"Things are different and people are not the same. Everything is over. I want to shed tears first." It means: things are still there, people are not what they used to be, and everything has ended. I wanted to express my feelings, but before I could open my mouth, tears started to flow.

This sentence comes from "Wulingchun·Spring Festival Gala" by Li Qingzhao, a poet from the Song Dynasty. This poem was written by Li Qingzhao when he took refuge in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province in 1135 AD (the fifth year of Shaoxing, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty). At that time, the Jin soldiers invaded, her husband died of illness, and all the gold and stone cultural relics in the family were lost. The author was alone, wandering in the endless war, experiencing the rugged road of life and the ups and downs of life, the situation was miserable, and his heart was extremely sad.

The original text of the whole poem is as follows:

The wind abides in the dust and the fragrance of the flowers has gone, and I am tired of combing my hair day and night. Things are different and people are not the same. Everything stops. If you want to speak, you will shed tears first.

I heard that the spring in Shuangxi is still good, so I plan to take a boat trip. I'm afraid that the boat in Shuangxi cannot carry many sorrows.

What does the whole poem mean? Translate it into vernacular as follows:

The wind has stopped, the flowers have withered away, and only the dust still carries the fragrance of the flowers. I looked up and saw that the sun was already high, but I still had no intention of dressing up. Things are still there, people are not what they used to be, and everything is finished. I wanted to express my feelings, but before I could open my mouth, tears started to flow.

I heard that the spring scenery in Shuangxi is quite good, so I plan to go boating. I'm afraid that a small boat like a grasshopper in Shuangxi cannot carry the heavy sorrow in my heart!

There are some words that I think need to be explained separately so that we can better understand the meaning of this poem:

Wulingchun: the name of the word brand, also known as "Wulinchun", "Hua Xiangrong", a double tone Xiaoling. There are forty-eight characters in double tone, with four sentences and three flat rhymes in the upper and lower columns. This poem is a declension.

Dust fragrance: Falling flowers touch the ground, and the dust is also contaminated with the fragrance of falling flowers. Flower: One is "spring".

Day and night: One is "sunset" and the other is "sunset". Combing hair: In ancient times, women had a habit of dressing up first thing after getting up.

Things are different and people are different: Things are still there, but people are not what they used to be.

First: the first word is "bead", Shen Jifei's "Ben Cao Tang Shi Yu" notes: "The first word is "bead", wrong. "Licheng County Chronicle of Chongzhen" wrote "If you want to shed tears first," the word "Yu" was mistakenly deleted.

Say: One is "Tao". "Shanghao": One means "to be good". Shuangxi: the name of the water, in Jinhua, Zhejiang, it was a famous tourist attraction with beautiful scenery in the Tang and Song Dynasties. There are two rivers, Donggang and Nangang, converging in the south of Jinhua City, so it is called "Shuangxi".

Prepare: prepare, plan. Qingzhou: a "flat boat".

舴苋(zé měng) Zhou: A small boat with two pointed ends like grasshoppers.

Now that we know the meaning of the whole poem, let’s appreciate it together:

This poem "Wulingchun" was written by the author after he became a middle-aged widow. No words of complaint can compare. This poem uses the scenery of late spring to express the depression and sadness deep in the poet's heart. The whole poem is one long and has three sighs. The language is beautiful, the artistic conception is beautiful, and the words are exhausted but the meaning is not exhausted.

This poem inherits the traditional lyrics method, adopts a speaking style similar to that in later operas, uses the first person tone, and uses a deep and melancholy melody to create a story of wandering in a lonely and desolate environment. The image of a talented woman.

This poem is concise and implicit, which shows Li Qingzhao’s skill in refining words and constructing sentences. Among them, the sentence "the wind and the dust have all gone," has reached its peak: it not only points out the scene of the wind blowing and rain, and the falling red flowers, but also depicts the charm of today's rain and the sky is clear, and the falling flowers have turned into dust; both writing It reveals the author's depression of not being able to go out on rainy days, and also expresses her feelings about cherishing spring and hurting herself. It is truly endlessly meaningful.

This poem goes from the outside to the inside, step by step, and excavates layer by layer. The top section focuses on the appearance, while the bottom section focuses on the heart. "Coming tired of combing hair in the evening" and "I shed tears first when I want to speak" are descriptions of the characters' external movements and expressions. The phrase "tired of combing my hair day and night" written here is another state of mind. At this time, she was devastated because of the Jin people's move south. Her like-minded husband Zhao Mingcheng had already passed away, and she was living alone in Jinhua. What she saw before her eyes was the annual spring scene. She missed people when she saw things, and people were different. She couldn't help but feel sad and sad. Everything comes to an end, and there is endless loneliness. Therefore, she gets better and better with each passing day and is too lazy to comb her hair. "If you want to speak, tears first flow" is written clearly and profoundly. Here Li Qingzhao writes about tears. He first uses "desire to speak" as a foreshadowing, and then lets the tears burst out of his eyes. It is a simple five words. The following words may seem simple, but the meaning is extremely profound. He pours out the uncontrollable sorrow at once, which is touching and heartfelt. Touching.

The bottom line of the poem focuses on exploring inner feelings. She first used three groups of empty characters "heard", "yeyi" and "only afraid" in succession as an opportunity for ups and downs, which was full of twists and turns and was deeply touching. The first sentence "I heard that Shuangxi is in good time for spring" suddenly came out. The poet was still crying just now, but when she heard that Shuangxi on the outskirts of Jinhua was beautiful in spring and full of tourists, she, a person who usually likes to travel, became interested in traveling. "It is also planned to go on a boat trip." "Spring is Shanghao" and "Fan Qingzhou" are easy to word and lively in rhythm, which appropriately express the poet's momentary joy. The word "Yeyu" preceded "Pan Qingzhou" is even more melodious and low-key, indicating that the poet's interest in traveling was temporary and not very strong. The word "light boat" provides a good foundation and foil for the sadness that follows. The two sentences following "I'm afraid" are followed by a violent ups and downs, making the emotion appear extremely deep.

Here, the reasons why Shangqian said that "I am tired of combing my hair at night" and "the tears flow first when I want to speak" are also profoundly revealed.

The outstanding feature of the artistic expression of this poem is the clever use of a variety of rhetorical techniques, especially metaphors. The use of metaphors in poetry is a common phenomenon; however, it is very difficult to use them novelly. Good metaphors often turn spirit into matter and abstract emotions into concrete images, which are innovative and unique. In this poem, Li Qingzhao said: "I'm afraid that a boat on the Shuangxi River cannot carry a lot of sorrow." She also uses exaggerated metaphors to describe "sorrow", but she made up her own new words, and used them very naturally and appropriately, without any fuss. trace. Readers say it is natural and appropriate because it comes from the word "Qingzhou" in the previous sentence, and "Qingzhou" comes from the word "Shuangxi". It embodies the emotion in the scenery and is natural, forming a complete artistic conception.

Finally, I think it is necessary to introduce the author of this article:

Li Qingzhao (March 13, 1084 - May 12, 1155) No. Yi'an Layman, Han nationality, from Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong Province. A poet in the Song Dynasty (at the turn of the Southern and Northern Song Dynasties), a representative of the Wanyue Ci School, she is known as "the most talented woman in the ages". In the early stage of his poems, he wrote mostly about his leisurely life, while in the later stage, he mostly lamented his life experience and had a sentimental mood. In terms of form, he makes good use of line drawing techniques, creates his own channels, and uses clear and beautiful language. The argument emphasizes the law of association, advocates elegance, puts forward the saying "don't be the same family" in lyrics, and opposes writing lyrics in the same way as poetry. He is capable of poetry, but not much remains. Some of his chapters are timely and historical, and his sentimental words are generous, which is different from his style of writing. There are "Collected Works of Yi An" and "Yi An's Ci", which have been lost. Later generations have a compilation of "Shu Yu Ci". Now there is "Li Qingzhao's Collection and Annotations".