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The Soviet, which means "Congress of Representatives" or "Committee" in Russian, refers to the organization created by the Russian proletariat during the 1905 revolution to lead the masses in revolutionary struggle. The organizational form originated from the Russian Revolution in 1905. It is a democratic form of workers and farmers. Its representatives can be elected and replaced at any time, implying the Paris Commune-style political form.

After the October Revolution, the Soviets became the symbol of Russia's new political power. The most basic production units in cities and villages had Soviets. Under the leadership of the Communist Party, the Soviets could not only legislate, but also Directly derived administrative agencies.

On November 7, 1917 (October 25 in the Russian calendar), the Russian people, under the leadership of the Bolshevik Party headed by B.И. Lenin, overthrew the landlord and bourgeois regime and achieved the success of the October Revolution. victory. On the day of victory, the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets was held, which adopted the "Message to Workers, Soldiers and Peasants" drafted by Lenin, declaring that all political power would return to the Soviets.

Since then, the Soviets have become the political organizational form of the Russian proletarian dictatorship. After the victory of the October Revolution, it merged into the Soviet of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies and became the power organ of the state at all levels. In 1934 it was renamed the Soviet of Workers' Deputies.