China is a big agricultural country and an ancient civilization with a long history of afforestation. As early as ancient times, the working people in our country had the custom of planting trees in spring. There is a story of "Kuafu chasing the sun" in the classic of ancient geography "Shan Hai Jing", which tells that Kuafu threw away his scepter before he died and turned it into a forest, which benefited mankind and embodied the good wish of our ancestors to plant trees. "Book of Rites" also said: "In the month of Meng Chun, virtue lies in wood", which means that planting trees in spring is the greatest moral behavior. 4,000 years ago, in the late Yu Shun era in the patriarchal society, officials in charge of forests were set up. During the Xia and Yu Dynasties, there were administrative regulations to protect trees. "Zhou Shu's massive articles" said: "It is forbidden. In spring and March, the mountains do not climb axes to grow into vegetation." During the Yin and Shang Dynasties, people planted flowers and trees in front of and behind the houses in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, more than 0/1,000 years before BC, the state established the Lin Heng and the Mountain Risk Management Agency, which were in charge of planting and forest protection respectively. In order to mobilize the masses to plant trees, it even made a rule, "Those who don't plant trees will not be given coffins after death".
After Qin unified the whole country, Qin Shihuang strongly advocated planting trees on both sides of towns, streets and avenues, and was the forerunner of urban greening in ancient China. Jia Shan's "Yan Zhi" contains: "Qin and Wei are in the world, the road is fifty paces wide, and the trees are in the pine forest", which is proof. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty lifted the ban on Shanze and distributed fields to plant trees for the people. Moreover, he made specific regulations on planting trees: "A man and a woman have 20 acres of abel tamata, and after class, they should plant 50 mulberry trees, five jujube trees and three elms, limited to three years." It can be seen that the planting indicators have been set for farmers at that time. According to "Talking about the River", although he was a luxurious emperor, he personally planted willows and gave them to Yang. He ordered that willows should be planted by the river when the Grand Canal was excavated, and gave him a reward: "one willow, one silk" (that is, one silk). Later, the landscape of the Qianli Canal became shaded by green willows.
The Tang Dynasty ordered all post stations to plant street trees, and the wind of planting trees in urban and rural areas flourished for a year, just as Meng Haoran said in his poem, "We look at the green trees around your village, and the mountains in the distance are blue." In the Song Dynasty, in order to encourage tree planting, Song Taizu ordered people who planted mulberry and jujube on wasteland not to pay rent, and promoted officials who had made outstanding achievements in persuading people to plant trees to a higher level, so the scope of tree planting was wider. At that time, from Gutian County to Hainan, Fujian Province, in addition to planting pines, hybrid litchi was also planted, which looked like an endless forest from a distance. According to "Food in Yuan History", after Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan ascended the throne, he wrote to the world: "The country is based on the people, the people take food as the sky, and food and clothing are based on agriculture and mulberry". And promulgated the "Agricultural Mulberry System", which stipulated that 20 mulberry dates should be planted every year. If the soil is not suitable, you can replant elms and willows, all of which have grown into a large number. He also asked officials at all levels to supervise the implementation. Dereliction of duty or false declaration shall be punished according to law. Traveler Kyle polo praised the tree planting activities in Yuan Dynasty in his famous travel notes. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the scale of afforestation was even larger. After Ming Taizu Buyi was born emperor, agriculture and mulberry became the national industry, which made mulberry, jujube, persimmon, chestnut and peach widely planted in the world. Only Zhongshan in Jinling and Kyoto (now Nanjing) has planted more than 500,000 trees.
Arbor Day officially stipulated in China is in modern times, 19 15. At that time, the government issued an order to take "Tomb-Sweeping Day" as Arbor Day every year. Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the pioneer of the democratic revolution, attached great importance to afforestation before his death. 1928 in April, the government of the Republic of China designated the date of Sun Yat-sen's death as March 12 Arbor Day to commemorate it. After the founding of New China, our party and government attached great importance to afforestation and listed greening China as a great project. President Mao Zedong issued a call for "greening the motherland" and "gardening" to the people of the whole country. New China started the "12 greening campaign", with the goal of "basically eliminating wasteland and barren hills in 12, and planting trees and greening in all houses, villages, roadsides, watersides and barren hills, that is, wherever possible." 1979 was adopted by the Fifth National People's Congress in February, and every March 12 was officially designated as Arbor Day. On the one hand, it commemorates Sun Yat-sen, who has been advocating afforestation; On the other hand, on March 12, after the fright and before the vernal equinox, the temperature obviously rose, and the roots of trees began to flourish. At this stage, planting trees is easy to survive. As the agricultural proverb goes, "If you plant trees in dog days, you will be surprised to plant trees in spring." So planting trees at this time is the most suitable for the whole country.
An interesting story about planting trees
China has a fine tradition of planting trees and greening mountains and rivers in ancient times, leaving many interesting things about planting trees, which are worth remembering and doing.
Celebrate the success of planting poplars
As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, the "ever-victorious general" Sha ordered all soldiers in the army to "plant a tree to celebrate their martial arts" every time they won a battle on the battlefield. Since then, this celebration of poplars has been accompanied by this god-like general, planting mountains all over the world.
Treating diseases and planting apricots
Dong Shou, a famous doctor in the Three Kingdoms, was skilled in medical skills, helped the poor and did not accept gifts for treating diseases. All he wants is to cure a mild patient, plant an apricot tree, cure 1 severe patient and plant 5 apricot trees. Over time, there were more than 65,438+10,000 apricot trees around his home, which was called "Lindongxing County". Later, whenever apricots were ripe, Dong Shou changed them into grain to help the poor. This is the "Xinglin story" that has been told through the ages. Since then, "Xinglin" has become synonymous with the medical profession.
Planting trees for children
According to Jia Sixie's Book of Qi Yao Min, 20 trees should be planted for each child. Trees can be used as wheels when you get married. According to a tree, you can make three sets of wheels, one set is worth 3 silk, and 20 trees are worth 180 silk, which is enough for marriage. Planting trees for babies was a popular custom at that time. Today, the Dong people and other ethnic minorities in Guizhou still have the habit of planting "daughter fir" for their children.
Homesick tree planting
In the Tang Dynasty, Princess Wencheng married Songzan Gampo, Tibet, and specially brought willow saplings from Chang 'an and planted them around the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa to express her thoughts about the willow-shaded hometown. Therefore, these trees are called "Liu Tang" or "Princess Willow", which has become a historical witness of the friendly exchanges between the two peoples.
Planting trees in it
There are two flourishing cypress trees in Houcheng Academy, Gujiang Township, Ji 'an County, Jiangxi Province, which were planted by Wen Tianxiang, a national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty, when he was a teenager. At that time, * * * planted five plants, one of which was planted upside down with its tail tip stuck in the ground. The students don't understand its meaning. Wen Tianxiang said: "I will try my best to serve the country in the future. This cypress tree was the same year." After the cypress planted later survived, the fallen cypress branches and leaves hung upside down, which made it interesting. Celebrities of all ages admired its charm, and the poet Hu of Qing Dynasty also wrote a poem of "Houheng Cooper" to praise it.
Plant willows in the secretariat
When Liu Zongyuan, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, served as a secretariat in Liuzhou, he not only strongly advocated afforestation, but also "planted 200 oranges by himself, bringing new leaves to the city in spring." He also mobilized the people to green the banks of the Liujiang River, and humorously wrote: "Liuzhou Liuci history, planting Liujiang River."
Zhu Yuanzhang planted persimmons.
When Zhu Yuanzhang was young, he was poor and often went hungry. On one occasion, Zhu Yuanzhang, who had not eaten for two days, saw a persimmon tree full of ripe persimmons and hurried to collect them to satisfy his hunger. When he became emperor, he did not forget the "favor" of persimmon trees, and ordered the people to plant two persimmon trees in every household.
Zuogong Liu Zhi
When Zuo was governor of Shaanxi but Gansu, he started from Tongguan in the east and went to Xinjiang in the west, and ordered to plant trees along the way. The notice was well known: "Anyone who destroys trees will engage in military law." While guarding the border in Xinjiang, he also ordered soldiers to plant thousands of miles of willows from Yumenguan to Dihua (now Urumqi) and Aksu. He once wrote: "Newly planted willows are 3,000 miles long, leading the spring breeze through Yumen Pass." This poem. Pingliang, Liupanshan and Aksu now have some "Left Gong Liu" planted by several people in those years.
Planting trees in Zhongshan
Sun Yat-sen likes planting trees since he was a child. /kloc-When he returned to America at the age of 0/7, he brought back a sour bean tree from Honolulu and planted it in the yard. He emphasized that China must "accelerate agriculture and stress tree art" and advocated "establishing a large-scale national forest".
Write poems to protect trees
Patriotic star Feng Yuxiang loves trees as much as his life. He once made a military order to protect trees in the army: "One horse chews one tree, the rod is responsible for twenty, and ten trees are replanted." He was stationed in Beijing and led the officers and men to plant trees extensively. He is called "general tree planting". When he was stationed in Xuzhou, he led troops to plant a large number of trees, and wrote a poem on forest protection for the military and civilians: "Lao Feng was stationed in Xuzhou, and the trees were green; Whoever cuts down my tree, I will cut off his head. "
The benefits of tree planting
First of all, afforestation provides many useful raw materials and supplies for people's life and industrial and agricultural production. For example, in terms of eating, there are all kinds of sweet and delicious fruits; Fragrant tea; There are also nourishing Ligustrum lucidum on the holly tree, delicious ginkgo and other precious medicinal materials. As far as uses are concerned, wood is needed for construction, coal mining, transportation, manufacturing vehicles, ships, ruler machines, bridge building, docks, paper making, etc. For example, to build a house with a mixed structure of 1000 square meters requires wood 130 cubic meters; Mining 1000 tons of coal requires 22 cubic meters of pit wood. In agricultural production, a large number of farm tools we use are also inseparable from wood.
Wood processing products are more popular. Sawdust can be hydrolyzed to get glucose, nocturnal emission and other substances. 50 kg sawdust can extract 37 kg syrup or 10 kg crystalline glucose, which can be used in food or medicine. Every 1 m3 of dry sawdust, 70 kg of alcohol, 4.2 kg of aldehyde, 33 m2 of dry ice 18 kg of wood board can be extracted. Every 100 kg of birch bark can extract 15 kg ~ 30 kg of birch bark tar, which can be used to prepare wood preservatives or process and extract gasoline and other substances. With 1 m3 of wood, rayon or wool can be made150kg, which is equivalent to the annual output of 7.5mu cotton field or 20 ~ 30 sheep. There are also plywood and fiberboard used for building and furniture, which are mostly made of "waste" left by deforestation and wood processing. As for the tires on the vehicle, everyone must know that they are "born out" from rubber trees.
Secondly, afforestation can provide oxygen for human beings, purify the air, beautify the environment and protect the ecological environment. We know that people inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide every day. On the other hand, trees are constantly carrying out photosynthesis in the sun-inhaling carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. According to statistics, an acre of forest can absorb 67 kilograms of carbon dioxide and release 49 kilograms of oxygen every day, which is enough for 65 adults to breathe. Because forests provide shade and shelter from the wind, trees breathe and transpiration, and places with forests are warm in winter and cool in summer, so they can recuperate in summer. Trees can stick dust in the air and make the air fresh. Scientific tests show that one acre of forest can absorb 4 kilograms of toxic gas sulfur dioxide a month and 20-60 tons of dust a year. In addition, trees will produce a lot of special air in the process of breathing, which can treat some diseases and have a good effect on human body. For example, birch, poplar and juniper can secrete plant antitoxin, which can kill diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid and dysentery. Planting trees on both sides of the road can reduce noise, and various trees, flowers and green branches and leaves can beautify the environment and provide an ideal environment for people to study, work and live.
Thirdly, afforestation can preserve soil and water, and effectively control soil erosion and land desertification. Many places in China have low vegetation coverage and serious soil erosion. Especially in the Yellow River Basin, due to the loose soil, every rainy season, rain washes away, and a large amount of sediment flows into the Yellow River, which makes the river turbid and the riverbed elevated, which brings great difficulties to flood control. Planting more trees can control soil erosion. Because trees have huge roots, which grip the soil like giant hands. Water in the soil is absorbed by roots and stored. According to statistics, an acre of forest stores 20 tons more water than no forest area. The most effective and important method in desert control is to plant trees. Because "the main weapons of desert attacking human beings are wind and sand" (in Zhu Kezhen), a large number of afforestation can form a series of shelterbelts, reduce wind speed and wind power, fix sand dunes, and play a role in controlling sandstorms.