Zhuan" "Chun Qiu Zuo Shi Zhuan" or "Zuo Shi Chun Qiu" Chronological style Chun Qiu Lu Zuo Qiu Ming Chun Qiu B "Gong Yang Zhuan" "Guliang Zhuan"

2. Thinking map

In-class reading practice - train your thinking in reading

12. For the explanation of the following highlighted words, the correct one is ( )

A. The Jin Army Hanling, the Qin Army Pannan (Army: Army)

B. The exchange of luggage, ***his lack of sleep (Luggage: the package taken when going out) < /p>

C. Set up a banyan in the morning and evening (ban: plywood for building earthen walls) D. Qin Bo said that he made an alliance with Zheng Ren (alliance: alliance oath) 13. In the following sentences, the meanings of the punctuated words are: The one item with different usage is ( )

A. ① The country of Yue is disdainful ② How can it be used to destroy Zheng to accompany his neighbors

B. ① Zheng knows that he has perished ② since he is enfeoffing the east Zheng wants to seize the west again

C. ① He is still in Chu ② He is the king of Jin

Given by the King of Jin

14. In the following analysis and summary of the relevant content of the original article, one of the incorrect ones is ( )

A. Yi Zhihu’s words "The teacher must retreat" , showing Yi Zhihu’s understanding and trust of Zhu Zhiwu, allowing readers to predict Zhu Zhiwu’s talents without seeing them all, and showing Zhu Zhiwu’s talents from the negative side.

B. The main character in the article is Zhu Zhiwu. Through his language, whether it is complaints or rhetoric, the author shows that he is not only eloquent, but also profoundly righteous, witty and brave.

C. There are two reasons why Qin and Jin besieged Zheng: first, Zheng was "rude to Jin", and second, Zheng was "disrespectful to Chu".

D. In addition to the in-depth and step-by-step rhetorical part of this article, the narrative of the first and last few natural paragraphs, although the text is concise, the advancement and changes of the plot are ups and downs and exciting.

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16. Try to compare the similarities and differences between Zheng Bo convincing Zhu Zhiwu to send Qin and Zhu Zhiwu convincing Qin Bo to retreat.

17. Write a one-sentence review of the following characters in your own words.

(Comments can be made from multiple angles and creatively)

(1) Zhu Zhiwu:

(2) Yi Zhihu:

18. Translate the above Underlined sentences

(1) The country of Yue is despised and far away, and you know its difficulties. Translation:

Translation of Buwu:

(3) Both to seal Zheng in the East and to seal it in the West Translation:

[Answer] 12.D, used between subject and predicate, cancel the sentence Independence (item A pronoun refers to Yi Zhihu’s suggestion; item B is a particle between the surname and first name; item C particle is a sign of the preposition of the object.) / 13. C (item A noun is used as a verb, garrison ; Item B is "person who is on an envoy"; item D is "alliance") / 14. A (shows Zhu Zhiwu's talent from the side, not the "negative side")

15. First. It was explained that Zhu Zhiwu was an old minister who was not reused. The second is to tactfully criticize Uncle Zheng for not being able to employ people, but in times of crisis, he is able to accept advice and has the courage to blame himself. The third is to praise Zhu Zhiwu's patriotic spirit of profound understanding of righteousness, regardless of personal gains and losses, and focusing on resolving national difficulties. / 16. Same: Both proceed from the vital interests of the other party. Differences: Uncle Zheng: straightforward Zhu Zhiwu: circuitous

17. Examples: (1) Great justice: regardless of personal gains and losses, focusing on resolving national difficulties; great courage: going to the enemy camp alone and convincing Uncle Qin to retreat; Dazhi: Neither humble nor arrogant, eloquent, intelligent and witty. (2) Yi Zhihu strongly recommends Zhu Zhiwu, who can be said to have a keen eye for recognizing heroes.

18. (1) You know it is difficult to cross other countries and regard distant places as frontiers. (2) It is unwise to lose one's allies; replacing reorganization with dispersion is inconsistent with the principles of the use of force. (3) (The State of Jin) has made Zheng State its border in the east and wants to expand its border in the west.

3. Multi-dimensional perspective

Read "The Palace of Strange Admonitions and False Ways" and complete questions 19-23.

The Palace’s Strange Admonition and False Way

The Marquis of Jin restored the false way to Yu in order to defeat Guo. Gong Zhiqi admonished: "Guo is the epitome of Yu. If Guo dies, Yu will follow him. The Jin cannot start, and the bandits cannot defeat them. What is one thing, how can it be more? As the proverb says, 'The auxiliary chariots depend on each other, and the lips are dead and the teeth are cold.' , He is called Yu Guo!"

The Duke said: "Jin is my sect, how can it harm me?" He said to him: "Uncle Yu Zhong, the great uncle refuses to obey. With no heir, Guo Zhong and Uncle Guo, Wang Jizhimu, were a minister of King Wen. He was honored in the royal family and hid in the alliance. If Guo is destroyed, how can he love Yu? And Yu can be close to Huanzhuang? He loves him. Also, what is the crime of the Huanzhuang clan? Thinking of killing them? Isn’t it just forcing them? They are loved and forced by relatives, but they still hurt them, how about the country?"

The duke said: "I enjoy the abundance and cleanness of the sacrifice. , God will take care of me." He said: "I heard that ghosts and gods are not real relatives, but virtue is the basis. Therefore, "The Book of Zhou" says: "The emperor has no relatives, but virtue is the auxiliary." It is not a virtue, but a virtue. It is said that "the people do not change things, but virtue loves things." If this is the case, the people will not be harmonious, and the gods will not enjoy it. Take Yu, and reveal the virtue to recommend the fragrant fragrance. How can God spit it out?"

Bu Ting, Xu Jin envoy. Gong Zhiqi, referring to his family, said: "Yu Bula is gone. In this trip, Jin will not be more likely to raise it." In winter, Jin destroyed Guo. The teacher returned and stayed in Yu. Then he attacked Yu, destroyed him, and held the Duke of Yu in his hands. (p> . The Marquis of Jin returned to Yu and defeated Guo (false: borrowed). B. The uncle refused to obey, so there was no heir. (From: follow)

C. Millet and millet are not fragrant, but Mingde is fragrant (Xin: rich aroma)

D. Yu is not waxy.

(La: year-end sacrifice, here refers to holding wax sacrifice)

20. Among the following sentences, the one with the same meaning and usage of the punctuated words is ( )

A. ① Yes The fault of the few is also ② If Guo is destroyed, why love Yu

B. ① Because of his rudeness to Jin ② The wonder of the palace is based on the behavior of his family

C. ① Huanzhuang What's the crime of the clan? ② Guo, Yu's appearance

D. ① When the master returns, he will stay with Yu ② And Yu can be close to Huan and Zhuang

21. The following is a reference to the original article Regarding the analysis and summary of the content, the incorrect item is ( )

A. Yu Gong thought: "Jin is my sect, how can it harm me?" Gong Zhiqi analyzed Yu, Guo, The relationship between Jin and Jin refuted this wrong view of Duke Yu.

B. At the beginning of the article, the sentence "The Marquis of Jin resumed his false path in Yu and defeated Guo" is used to point out the cause and background of the event, and then the theme is revealed through the dialogue between the characters.

C. Gong Zhiqi, a far-sighted official of the Yu State, effectively refuted Duke Yu’s superstitious belief in clan relationships and divine rights, pointing out that life and death depended on people rather than gods. However, Duke Yu refused to listen and ended up in the end. The sad end of being captured alive.

D. Gong Zhiqi believed that virtuous government should be implemented and he tried to admonish Duke Yu. This reflected the humanistic thinking of the monarch at that time.

22. Translate the following sentences.

① Guo is the expression of Yu. If Guo dies, Yu will follow.

② Then he attacked Yu, destroyed him, and held Yu Gong in charge.

23. Which two famous quotes in Zuo Zhuan come from this allusion? Why did Duke Yu destroy the country? What inspiration does this story have for you?

[Answer] 19.B( It should be "obey") 20. C (Item A ① demonstrative pronoun, this; ② refers to the object "虢" in advance. Item B ① preposition, because; ② preposition, indicating leadership. Item D ① preposition, in; ② preposition , yes, for.) 21.D (People-oriented people-oriented thinking) 22. ① The Guo State is the periphery (barrier) of the Yu State. If the Guo State dies, the Yu State will surely perish with it. ②So he took advantage of his unpreparedness to attack the State of Yu, destroyed it, and captured Duke Yu. 23 The auxiliary chariots depend on each other, but the lips are dead and the teeth are cold; the millet and grain are not fragrant, but the virtue is fragrant.

Attached is a reference translation: Duke Xiang of Jin borrowed a road from the state of Yu to attack the state of Guo. Gong Zhiqi warned Duke Yu: "The Guo State is the outskirts (barrier) of the Yu State. If the Guo State dies, the Yu State will surely follow it. The Jin State cannot be provoked, and bandits cannot be played close to. One borrowing The road has gone too far, how can there be a second time? The proverb, 'lips and teeth are dependent on each other, and the lips are dead and the teeth are cold', probably refers to the relationship between Yu and Guo."

Duke Yu said, "The Jin State is my kin, how can it harm me?" Gong Zhiqi replied: "Tai Bo Yu Zhong is the son of King Tai of Zhou. Tai Bo did not obey him, so he did not inherit the throne. Guo Zhong and Guo Shu , is the son of Wang Ji, who served as the ruling minister of King Wen of Zhou. His achievements are recorded in the historical annals and are stored in the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty. The Jin State is bent on destroying the Guo State, so what love does it have for the Yu State? Besides, the Yu State is the same as the Jin State. Can the relationship between the two countries be closer than that of Uncle Huan and Uncle Zhuang? Even if the Jin State loves the State of Yu, what crime can Uncle Huan and Uncle Zhuang have? But they are targeted for killing, isn't it because they threaten the Marquis of Jin? Do you want your own power? If you kill your relatives with respect and favor, let alone the country?"

Duke Yu said, "The things I sacrifice to the gods are rich and clean, and the gods will definitely protect me." Palace. Zhiqi replied: "I have heard that ghosts and gods are not friendly to individuals, only virtuous people are close to them. Therefore, "Book of Zhou" says, 'God has no close friends, but only helps virtuous people.' He also said: "Sacrificial grains have no fragrance, only bright virtues have fragrance." He also said: "The people cannot change the sacrifices, only virtue is the best thing." It seems that without virtue, the people will not be in harmony, and the gods will not be in harmony. Come and enjoy the sacrifices. The only basis for the gods is virtue. If the Jin State invades the Yu State and offers bright virtues as fragrant sacrifices to the gods, will the gods spit them out?"

Duke Yu refused to listen and agreed to the Jin envoy (to borrow a way). Gong Zhiqi led his family away and said: "The State of Yu will not be able to pass the year-end festival. Just this false trip (invading the State of Yu), the State of Jin does not need to send any more troops."

In the winter of this year, the Jin State destroyed the Guo State.

When the army came back and stayed in the tavern of the State of Yu, they took advantage of its unpreparedness to attack the State of Yu, destroyed it, and captured Duke Yu.