1, initiated by Britain. The opium war, that is, the first opium war. Britain usually calls it the First Sino-British War or "Trade War", which was a war of aggression launched by Britain against China from 1840 to 1842, and it was also the beginning of the modern history of China.

2. 1840 (20 years of Daoguang), the British government decided to send an expeditionary force to invade China on the pretext that Lin Zexu destroyed opium in Humen. 1in June, 840, 47 British ships and 4,000 soldiers, led by Major General Giorgio and Charles Elliot, commercial supervisor in China, arrived outside the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong, blocked the Haikou, and the Opium War began.

3. The Opium War ended with China's failure and reparations. China and Britain signed the treaty of nanking, the first unequal treaty in China's history. China began to cede territory, pay reparations and negotiate tariffs to foreign countries, which seriously endangered China's sovereignty, became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, lost its independent status and promoted the disintegration of the small-scale peasant economy. At the same time, the Opium War also opened a new chapter in the history of modern China people's resistance to foreign aggression.

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