1. Appreciation of classic ancient poems, literary common sense background and analysis of individual words
Jiang Chengzi ① Dreams recorded on the night of the 20th day of the first lunar month of Yi Mao ② Su Shi of the Song Dynasty Ten years of life and death are uncertain.
If you don’t think about it, you will never forget it. Thousands of miles of lonely tomb, no place to speak of desolation.
Even if we meet each other, we should not know each other, our faces are covered with dust and our temples are like frost. At night, you suddenly return to your hometown with a deep dream.
In the small window, I am dressing up. They looked at each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears.
It is expected that the broken heart will be cut off every year, and on a bright moonlit night, there will be short pines. The author was 1036-1101, whose courtesy name was Zizhan and whose name was Dongpo Jushi.
People from Meishan (now part of Sichuan). He was a Jinshi in the Renzong Dynasty of the Song Dynasty. He once knew Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou, Yingzhou, Hangzhou and other places, and served as the Minister of the Ministry of Rites.
His career was full of ups and downs: during the reign of Emperor Shenzong, he was demoted to Huangzhou for the crime of "composing poems to slander the imperial court"; during the period of Emperor Zhezong, he was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou for the crime of "writing poems to slander the imperial court". His posthumous title was Wenzhong.
He is the most famous writer in the Song Dynasty. His poems, lyrics and prose are all unique. His poems are majestic, broad and outstanding, setting a new style apart from the traditional style of Huajian poems.
He also incorporated poetry into lyrics, opened up the realm of poetry, respected the style of poetry, and made many innovations in the poetry world of the Northern Song Dynasty. Comments ① Also known as "Jiang Shenzi". Double tone, seven crosses, flat rhyme.
②Yimao: the eighth year of Xining (1075). Appreciation: Su Shi was the first to use words to express condolences.
This eulogy uses a variety of artistic expression methods such as separation, combination, pauses, combination of virtual and real, and narrative outline to express the author's thoughts and feelings of missing his deceased wife, and blending his own life experience into his grief for his deceased wife. It expresses the emotions between husband and wife in a profound and sincere way, making people feel emotional and sigh after reading it. When he wrote this poem, it was when the author was in charge of knowing Mizhou.
At that time, Su Shi was in ups and downs in his official career, traveling here and there, and he felt very old. At this time, it was natural to miss his sweet and happy couple. The author married Wang Fu from the county when he was nineteen and left Shu to pursue an official career. The couple loved each other and respected each other as guests. Unexpectedly, Wang Fu died ten years later and was buried in Zuying, his hometown in Sichuan.
The living and the dead are forever separated, but the emotional ties are unbreakable and always exist. After these ten years, I have been helpless between life and death.
The two sentences "If you don't think about it, you will never forget it" may seem ordinary, but they come from the heart and are very sincere. Life and death meet, Yin and Yang are separated, but they cannot be forgotten.
This kind of feeling buried deep in my heart is difficult to eliminate. Because the author is middle-aged, he expresses the normal relationship between husband and wife when people enter middle age and bear the sorrows of their lives together. It is as ordinary as daily life, but it is light and lasting, and it lasts for a long time.
It can better show the undying love. The words in the back are "A lonely grave thousands of miles away, and there is no place to talk about the desolation."
Following the confusion of life and death in the front, it looks even more miserable and helpless. It seems to make you feel a lonely grave thousands of miles away, and the desolate scenery with the howling autumn wind all over the sky.
The author returned to reality, thinking that even if he saw his first wife again, an old and frustrated wife like him would not recognize him. The conversation turns to the author's faint dream. In his home in his hometown, Wang Fu in the dream is "dressing up outside the small window", like a married woman who has not been married for a long time. The image is very beautiful, bringing out the joy of Su Shi's boudoir at that time. .
However, the changes in the world over the past ten years, especially the psychological trauma, are obvious to both parties. Facing each other but not knowing what to say, we can only let the tears pour down.
The last paragraph "It is expected that every year, at the place where the heart is broken, on a bright moon night, there are short pine hills." It is a sigh of reality. Only the bright moon night and short pine hills are real, and they are the only ones that exist every year. Years of sorrow and condolences.
2.100 pieces of Chinese language knowledge
1. The first female poet is: Cai Yan (Wen Ji) 2. The first female lyricist is: Li Qingzhao 3. The first part The dictionary is: Erya 4. The first encyclopedia is: Yongle Dadian 5. The first collection of poems is: The Book of Songs 6. The first anthology: Zhaoming Anthology 7. The first dictionary: Shuowen Jiezi 8. The first collection of myths: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 9. The first collection of novels about people in classical Chinese: Shishuoxinyu 10. The first collection of novels about people in classical Chinese: Searching for the Gods 11. The first work in the form of quotations: The Analects of Confucius Part 1 General history of biographies: Shi Ji 12. The first chronological history book is: Spring and Autumn Period 13. The first chronological history: Han Shu 14. The first military book: Sun Tzu's Art of War 15. Articles about two Sima of the Western Han Dynasty: Sima Qian and Sima Xiangru 16. Yuefu Double Bibi: Mulan The poem "Peacock Flying to the Southeast", together with "Qin Women's Song", is the three masterpieces of Yuefu 17. The Double Jewel of History: Historical Records Zi Zhi Tong Jian 18. The second beat: the first carving is surprising, the second carving is surprising (Ling Mengchu) 19. The Great Li Du: Li Bai, Du Fu Little Li Du: Li Shangyin and Du Mu 20. The Gemini Constellation of Modern Chinese Literary Circles: Lu Xun and Guo Moruo 21. Three Immortals: Establishing Virtue and Merit 22. gt; Three Biography: Zuo Zhuan Gongyang Zhuan Gu Liang Zhuan 23. Three Kings: Xia Yu and Shang Tang Duke of Zhou 24. Three Mountains: Abbot Yingzhou of Penglai 25. Three Religions: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism 26. Three Dukes: Zhou Dynasty: Sima Situ Sikong Western Han Dynasty: Prime Minister Taiwei Yushi Dafu Qing and Ming Dynasty: Taishi Taifu Taibao 27. Three Cao: Cao Cao Cao Pi and Cao Zhi 28. The three ancient buildings in the south of the Yangtze River: Yueyang Tower in Hunan, Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang, and Tengwang Pavilion in Nanchang. 29. Three friends of the cold year: pine, bamboo, and plum. 30. Three Yuan in the scientific examination: the provincial examination, the general examination, the palace examination, and the first place in Zi (Jie Yuan, Hui Yuan) , No. 1) 31. The first of three tripods in the palace examination: the second-place finisher 32. China’s three quintessences: Peking Opera, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese Painting 33. Three words: clear words to enlighten the world, words to warn the world, and words to awaken the world (Feng Menglong) 34. Three Confucian classics: Zhou etiquette Book of Rites 35. Three Officials: Xin'an Officials, Shihao Officials, and Tongguan Officials 36. Three Farewells: Newlywed Farewell, Elderly Farewell, Homeless Farewell 37. Mao Dun's "Eclipse" Trilogy: Disillusionment, wavering pursuit of rural areas: Spring Silkworms, Autumn Harvest, and Winter Remaining 38. Ba Jin’s “Love” Trilogy: Thunderstorm and “Torrent” Trilogy: Family Spring and Autumn 39. The first history of a country: Mandarin 40. The first special collection recording the words and deeds of advisers, strategists and disciples: National Policy War 41. Chapter A historical prose that records personal words and deeds: Yan Zi Chun Qiu 42. The first great patriotic poet: Qu Yuan 43. The first long narrative poem: The Peacock Flying Southeast (357 lines, 1785 words) 44. The first literary criticism monograph: gt; (Cao Pi) 45. The first pastoral poet: Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming 46. The first monograph on literary theory and criticism: gt by Liu Xie, a Liang native in the Southern and Northern Dynasties; 47. The first monograph on poetry theory and criticism: gt by Zhong Rong, a Liang native in the Southern and Northern Dynasties ; 48. The first popular science work, a comprehensive academic work written in notebook style: Shen Kuo's gt in the Northern Song Dynasty; 49. The first diary travelogue: Xu Hongzu's gt in the Ming Dynasty; 50. The first female poet, also Known as "the great poet of the generation": Li Qingzhao 51. my country's first full-length satirical novel: The Scholars 52. my country's first translation introducing the theory of evolution: Huxley's "gt" translated by Yan Fu, he is a person who does not understand foreign languages. But he became a translator.
53. The first collection of classical Chinese short stories written by an individual in my country: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 54. The first short story in the history of new literature in my country is: Diary of a Madman 55. The first to open up the "fairy tale garden" The writer is: Ye Shengtao 56. my country's first romantic mythological novel: Journey to the West 57. The first reportage work is: (Xia Yan) Bao Shenggong 58. The first writer in New China to win the title of "People's Artist": Lao She. His works are; Longxugou 59. The two major schools of thought in the pre-Qin period are: Confucianism and Mohism 60. The two major representatives of Confucianism are: Confucius and Mencius, who are revered as the Supreme Sage and the Lesser Sage respectively.
61. During the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years of the Tang Dynasty, there were two major schools of poetry: frontier poems represented by Gao Shi and Cen Shen, and styles represented by Wang Wei and Meng Zai. The former was vigorous and heroic, and the latter 62. Song poetry is often divided into two schools: bold and graceful. The former is represented by Su Shi and Xin Qiji, and the latter is represented by Liu Yong, Zhou Bangyan, and Li Qingzhao.
63. The two major banners held high by the "May 4th" New Culture Movement: opposing old ethics and promoting new morality, opposing old literature and promoting new literature 64. Two articles 65. There are two major epics in world literature : Iliad Odyssey 66. The Three Jewels of Buddhism are: Buddha (the one with great knowledge and enlightenment), Dharma (the teachings taught by the Buddha), and the Sangha (the person who inherits or promotes the teachings) 67. Three of the three obediences and four virtues: Obedience to the father before you are married, and obedience to your father when you are married. The four virtues of a husband and his son are: the wife’s virtues, her words, her appearance, her appearance, her merits, her speech, her manners, her manners, her work. 68. The first, middle, and last are collectively referred to as the three volts. The third Geng day of the Summer Solstice Festival is the first day of the first fall, the fourth Geng day is the first day of the middle fall, and the first Geng day after the Beginning of Autumn is the first day of the last fall.
The first fall, ten days after the last fall, and ten or twenty days after the middle fall. 69. Three Cardinal Principles and Five Constant Principles: Three Cardinal Principles: The Father is the Son, the Group is the Minister, the Husband is the Wife, the Five Constant Principles: benevolence, justice, propriety, wisdom, faith. 70. Three aunts and six women: Three aunts: nuns, Taoist nuns, Gua aunts and six women: matchmaker, master woman (witch), Yapo, Qianpo, Yaopo and midwife. Po 71. Three Emperors and Five Emperors: Three Emperors: Fu Xi Sui Ren Shennong Five Emperors: Yellow Emperor Zhuan Suo Emperor Ku Yao and Shun 72. Three Religions and Nine Streams: Three Religions: Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism Nine Streams: Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, Dharma, Ming Mo Zongheng Zaonong 73. Three Mountains and Five Sacred Mountains: in the East China Sea Three Fairy Mountains: Yingzhou, Penglai, and Abbot; Five Mountains: Dongyue Taishan, South Mountain Hengshan Mountain, West Mountain Huashan Mountain, North Mountain Hengshan Mountain, Zhongyue Mountain Songshan 74. Three natures: Cattle, sheep and pigs (Tailao) for sacrifice (without cattle, Shaolao) 75. Trinity Law: The principles of drama creation formulated by European classical broad drama theorists are the same place, the same time, and the same plot.
76. Buddhist Samadhi: Stop all worries and focus on one thing. (One of the methods of practice) 77. Buddhist Tripitaka: The basic teachings are generally described as sutras, the precepts are stated as laws, and the teachings are expounded as treatises (those who are familiar with Tripitaka are called Tripitaka masters) 78. Three Provinces and Six Parts: Three Provinces: Zhongshu Province (decision-making) Menxiasheng (Deliberation) Shangshu Province (Execution) Sixth Department: Li Hu Li Bing Xing Gong 79. Three Su: Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe Three Armies: Upper, Middle, Lower, Left, Middle, Right, Sea, Land and Air 80. Three Wu: Wu County, Wuxing, Kuaiji (Danyang) Three Kingdoms: Wei, Shu and Wu 81. Three Qin: King Yong (west) King Sai (east) King Qu (northern Shaanxi) 82. Three Chu: Gangling-Nan Chu Wu-East Chu Pengcheng-West Chu 83. Three primary colors: red, green and blue 84 .Three tombs and five canons: Three tombs: Fuxi, Shennong, and Huangdi. Five canons: Shaohao, Zhuanxu, Gaoxin, Tang Yao, Yushun. 85. The Three-Body Stone Classic: Shangshu Chunqiu Zuozhuan, ancient prose, small seal script, and Chinese official script written in three scripts. 86. Four classic books: The Analects of Mencius and the Doctrine of the Doctrine. 87. Four major categories of books: Taiping Yulanchufu Yuangui Wenyuan Yinghua Complete Chinese 88. Four monarchs of the Warring States period: Mengchang Jun of Qi.
3. Classic inspirational sentences in ancient Chinese prose
For those who are determined, things will come true. If the cauldron sinks the boat, a hundred and two Qin passes will eventually belong to Chu; those who work hard will not be let down by God. A thousand Yue Jia can swallow Wu. If a young man does not work hard, the old man will be sad. Original address: 100 inspirational quotes from Chinese classics. Author: Xiaoyo 1. Heaven moves vigorously, and a gentleman strives for self-improvement. ? Translation: As a gentleman, you should have a strong will. , the spirit of never-ending struggle, striving to strengthen self-cultivation, complete and develop one's studies or career. Only by doing this can one reflect the will of God and live up to the responsibilities and talents given to a gentleman by the universe.? 2. Don't be evil because of small things. To do it, don't do it because it is a small and inconspicuous bad thing. - "Three Kingdoms" Liu Bei's words? Translation: Don't do anything just because it is a small, inconspicuous bad thing; on the contrary, for some small things. But don't do good things that benefit others just because they don't mean much. 3. Seeing good things is like missing out, and seeing bad things is like exploring the soup. - "The Analects" Translation: When you see good people, you are afraid that it will be too late. Learn from him. When you see good things, you are afraid that you will not be able to do them too late. When you see evil people or bad things, it is like coming into contact with hot water. You should leave immediately and stay away. 4. If you are generous to yourself but do not blame others, you will be far away from resentment. - "The Analects of Confucius"? Translation: If you work hard and take the main responsibility, if you make mistakes and take the main responsibility, it is "be generous to yourself", and to be more understanding and tolerant to others is " "Don't blame others", in this case, there will be no resentment towards each other. 5. The beauty of a gentleman is not the evil of a man. The villain is. - "The Analects"? Translation: A gentleman always starts from what is kind or beneficial to others. Proceeding from the desire of others, wholeheartedly encourage others to realize their good intentions and legitimate requirements. They will not look at the world with cold eyes or fear that the world will not be chaotic, and will not add fuel to the flames when others have failures, mistakes or pain. On the contrary, it is always "the evil of adults is not the beauty of adults". ? 6. When you see the virtuous, you should think about it, and when you see the virtuous, you should introspect yourself. - "The Analects"? Translation: When you see someone who has strengths that exceed yourself in a certain aspect If you see someone with some shortcomings or shortcomings, you should calmly reflect on it and see if you have the same shortcomings or shortcomings as others. ? 7. Don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you. - "The Analects" Translation: If you don’t want anything (pain, disaster, misfortune...), don’t impose it on others. 8. Be benevolent , not to be left to the teacher. - "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: When encountering a good thing that should be done, one should not hesitate. Even if the teacher is nearby, one should rush to do it. Later it developed into the idiom "? Do one's duty without giving in." 9. A gentleman wants to be slow in speech but quick in action. - "The Analects"? Translation: A gentleman will not talk too much, but he will be quick and dexterous in doing things. Lan. - "Book of Changes"? Translation: People who work together are strong enough to break hard metal; people who work together express unanimous opinions and have strong persuasion, and people are like smelling the fragrance of orchids. , easy to accept. ? 11. A gentleman hides his weapons in his body, waiting for the time to move. - "Zhouyi"? Translation: Even if a gentleman has outstanding talents and superior skills, he will not show off or show off everywhere. Instead, he will use them when necessary. Talents or skills are displayed. 12. Fullness will cause losses, but humility will benefit. - "Shang Shu" Translation: Being complacent with the achievements you have achieved will lead to losses and disasters; being humble and always feeling your own shortcomings will lead to success. Therefore, it benefits. 13. Isn’t it a gentleman if a person doesn’t know something but is stunned? ——"The Analects of Confucius" Translation: If I have achieved something and others don't understand it, I will never feel angry or aggrieved. Isn't this also a sign of gentlemanly demeanor? ? 14. Be true to your words and be resolute in your deeds. - "The Analects" Translation: You must keep your word when you say it; when you decide what you want to do, you must do it resolutely and courageously. 15. No idea, No need, no solidity, no me. - "The Analects of Confucius"? Translation: Tell the facts, don't make assumptions out of thin air; don't be arbitrary or willful when things happen, just do what's feasible; act flexibly, not rigidly; don't do everything with "I" Be the center, don’t be self-righteous, work together with the people around you, and achieve the same goals
Complete the task. ? 16. When three people are walking together, there must be someone who is my teacher. Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones. - "The Analects"? Translation: When three people are together, there must be someone among them. If there is something worth learning from him, then he can be my teacher. I choose his strengths to learn from, and I will learn from his shortcomings and shortcomings and correct them. 17. A gentleman asks for help. Self, the villain seeks others. - "The Analects" Translation: A gentleman always blames himself, looking for shortcomings and problems within himself. A villain often looks at others, looking for other people's shortcomings and deficiencies. 18. A gentleman is magnanimous, and a villain has long-term relationships. ——"The Analects"? Translation: A gentleman is open-minded, frank and clean in his thoughts, and his appearance and movements appear to be very comfortable and stable. A villain has too many desires in his heart and a heavy psychological burden, so he will Often worried and worried, and appear uneasy in appearance and movements, often unable to sit or stand firmly.? 19. Don’t blame God, don’t blame others. - "The Analects of Confucius"? Translation: When encountering setbacks and failures, never Look for excuses objectively and never push the responsibility to others. Later it developed into the idiom "blame God, blame others". 20. Don't express your anger, never make mistakes. - "The Analects" Translation: Don't express your anger when you make a mistake Others, and don’t do it a second time.)? 21. A small amount of intolerance will mess up a big plan. - "The Analects" .If you are intolerant of small things, if you have no tolerance, it will affect the overall situation and ruin the big things. 22. The villain's faults will also be punished. - "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: The villain must cover up his own mistakes. 23. To make a mistake without correcting it is to make a mistake. - "The Analects of Confucius"? Translation: If you make a mistake and do not correct it, this is a real mistake. ? Translation: A gentleman devotes himself to the fundamentals and establishes the fundamentals, and the "Tao" will naturally arise. ? 25. A gentleman is ashamed of his words rather than his actions. - "The Analects" ? Translation: A gentleman thinks that it is shameful to talk more and do less. 26. Think twice before acting. - "The Analects" - Translation: Everything you do must be done after repeated consideration. 27. Doing too much unrighteousness will lead to self-destruction. - "Zuo Zhuan" ? Translation: Doing too many bad things will eventually lead to self-destruction. 28. No one has ever made a mistake, and if he can correct his mistakes, there is no greater good. ——"Zuo Zhuan" ? Translation: Everyone is likely to make mistakes and make hunting mistakes. , as long as he corrects himself, he will still be the best person.? 29. Don’t hide it with a hint.
4. General knowledge about Chinese literature in the seventh grade
General knowledge about literature in seventh grade, Volume 1, Unit 1 1. *On the other side of the mountain (Wang Jiaxin), the poet. The sea in the poem refers to Mountain refers to the ideal state; mountain refers to many difficulties and obstacles. 2. Take one step, then another step (Morton Hunter) The philosophy contained in this article: On the road of life, no matter what difficulties and obstacles you face, as long as you take the big Divide the difficulties into small difficulties, and solve the small difficulties seriously one by one, and you will eventually overcome the huge difficulties and win the final victory. 3. The two short essays - both use the writing method of expressing one's ambitions by mentioning things. The difference is "Cicada" It first suppresses and then develops, while "Shell" goes straight to the theme and combines narrative and discussion. Cicada (Xiao Si)'s real name is Lu Weiluan, a Hong Kong writer. This article is selected from "The Teaching Notes". Shell (Xi Murong) Xi Murong, Taiwan Painter and writer. He has a collection of poems "Qili Xiang" and a collection of essays "There is a Song". This article is selected from "Fantasy Thoughts - Appreciation of Xi Murong's Prose". 4. Wisteria Waterfall (Zong Pu) Zong Pu, a modern female writer. Formerly known as Feng Zhongpu .This article is selected from "Tiexiao Renyu". This article uses a waterfall as a metaphor for wisteria and uses metaphorical rhetoric. It not only reminds the main content of the article, vividly writes the spectacular scene of wisteria in full bloom, but also hints at the purpose of the article. Center, so that the meaning of the endless river of life can be poetically expressed. Method consideration: How to appreciate the beautiful sentences describing the scenery? (1) Consider the wording in the sentence. (2) Analyze the rhetoric used in the sentence. (3) Figure out the emotions contained between the lines. The beauty lies in the wording - accurate, appropriate, vivid and expressive. The beauty lies in the rhetoric - metaphor, personification, and vivid images. The beauty lies in the structure - the beginning and end of the anaphora. The beauty lies in the writing - expressing the object and expressing the ambition, blending the scenes. 5. Childlike interest (Shen Fu). Zi Sanbai, a writer of the Qing Dynasty. This article is excerpted from "Six Notes of a Floating Life? Notes of Leisure Love" , is an autobiographical prose. Unit 2 6. Ideal (Liushahe) contemporary poet. This article is selected from "Liushahe Poetry Collection". 7. *Two short essays Street Tree (Zhang Xiaofeng) was born in 1941, one of the top ten essayists in Taiwan. This article Excerpted from "Zhang Xiaofeng's Selected Works" The First Time is So Good (Zhou Sushan), this article is selected from "Song of Silence" 8. *Life Fables (Excerpt) (Zhou Guoping) Main works include "Love and Loneliness", etc. 9. *My Faith (Marie Curie) That is, Marie Curie, a Polish, famous scientist, who won the Nobel Prize twice. 10. Ten chapters of "The Analects" Introduction to "The Analects" "The Analects" is a record of Confucius and his disciples The book of words and deeds consists of 20 chapters. It is one of the classic works of Confucianism. The styles of each chapter are as follows: one is quotation style (also called aphorism style), one is dialogue style, and the other is narrative style. "The Analects" is the main material for studying Confucius' thoughts. From the early years of the Han Dynasty to the two thousand years before the May 4th Movement, it has been a must-read for schoolchildren and has a great influence. Many sentences in the book are regarded as Idioms remain in modern language. Introduction to Confucius Confucius (551 BC ~ 479 BC) was named Qiu, with the courtesy name Zhongni. He was a great thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and the founder of Confucianism. He was a native of Zouyi, Lu State. He proposed the idea of ??"benevolence". , sorting out ancient classics such as "Poems" and "Books", and deleting and revising "Spring and Autumn". Unit 3 11. Spring (Zhu Ziqing), Zhu Ziqing (1898-1948), courtesy name Peixian, was born in Yangzhou, Jiangsu. Famous modern essayist and poet , scholar, and democratic fighter. Collection of poems and essays "Traces", collections of essays "Back", "Miscellaneous Notes on European Travel", "Miscellaneous Notes on London", etc. This article is selected from "The Complete Works of Zhu Ziqing". The structure is rigorous and exquisite. The author first writes about spring, and then divides it into several parts. Each aspect is described in detail, and finally it is summarized to wrap up the whole text and add the finishing touch. Research on writing methods: (1) observe carefully and grasp the characteristics of the scene (shape, color, sound, taste, etc.); (2) follow a certain order Describe scenes from different angles; (3) Use a variety of rhetorical techniques; (4) The descriptive language is accurate and vivid. 12. Winter in Jinan (Lao She) (1899-1966), a famous modern and contemporary writer and people's artist in my country, formerly known as Shu Qingchun , courtesy name Sheyu, his works include: novels "Lao Zhang's Philosophy", "Camel Looks", "Four Generations Under One Roof", novella "Crescent Moon", short story collection "Going to the Market", script "Longxugou" , "Teahouse". This article is selected from "Collected Works of Lao She". Language analysis: (1) "This circle of hills is particularly cute in winter, as if Jinan is placed in a small cradle." Using metaphorical rhetoric, the author Bundle
Jinan is compared to a baby, and the hills around the old city are compared to "little cradle", vividly describing the cuteness of Jinan. (2) "An old city, with mountains and water, all under the sun, warm and comfortable They are sleeping on the ground, just waiting for the spring breeze to wake them up." "Sleeping" and "waking up" are personifications, which personify the old city and give it a feeling and meaning of life, expressing the "warm and comfortable" nature of Jinan in winter. Characteristics. (3) "There are some small villages lying on the hillside, and some snow lies on the roofs of the small villages." Use the word "lying" to write about villages, write about snow, and write about their appearance and mood, as if writing about living things. , vivid and vivid. Research on writing methods: careful observation, grasping the characteristics, arranging the sequence, using rhetoric, and blending the scenes. 13. Summer Feeling (Liang Heng). Classic sentences: The color of spring is cold green, like blue waves, like tender bamboo, full of storage The feeling of hope; the color of autumn is hot red, like the sunset, like red leaves, marking the end of things. 14. *Autumn (He Qifang) modern poet and critic. This article is selected from "Prophecy". 15. Five ancient poems Guancanghai (Cao Cao) Cao Cao (155~220), also known as Emperor Wu of Wei, was a politician, strategist, and poet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. His courtesy name was Mengde, a native of Qiaojun (now Bo County, Anhui Province). His poems are known for their generosity and tragic nature. This book The poem is selected from "Collection of Yuefu Poems". The tone of this poem is desolation and generosity, and has always been regarded as a representative work of "Jian'an style". A native of Luoyang at the foot of Cibeigu Mountain (Wangwan), a poet of the Tang Dynasty. This poem is selected from "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" 》. Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake (Bai Juyi) Bai Juyi (772~846) was a great poet of the Tang Dynasty. His courtesy name was Letian. In his later years, he was also called Xiangshan Jushi. He was a native of Taiyuan, Shanxi. He advocated that "articles are composed according to the time, and songs and poems are composed according to the situation." , emphasizing that the form should serve the content. His works such as "Qin Zhongyin" and "New Yuefu" denounced the crimes of eunuchs and feudal towns colluding with each other to endanger the people and the country; his works such as "Guan Mao Mao" and "The Charcoal Seller" expressed the author's love for labor. He has deep sympathy for the suffering of the people. His long narrative poems "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" and "Pipa Song" are masterpieces that have been passed down through the ages. Selected from "Bai's Changqing Collection". Xijiang Yue (Xin Qiji) Xin Qiji (1140-1207), a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty .Zi Youan, Jiaxuan, a native of Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). Selected from "Jiaxuan Long and Short Sentences" Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty created a "bold" style of poetry, while Xin Qiji used his own patriotism.
5. Look for classic sentences in ancient Chinese literature.
It’s like discussing, studying, polishing. ("The Book of Songs·Wei Feng·Zhan Ao") 2. Those who speak are not guilty, but those who hear are warned.
("Book of Songs: Preface") 3. Stones from other mountains can attack jade. ("The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Crane") 4. Give me a peach and repay me with a plum.
("The Book of Songs·Daya·Yu") 5. There is no beginning for extravagance, and there is an end for Xianke. ("The Book of Songs·Daya·Dang") 6. Take a long breath to cover your tears, mourning the hardships of the people's lives.
(Qu Yuan (Li Sao)) 7. The road is long and long, and I will search up and down. (Qu Yuan (Li Sao)) 8. I cannot change my mind and follow the customs, otherwise I will be miserable and end up poor.
(Qu Yuan's "She Jiang") 9. A ruler is short, an inch is long. ("Chu Ci·Bu Ju") 10. I have a good heart, and even though I died nine times, I still have no regrets. .
(The Songs of Chu (Li Sao)) 11. His music is the most noble, and his harmony is the most humble. (Song Yu (Question to the King of Chu)) 12. Fullness brings harm, modesty benefits.
("Shangshu") 13. If you want to impose a crime, there is no excuse. ("Zuo Zhuan: The Ten Years of Duke Xi") 14. Who can do nothing but make mistakes?
("Zuo Zhuan") 15. The auxiliary chariots depend on each other, and the lips are dead and the teeth are cold. ("Zuo Zhuan: The Fifth Year of Duke Xi") 16. The warriors are restrained by the force of the people, and the women are temporarily exempted from the states.
("Zuo Zhuan·The Thirty-Two to Thirty-three Years of Duke Xi") 17. Never forgetting the past is the guide for the future. ("Warring States Policy·Zhao Ce") 18. It is not too late to mend the situation after it has been lost.
("Warring States Policy·Chu Strategy") 19. Know yourself and know the enemy, and you will never be defeated in a hundred battles ("Sun Tzu's Art of War: Attack") 20. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.
(" ("Laozi·Chapter 64")) 21. Misfortune lies in the place where blessings depend, and blessing lies in the place where disaster lies. ("Laozi·Chapter 58")) 22. The sky is vast, sparse and not leaking.
("Laozi·Chapter 73")) 23. He who knows others is wise, and he who knows himself is wise. ("Laozi") 24. Birds of a feather flock together, and people divide into groups.
("Book of Changes") 25. If a worker wants to do his job well, he must first sharpen his tools. ("The Analects of Confucius, Duke Wei Linggong") 26. Those who have gone by cannot be admonished, but those who have come can still be pursued.
("The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zi")) 27. Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you. ("The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan") 28. The three armies can seize the commander, but an ordinary man cannot seize the ambition.
("The Analects of Confucius·Zihan") 29. Learning without thinking means nothing, thinking without learning means peril. ("The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng") 30. Be tireless in learning and teaching.
("The Analects of Confucius·Shu Liang") 31. A gentleman is magnanimous, but a villain is always worried. ("The Analects of Confucius·Shuer") 32. If a person has no long-term worries, he must have immediate worries.
("The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong")) 33. Be true to your word and bear fruit in your deed. ("The Analects of Confucius·Zilu") 34. When making friends, keep your word.
("The Analects of Confucius·Xueer")) 35. If something is wrong, correct it; if not, then encourage it. (The Analects of Confucius) 36. It is tolerable, but what is intolerable?
("The Analects of Confucius·Bayi")) 37. Sensitive and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions. ("The Analects of Confucius·Gong Yechang") 38. My life also has a limit, but my knowledge also has no limit.
("Zhuangzi: Master of Health Preservation")) 39. It takes ten years to grow trees and a hundred years to cultivate people. ("Guanzi·Quanxiu") 4O. If the orange grows in Huainan, it becomes orange; if it grows in the north, it becomes orange.
("Yan Zi Chun Qiu") 41. If you are rich, you can help the world; if you are poor, you can only take care of yourself. ("Mencius: Devoting Your Heart") 42. Old people, I am old, and people are old; young people, I am young, and people are young.
("Mencius, Part 2 of King Hui of Liang") 43. The weather is not as good as the right place, and the right place is not as good as the people. ("Mencius Gongsun Chou") 44. The people are the most valuable, the country is the second most important, and the king is the least important.
("Mencius: Devoting one's heart") 45. Those who have attained the truth will receive many help, while those who have lost the path will receive little help. ("Mencius Gongsun Chou") 46. Born in good fortune and died in happiness.
("Mencius Sui Yu Xia") 47. Wealth and honor cannot lead to sexual immorality, poverty and lowliness cannot move, and power cannot bend. ("Mencius, Part 2 of Teng Wen Gong") 48. It is better to have no books than to believe in all the books.
("Mencius: End of the Heart") 49. Life is what I want; righteousness is also what I want; you cannot have both, and you must sacrifice life for righteousness. ("Mencius: Fish I Want") 50. If you persevere, the rotten wood will not break; if you persevere, the gold and stone can be carved.
("Gou Zi Encouraging Learning") 5l. The fluffy hemp grows in the hemp, and it is straight without support; the white sand is in the lift, and it is black with it. ("Gouzi Encouraging Learning") 52. A thousand-mile embankment collapses in an ant nest.
("Han Feizi·Yu Lao") 53. Running water does not rot, door hinges do not become beetles, and they move. ("Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals") 54. To study alone without friends is to be lonely and ignorant.
("Book of Rites·Miscellaneous Notes")) 55. One piece and one piece of relaxation, the way of civility and military affairs. ("Book of Rites·Miscellaneous Notes") 56. If jade is not polished, it will not become a tool; if a person does not learn, he will not know.
("Book of Rites·Xue Ji") 57. Everything will be established if it is forewarned, and it will be ruined if it is not forewarned. ("The Book of Rites: The Doctrine of the Mean") 58. If you are envious of fish in the abyss, it is better to retreat and build a net.
("Hanshu Biography of Dong Zhongshu") 59. A blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise. ("Huainanzi: Human Lessons") 60. A slightest mistake is a thousand miles away.
("Historical Records· Tai Shigong's Preface") 61. The peach and plum trees do not speak, but they create a trail of their own. ("Historical Records: Biography of General Li") 62. A wise man will lose something after a thousand worries; a fool will gain something after a thousand worries.
("Historical Records of the Marquis of Huaiyin") 63. Good medicine is bitter in the mouth and good for the disease, and loyal advice is hard on the ears and good for action. ("Historical Records") 64. Xiang Zhuang danced with the sword, aiming at Peigong.
("Historical Records of Xiang Yu") 65. A great person does not care about the details, and he does not hesitate to give in to the big gifts. ("Historical Records·The Original Notes of Xiang Yu") 66. You are a swordsman, and I am a fish.
("Historical Records of Xiang Yu") 67. If you don't make a sound, it will be enough.
("Historical Records·Comic Biographies") 68. King Wen was restrained and performed "Book of Changes"; Zhongniee wrote "Spring and Autumn"; Qu Yuan was exiled, and Nai Fu (Li Sao); Zuoqiu was blind, and he wrote "Guoyu"; Sun Tzu's feet were crippled, The Art of War was revised; Bu Wei moved to Shu, and was passed down from generation to generation in "Lü Lan"; Han Fei of the Qin Dynasty, "Shuo Nan" and "Gu Ang"; three hundred poems, most of which were written by sages out of anger
(Sima Qian's "Report to Ren An") 69. The rope cuts off the wood, and the water drops penetrate the stone. (Ban Gu's "Han Shu") 70. When the water is clear, there will be no fish, and when the people are at home, there will be no disciples. Han Shu·Dongfang Shuo Zhuan").