1. Nightingale

Nightingale was born in Italy in 1820. She came from a wealthy family and received a good education. In 1850, she chose the nursing profession, which was discriminated against at the time, despite her parents' objections.

In her time, no one with status worked as a nurse. Nurses are often ignorant, rude, alcoholic, and untrained women.

Nightingale’s greatest achievement is the creation of the nursing profession, but her influence goes far beyond that. In the early Victorian era, women learned little beyond housekeeping, and a very small number of women achieved the goal of becoming ladies.

Ms. Nightingale dedicated her life to nursing with the noblest spirit of dedication and worked hard for nursing throughout her life. The British regarded her as the pride of the United Kingdom, erected a bronze statue of her in London, and printed her large bust on the back of the British 10-pound note (the front is the bust of Queen Elizabeth II).

2. Joan of Arc

Joan of Arc is a French military strategist, a Catholic saint, and the goddess of liberty in the hearts of the French people. Considered a national hero by the French, she is also the only girl in history who can command the country's army and win victory at the age of 17.

In the Hundred Years' War between England and France (1337-1453), she led the French army against the British invasion, supported the coronation of Charles VII of France, and made great contributions to France's victory. She was later captured by the Duchy of Burgundy and soon purchased by the English for a large sum of money. She was framed as a heretic and a witch by the Inquisition under the control of the English authorities and sentenced to death at the stake. Only nineteen years old.

When the English army was driven out of France, Joan's mother persuaded Pope Calixtus III to retry Joan's case and vindicated her in 1456. He was canonized by the Vatican 500 years later.

Joan of Arc became an important figure in Western culture after her death. French politicians from Napoleon to the present have used her image of greatness in propaganda. Major writers and composers, including Shakespeare, Voltaire, Schiller, Verdi, Tchaikovsky, Twain, Bernard Shaw, and Brecht, have all created works about her, and a large number of them are based on her. Film, theater, and music continue to develop to this day.

3. Wu Zetian

Wu Zetian, named Zhao, was the empress of Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi of Tang Dynasty, and later Emperor Zhou Zetian, the only female emperor in Chinese history. A native of Wenshui, Bingzhou (now east of Wenshui, Shanxi). He was born in the seventh year of Tang Wude (623) and died in the first year of Tang Shenlong (705). He died at the age of 82. He ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor at the age of 67 and reigned for 15 years. When Wu Zetian was 14 years old, Emperor Taizong Li Shimin called her into the palace as a talented person. After Taizong died, Zetian entered Ganye Temple and became a nun. When Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty came to the throne, he was summoned back to the palace, worshiped Zhaoyi, and given the title of Concubine Chen. He competed with the Queen and Concubine Xiao Shu for favor, and slandered each other. In the sixth year of Yonghui (655), Gaozong established Wu as his queen.

Not long after Queen Wang was deposed, she and Concubine Xiao Shu were killed by Zetian. Ze Tiansu was a man of many wits and was involved in literature and history. From the last years of Xianqing's reign, he took advantage of Gaozong's frailty and illness to dominate the country and became increasingly powerful. In the first year of Shangyuan (674), Emperor Gaozong was called "Emperor", Empress Wu was called "Queen of Heaven", and in the palace they were called "Two Saints".

In the first year of Hongdao (683), Gaozong died, Zhongzong Li Xian came to the throne, and Tianlin became the dynasty. In February of the first year of Sisheng (684), Zetian deposed Zhongzong as King of Luling and established Ruizong Li Dan, who continued to rule the dynasty. Zetian proclaimed himself emperor in the first year of Tianshou (690), and his country was named Zhou. Ruizong was deposed as the emperor's heir, and Luoyang, the eastern capital, was changed to the divine capital. After abdicating the throne, Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty Li Xian was given the honorary title: "Emperor Zetian the Great Sage" and the posthumous title "Queen Zetian the Great Sage" after his death. From then on, the word "Zetian" gradually replaced her name, and to this day, people call her Wu Zetian.

4. Princess Wencheng

Princess Wencheng's ancestral home is Jining, Shandong (now Rencheng). There is no record of her Han name, and there is no record of her father's history. It is mostly speculated that she is Li Daozong, the king of Jiangxia County. Li Daozong was the nephew of Tang Emperor Li Yuan. He was named the King of Rencheng for his military exploits. His daughter was born in Rencheng. There is no record of Princess Wencheng's ancestral home, birthplace, name, or parents in the history books, but it is recorded that she was the daughter of a clan. ?

In the 8th year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (634), Songtsen Gampo, the Tubo Zangpu, sent an envoy to the Tang Dynasty, and Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty sent Feng Dexia as an envoy to Tubo. Songtsen Gampo once again sent people to the Tang Dynasty and proposed to marry a Tang Dynasty princess, but Tang Taizong refused. Since the Tuyuhun King Nuohebo came to see the Tang Dynasty at that time, the Tibetan envoy returned and told Songtsen Gampo, claiming that the Tang Dynasty's rejection of the marriage contract was due to the Tuyuhun King's obstruction.

In the 12th year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (638), Songtsan Gampo used Tuyuhun as a hindrance and sent troops to defeat Tuyuhun, Dangxiang, and Bailanqiang, and approached Songzhou in the Tang Dynasty (today's Songpan, Sichuan). He threatened that if he did not make peace, he would He led a large-scale invasion of the Tang Dynasty. Niu Jinda led the vanguard of the Tang army to defeat the Tubo army. Songtsan Gampo was greatly frightened. Before the main force of the Tang army led by Tang general Hou Junji arrived, he withdrew from Tuyuhun, Dangxiang and Bailanqiang. He sent envoys to apologize, asked for marriage again, and sent a large-scale discussion to Xue Ludong. Zan brought five thousand taels of gold and an equal number of other treasures to formally issue the betrothal gift. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty made a princess a princess and married her to Songtsen Gampo.

5. Queen Victoria

Queen Victoria) is the second longest reigning monarch in British history, second only to Queen Elizabeth II. He reigned for 64 years.

She was also the first British Queen to be called Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and Queen of India. She is the granddaughter of King George III and the only daughter of Prince Edward and Princess Victoria, sister of King Leopold I of Belgium. Her father, Prince Edward, died young and Victoria was raised by her uncle Leopold I until she was eighteen years old. .

After the death of her uncle William IV, Princess Victoria became king. Her reign (1837-1901) was the period of Britain's strongest "empire on which the sun never sets". During her reign, British history is called the "Victorian Era". Britain increased its colonial expansion and established and occupied many colonies within a certain range.

The decades of her reign coincided with the transition period of British liberal capitalism from the ascendant to the top, and then to monopoly capitalism. The economy and culture were unprecedentedly prosperous, and the constitutional monarchy was fully developed, making Queen Victoria It became a symbol of British peace and prosperity.

Reference materials: Baidu Encyclopedia: Joan of Arc, Baidu Encyclopedia: Nightingale, Baidu Encyclopedia: Queen Victoria, Baidu Encyclopedia: Princess Wencheng, Baidu Encyclopedia: Wu Zetian