Edit this paragraph War and Peace - Introduction to the novel
Novel - Introduction
Tolstoy's voluminous novel. With its vast scenes and numerous characters, it has been called "the greatest novel in the world" and is an extraordinary achievement. "War and Peace" has been called "the greatest novel in the world" since its publication. This voluminous masterpiece vividly describes the major historical events and various areas of life in Russian society from 1805 to 1820 with an epic broadness and majestic momentum: "nearly a thousand characters, countless scenes, everything about national and private life. Possible realms, history, wars, all tragedies in the world, all kinds of passions, all stages of life, from the cry of a baby coming to the world to the final burst of emotion of a dying old man, all the joys and pains that a person can feel, all kinds of Possible inner thoughts, from the feeling of a thief who steals his companion's coin, to the noblest impulses of heroism and penetrating contemplation - are all represented in this painting, the author's vast coverage and total grasp of life. , fully revealing the inner connection between individual phenomena and things as a whole, personal destiny and the surrounding world, makes this novel have great ideological and artistic capacity. This is the first voluminous novel written by Tolstoy. The author connects war and peace, the front line and the rear, domestic and foreign countries, the army and society, the upper class and the lower class. It not only fully reflects the style of the times, but also creates a very broad typical environment for various typical characters. The author's description of the characters is complex and full, and he often uses contrasting artistic methods to express it. The genre is an innovation in the history of Russian literature, and it also surpasses the traditional norms of European novels.
Novel - Introduction to the Author
Lev Tolstoy (Л.Н.Толстой, Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Leo Tolstoy, 1828-1910), 19th century Russian literary realism The representative writer of Marxism, recognized as the greatest Russian writer, author of "The Western Canon", famous American literature professor and critic Harold Brun even called it "the only writer since the Renaissance who can challenge Homer and Dante" and the great writer Shakespeare”. Tolstoy, who has an "obsessive love" for literature, is the writer with the longest creation time, the largest number of works, the most profound influence, and the highest status in the history of Russian literature. He is a literature that emphasizes plot, model, realism, and criticism. The era reached its peak in his writing. The long masterpieces "War and Peace", "Anna Karenina" and "Resurrection" are three milestones in Tolstoy's literature and art. Over the past century, his works have been translated into languages ????in various countries, with cumulative sales of more than 500 million copies. He is a master among masters.
The magnificent conception and outstanding artistic description of "War and Peace" shocked the world literary world and became a universally recognized world literary masterpiece and a precious spiritual wealth of mankind. British writer Maugham and Nobel Prize winner Romain Rolland praised it as "the greatest novel in history", "the greatest epic of our time, and the Iliad of modern times".
"War and Peace" is a magnificent masterpiece. It centers on the issue of war and uses the lives of four noble families, Kuragin, Bolkonsky, Raustov and Bezhukhov, as clues. , shows the history of Russia in the first 15 years of the 19th century, depicts the lives of all classes, and is a magnificent epic that reproduces the social style of that time. The various characters in the work are accurately and delicately portrayed, and the scenery is as close as you can see. Although it is a novel written in the 19th century, it has been handed down to this day without any sense of isolation. The compassion for human nature revealed in it still touches people's hearts across time and space.
Novel - brief content
In July 1805, Napoleon led his troops to conquer Europe, and a fierce war was brewing between France and Russia. However, the upper class people in Petersburg still lived a quiet and leisurely life. The dignitaries gathered at the family banquet reception held by the empress's female officer and favorite Anna Pavlovna.
Attending the banquet were the high-ranking palace official Prince Vasily and his beautiful but misbehaving daughter Meilun, as well as a tall and strong young man named Pierre, who wore glasses and had short hair. Wear light-colored trendy shorts and a tan tuxedo. Pierre is the illegitimate son of the famous Moscow nobleman Bezhuhaof. He studied abroad since he was a child. He is 20 years old this year. After completing his studies, he returned to the country to find a job in the capital. As soon as he entered the banquet hall, he was very interested in people talking about Napoleon's European conquests. Here, he happily met the handsome and resolute young Andrei, the eldest son of Bolkonsky, the retired commander-in-chief of Emperor Paul, and the two soon became good friends.
At this time, Andrei was being called by General Kutuzov to serve as his herald and was about to go abroad to fight the Napoleonic army in Europe. His wife and sister Mary, who was about to give birth, repeatedly persuaded him Staying will not change his determination. He hopes to bring glory and glory to himself through this war. Before the expedition, Andrei sent his wife from the capital to her father who lived outside Moscow and entrusted his father to take care of her. So he rushed to the front line and caught up with the Russian commander-in-chief Kutuzov in Poland. The commander-in-chief sent him to serve in the joint column and received a commendation.
When Pierre returned to Moscow, he inherited all the inheritance from Count Bezhuhoff and became one of the leading capitalists in Moscow and the darling of the social world. His relative Vasili had long had a peek at the property of the Bezhuhauf family, and originally wanted to gain it by tampering with the will. After that failed, he deliberately tried to win over Peter, on the one hand to get him a big official position in Petersburg, and on the other hand to get him a big official position in Petersburg. She worked hard to arrange for her daughter Mei Lun, who was already a palace official, to marry Pierre in order to make money. In the end, his plan was successfully accomplished, but the marriage turned out to be extremely unfortunate. Pierre discovered the ambiguous relationship between his wife and his good friend Dobhoff. He fought with Dobhoff and luckily knocked down the opponent. Then he separated from his wife and fell into the dilemma of good and evil, life and death. , after joining the Freemasonry, he was influenced by the philosophy of magnanimity and took back his wife.
When Andrei returns to the commander-in-chief again, the battle of Austerrich between the Russian and Austrian forces against France is about to begin. Because at the pre-war military meeting, the opinions of several veteran generals were overruled and a strategy of immediate attack was adopted, the result was a disastrous failure. Andrei was wounded and captured. He fell into a coma on the way and was mistakenly thought by the enemy that he would not survive. Kutuzov also thought that Andrei was killed in action and sent a letter to his father to report his death. But Andre recovered with the help of ordinary people. After recovering, he went straight to his hometown. That night, his wife Lisa gave birth to a baby boy, but she died during childbirth. In loneliness and despair, Andre gave his wife the last kiss. He felt that life was meaningless and decided to live in the territory forever.
In June 1807, Russia and France made peace, and peaceful life began.
In the spring of 1809, Andrei Bolkonsky went to see Count Rostov on matters relating to the Nobility Association. At the count's house he was deeply attracted to Natasha, a young lady full of vitality. However, due to the strong opposition of the old Duke of Bald Mountain, they had to agree on a one-year buffer period, and then Andrei Bolkonsky went abroad. However, young Natasha could not bear the loneliness and could not withstand the temptation of Anatole, the brother of Pierre's wife Ellen, and agreed to elope without authorization. Therefore, the engagement with Andrei Bolkonsky was terminated. The complaint is invalid.
In 1812, Russia and France fought again. Andrei Bolkonsky was seriously injured in the Battle of Dobchino. However, the Russian army retreated steadily and saw that Moscow was about to fall. into the hands of the enemy. The Rostov family rerouted the carriage originally used to carry the family property to transport wounded soldiers, and Natasha was able to discover the dying Andrei Bolkonsky among the wounded soldiers. She apologized to him and looked after him enthusiastically, but everything was in vain. Andrei Bolkonsky still could not escape the god of death and died.
Pierre disguised himself as a farmer and wanted to wait for an opportunity to assassinate Napoleon, but was arrested by the French army and became a prisoner. His wife Ellen continued her dissolute behavior during the war, and finally died after accidentally taking abortion pills.
After several battles, Russia finally won. Pierre met Natasha by chance in Moscow, and the two got married. Andrei Bolkonsky's sister Maria also married Natasha's brother Nikola got married and formed a happy family.
Novel--Wonderful Sentences or Paragraphs
1 Everyone has flaws, just like an apple bitten by God. Some people have bigger flaws precisely because God likes them so much. His fragrance
2 Whatever seems silly, there must be something worthy of applause in it.
3 As long as people do not realize that the game of life is stupid, they will expect it. As soon as people can recognize its stupidity, they will kill themselves. This is what I will do.
4 No one thinks that admitting greatness that does not conform to the standards of right and wrong is nothing more than admitting his own worthlessness and infinite despicability.
5 If everyone fought only for his own beliefs, there would be no war.
6 They cried because they were friends and because they had good hearts; because they had been friends since childhood, but they were worried about such vulgar things as money; and because their youth had passed... But the two The tears are all happy.
7 Life, life, only at this time can people feel its beautiful connotations, which are often ignored by people in normal times. In fact, the true meaning of life lies in being able to freely enjoy the sunshine, forests, mountains, grasslands, and rivers, and in being satisfied with the ordinary. Others are irrelevant.
8 The highest wisdom has only one science - the science of the whole, which explains the entire universe and man's position in the universe. To obtain this science for yourself, you must purify and innovate your inner "self". Therefore, before understanding, you must believe and make yourself perfect. In order to achieve these goals, God's light is put into our hearts, which is called conscience
9 A person lives consciously for himself, but he is an unconscious part of the historical goals achieved by all mankind. tool. Actions committed by people are irreversible. One person's actions occur simultaneously with countless actions of others, and they have historical significance. The higher a person stands on the social ladder, the more people he has relationships with, the greater his power over others, and the more obvious his destiny and inevitability in every action become.
10 Emperors are slaves of history.
11 Only Germans are such people who are confident enough to be martyred, precisely because only Germans’ self-confidence is based on an abstract concept - science, which is false knowledge of absolute truth. The French are confident because they believe that they are equally irresistibly attractive to men and women, both intellectually and physically. The British self-confidence is based on the fact that he is the most organized people in the world, so he, as a British, always knows what he should do, and knows that, as a British, everything he does, there is no doubt that he is Yes. The Italian is confident because he is impulsive and tends to forget himself and others. The Russian is confident precisely because he knows nothing and does not want to know, and because he does not believe that he can fully understand anything. The German's self-confidence is the worst, the most stubborn and the most annoying, because he thinks he knows the truth and science. This science was invented by himself, but in his own opinion it is the absolute truth
12 Not only does a good commander not need genius or any special quality, but what he needs is a lack of the noblest and best qualities of mankind - love, poetry, kindness, philosophical and inquiring doubt. He should be restrained and firmly believe that what he is doing is important. Only then can he be a brave commander. God does not allow him to have humanity, to love or sympathize with anyone, or to think about what is right and what is wrong.
13 "Yes, love, but not the kind of love that loves for something, for what purpose, or for what reason, but the kind of love that when I die, I The love I experienced for the first time when I saw my enemy and still loved him. I experienced that feeling of love which is the essence of the soul and which needs no object. I also experience that feeling of happiness now. . Love your neighbor, love your enemies. Love all things - love in all its manifestations. Love your dear ones with human love; but love your enemies only with divine love. I felt such joy. How is his condition?
14 We can turn from love to hate with human love; but divine love cannot. Change. Neither death nor anything can destroy it. It is the essence of the mind. 15 The cause of historical events is the sum of all causes. This is the only cause.
Only when we completely give up the search for causes in our personal will can we discover these laws that we don't know, just like the laws of planetary motion can only be discovered when people give up the concept that the earth does not move.