Adhere to the principle of promoting and teaching together France and Germany, and deepen the cultivation and practice of socialist core values ??and rule of law publicity and education themed practical activities. Below I have compiled for you the ways for college students to improve their legal literacy. I hope you will like it.

Part 1 of Ways for College Students to Improve Legal Literacy

1. Current Status of Cultivation and Research on Legal Literacy of College Student Entrepreneurs

1. Current status of cultivation of legal literacy of college student entrepreneurs. Although at this stage, colleges and universities have generally strengthened entrepreneurship education for college students. For example, colleges and universities have widely offered "Entrepreneurship Basics" courses and related courses for college students. However, entrepreneurship education and teaching activities in colleges and universities focus more on stimulating entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurship ability and entrepreneurial quality for college student entrepreneurs. Students are rarely taught legal knowledge and professional legal procedures related to entrepreneurship. Even if they are involved, they are only Just taste it and stop. As a result, college student entrepreneurs generally lack basic entrepreneurial legal literacy, and some entrepreneurs even take risks and embark on the path of no return to illegal crimes. In addition, a large number of college student entrepreneurs lack basic awareness of legal rights protection, which results in college students being unable to use existing laws to protect their legitimate rights and interests during the entrepreneurial process, which greatly dampens college students' enthusiasm for entrepreneurship. From a national level, the current regulations on college student entrepreneurship issues are mostly concentrated at the level of policy regulations, resulting in multiple, complex, low-level and limited practicality. There is a lack of high-level and systematic laws on college student entrepreneurship. Regulations are not conducive to the cultivation and development of legal literacy among college students. At the same time, they also indirectly weaken the formation of entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial ability of college students.

2. Research status of "Cultivation of Legal Literacy among College Student Entrepreneurs". At present, there are few systematic and specialized studies on cultivating the legal literacy of college student entrepreneurs in our country. After conducting a literature search in the CNKI journal database, it was found that there were 2,558 papers with "entrepreneur" as the keyword in the title, and only 41 papers with "college entrepreneur" as the keyword in the title, accounting for all entrepreneurship education papers. 1.6% of the total, only 6 papers published in core journals were retrieved; and there were 0 papers with "college student entrepreneurs" and "rule of law literacy" as the keywords in the title. It is not difficult to see from this that theoretical research on cultivating legal literacy among college students seriously lags behind the needs of social reality. At the current stage, our country's research on college student entrepreneurs focuses on the analysis of entrepreneurs' entrepreneurial strategies, the study of entrepreneurs' basic entrepreneurial qualities such as ideological and moral quality, knowledge quality, ability quality and physical and mental quality, and the research and management capabilities of entrepreneurs. Exploration of some individual characteristics of entrepreneurs, etc. For example, Li Youping (2011) pointed out that "the main individual factors that influence college students' entrepreneurship are their own abilities, personality and knowledge... College students' entrepreneurial characteristics directly affect entrepreneurial performance." [1] Li Haidong (2013) pointed out, "College student entrepreneurship Entrepreneur quality is not only book knowledge, indirect experience and skilled professional skills, but more importantly, it refers to relevant social knowledge, experience and skills and techniques for dealing with social relations and problems... College student entrepreneurs should overcome their own weaknesses and transform them "[2] In addition, some research groups have also carried out special research on issues related to college students' entrepreneurship, but most of the research focuses on the exploration of entrepreneurial mechanisms, entrepreneurial paths and individual entrepreneurial qualities of entrepreneurs, and the legal literacy of college students' entrepreneurs. The current situation and cultivation issues are rarely covered, which shows the one-sidedness of the research. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to systematically study the legal literacy of college student entrepreneurs in the "Maker" era.

2. The necessity of cultivating the legal literacy of college student entrepreneurs

1. Cultivation of the legal literacy of college student entrepreneurs is the proper meaning of the "Chinese Dream of the Rule of Law". In November 2014, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Promoting the Rule of Law", which clarified the overall goal and basic direction of my country's future rule of law construction and outlined the rule of law. China’s beautiful blueprint. College students shoulder the great historical mission of realizing the "Chinese Dream of the Rule of Law" and are the mainstay of the construction of the rule of law in socialist countries; as college student entrepreneurs are the key force in promoting economic development and social progress, their legal literacy will definitely have an important impact on my country's economic construction and have an impact on the process of rule of law construction. Therefore, cultivating the legal literacy of college student entrepreneurs is one of the important links in promoting the realization of the “Chinese Dream of the Rule of Law”.

2. Conducive to promoting social and economic transformation and development. Colleges and universities have four basic functions: talent cultivation, scientific research, social services, and cultural inheritance and innovation. Currently, my country's economic development has entered a new normal, with industrial transformation and upgrading and innovation-driven development advocated in all fields. As universities that are the main position for cultivating professional and technical talents and entrepreneurial talents, serving regional economic and social development is currently one of the important functions of local ordinary undergraduate universities in my country. Universities take the initiative to explore the current status and cultivation paths of college students' legal literacy, and vigorously promote entrepreneurship education in the spirit of reform and innovation, which will help universities proactively adapt to and lead the new normal of my country's economic development, and proactively integrate into industrial transformation and upgrading and innovation-driven development.

3. It is conducive to promoting the reform of professional talent training in applied universities and comprehensively deepening the reform of higher education.

In May 2015, the "Implementation Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities" issued by the General Office of the State Council pointed out that "the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education lags behind and is not closely integrated with professional education... There is a shortage of practical platforms, insufficient guidance and support, and innovation The entrepreneurship education system needs to be improved urgently.” [3] In November 2015, the Ministry of Education, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the “Guiding Opinions on Guiding the Transformation of Some Local Undergraduate Colleges into Application-oriented Education” (hereinafter referred to as the “Guiding Opinions”). . The "Guiding Opinions" clearly stated that the idea of ??running colleges and universities should "shift to serving local economic and social development, to integrating industry and education with school-enterprise cooperation, to cultivating applied technical skills talents, to enhancing students' employment and entrepreneurship capabilities. "[4] At present, local ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities can only actively integrate college students' innovation and entrepreneurship education with the reform of professional talent training programs and curriculum system reforms, organically combine professional education with innovation and entrepreneurship education, and strive to explore ways to cultivate the legal literacy of college students' entrepreneurs. Only by adopting a scientific path and putting it into practice can we effectively improve college students' employment and entrepreneurship capabilities and achieve their reform goals of transformation and development ahead of schedule.

4. It is conducive to improving the entrepreneurial performance of college students and promoting employment through entrepreneurship. Faced with the current increasingly severe employment situation, the party and the government have given out a good prescription for how to solve the problem of employment difficulties for college students, which is to encourage and support college students to start their own businesses and create a positive interactive situation in which entrepreneurship drives employment. However, for a long time, the reality of college students' entrepreneurship has been extremely harsh. College students have high entrepreneurial intention, little practice, and low success rate. In this context, it is necessary to systematically study the cultivation of legal literacy among college students, condense the connotation and extension of the legal literacy of college students, clarify the scientific path to cultivate the legal literacy of college students, and cultivate the legal thinking of college entrepreneurs, so as to avoid the occurrence of legal literacy among college students. Failure to comply with the law, failure to abide by the law or negligence in breaking the law and committing crimes will eventually lead to entrepreneurial failure, which is of great significance for effectively improving the entrepreneurial enthusiasm and success rate of college student entrepreneurs.

3. Basic paths for cultivating the legal literacy of college student entrepreneurs

1. Incorporate the cultivation of entrepreneurial legal literacy into undergraduate talent training programs and create a new education system. First, coordinate the overall situation and incorporate the cultivation of entrepreneurial legal literacy into undergraduate talent training plans for various majors. Starting from the university level, cultivating the legal literacy of entrepreneurs is not a matter of one department. The cultivation of legal literacy of college students should have an overall top-level design. Colleges and universities should incorporate the cultivation of entrepreneurial legal literacy into the talent training programs of various undergraduate majors, integrate it into the entire talent training process, and organically combine professional education with entrepreneurial legal education. When specifically designing talent training programs, attention should be paid to downplaying professional boundaries, strengthening the intersection and integration between majors and disciplines, and strengthening the cultivation of practical application abilities. In this way, teachers and students can be promoted to collaborate in innovation and entrepreneurship, which is also the need for the close connection between talent training and social practice. In addition, entrepreneurial legal education should also be targeted, and some core legal courses related to entrepreneurship should be considered as required courses; secondary legal courses related to entrepreneurship can be considered as optional courses or public elective courses; For students with actual entrepreneurial needs, special elective courses or double degree courses may be considered. In the daily education and teaching process of colleges and universities, appropriate curriculum reform can be considered in the existing general courses to strengthen the education of college students' entrepreneurship and legal awareness in a targeted manner. For example, in the ideological and political education courses of colleges and universities, appropriate curriculum reform can be used to strengthen the The education of college students' entrepreneurship and legal awareness, emphasizing the education of college students' labor law knowledge in employment guidance courses, thereby ensuring the continuity of education and covering the entire period from entry to graduation.

Second, carry out in-depth curriculum reform and work together to create a new employment, entrepreneurship and education system. The cultivation of entrepreneurs' legal literacy cannot be accomplished by one teaching unit or one functional department alone. It should be coordinated and promoted jointly by teaching units and functional departments such as the Youth League Committee, Student Affairs Office, and Academic Affairs Office under the unified coordination of the school. education system. First of all, from the perspective of curriculum system design, the cultivation of legal literacy among college students should focus on the learning of basic theoretical knowledge of entrepreneurial law and the cultivation of basic practical application abilities of law. In terms of course content design, the basic legal knowledge that entrepreneurs need to possess can be divided into the following aspects based on the timeline of business establishment, operation, and management: First, laws related to market entities, such as company law and partnership law , sole proprietorship law, bankruptcy law, etc.; the second is laws related to the business behavior of market entities, such as civil law, tort liability law, contract law, product quality law, guarantee law, consumer rights protection law, intellectual property law, property law, finance and taxation Legal knowledge such as law and anti-unfair competition law; third, laws related to the management behavior of market entities, such as labor law, labor contract law, social security law, etc.; fourth, laws related to the rights protection of market entities, such as civil procedure law, Criminal Procedure Law, Administrative Procedure Law, Arbitration Law, Mediation Law, etc. Secondly, from the perspective of specific education and teaching implementation, curriculum design plans should be created with the goal of improving students' employment and entrepreneurship capabilities. The past "cramming" and "indoctrination" teaching models should be completely changed, and case-based teaching and project-based teaching should be fully implemented. New teaching methods such as experiential teaching and discussion teaching gradually expand students' right to choose courses independently, create a good atmosphere for students to actively participate in educational and teaching practice activities inside and outside the classroom, and effectively improve college students' innovation and entrepreneurship abilities.

2. Incorporate entrepreneurial legal literacy into the entrepreneurial competition evaluation system. At present, the most influential college student entrepreneurship competitions at home and abroad include the "Challenge Cup" Chinese College Student Entrepreneurship Plan Competition, the International University Internet of Biotechnology Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition, the Oxford International Youth Entrepreneurship Competition (YBD), and Harvard University's "China's Great Wisdom" (HSEC), AWS Global Entrepreneurship Competition and other competitions. Looking at the above competitions, domestic competitions are mostly led by the government, focusing on the goal of educating people, aiming to create an entrepreneurial atmosphere and promote entrepreneurial culture, and are obviously more competitive and demonstrative than practical. Foreign competitions are mostly hosted by societies, enterprises, and universities, with minimal government involvement, focusing on the subsequent transformation of the project and the economic benefits of the project. How to balance the educational and practical aspects of entrepreneurial competitions, improve the professionalism and simulation of entrepreneurial competitions, and realize the transformation from education-oriented to practical-oriented is an urgent problem that my country's current entrepreneurial competition and entrepreneurship education system needs to solve. In order to prevent entrepreneurs from bearing adverse legal consequences or suffering illegal infringement from others due to lack of basic legal literacy, when improving the entrepreneurial competition evaluation system, the basic entrepreneurial legal literacy should be condensed into specific assessment content and scientifically and reasonably included in the evaluation of entrepreneurial competitions. system. For example, an entrepreneurial legal training and testing system can be constructed to test the ability of competition participants to handle legal matters related to entrepreneurship, which mainly includes simulating the filling in of business establishment registration documents, simulating the signing of business legal documents, and simulating the handling of legal affairs. etc.

3. Build a three-in-one entrepreneurial legal cultivation mechanism of “the state, universities, and industry associations”. Although college student entrepreneurs subjectively have legal thinking and legal awareness, which has a profound impact on improving entrepreneurial performance, if there is only subjective awareness without specific practical actions, the rule of law can only be a castle in the air and elusive. In order to ensure the harmonious and healthy operation of the legal practice of college student entrepreneurs, a three-in-one entrepreneurial legal cultivation mechanism of "the state, universities, and industry associations" should be actively established. During the operation of this mechanism, the state is mainly responsible for optimizing the legal environment for entrepreneurship and providing a good legal practice environment for college students entrepreneurs at the legislative, law enforcement and judicial levels. This includes considering formulating targeted policies related to employment and entrepreneurship for college students. laws and regulations, providing special legal aid, etc.; universities should assume the responsibility of cultivating college students’ entrepreneurial legal awareness, popularizing entrepreneurial legal knowledge education, and promoting entrepreneurial legal culture; industry associations should actively provide training and consultation on legal practices in relevant industries for college students entrepreneurs and guidance services.

Part 2 of Ways for College Students to Improve Legal Literacy

The "Decision" of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed to promote the construction of China under the rule of law. To promote the construction of China under the rule of law, we must carry out in-depth legal publicity and education and enhance the awareness of the whole society to respect the law, abide by the law and use it. College students are an important force in promoting the construction of China under the rule of law, and their legal literacy directly affects the effectiveness of the construction of China under the rule of law. At present, the effectiveness of legal classroom teaching in colleges and universities is not ideal enough, and various measures need to be taken to optimize it to more effectively improve the legal literacy of college students.

Increase resource investment. Some colleges and universities do not pay enough attention to legal classroom teaching and invest insufficient resources, which directly affects the quality of legal classroom teaching and the improvement of college students' legal literacy. To change this situation, on the one hand, we should strengthen the construction of legal classroom teachers. Currently, legal education and ideological and moral education in colleges and universities are taught in the same course. Most of the teachers’ professional backgrounds are in ideological and political education, and they are difficult to be fully qualified for legal teaching tasks. While strengthening the legal professional training of existing legal classroom teachers, teachers with legal professional backgrounds should be introduced, and prosecutors and judges with rich legal practical experience should be recruited as part-time teachers. On the other hand, investment in legal classroom teaching should be increased. In addition to increasing the funding required for daily teaching in legal classes, we should also increase funding for a series of campus legal education activities other than traditional "small classrooms", such as student legal knowledge competitions, legal campus culture construction, legal education website construction and maintenance, etc.

Enrich teaching content. Rigid teaching content, poor practical relevance, and lack of practical links are the main problems in the content of legal classroom teaching in colleges and universities. They are also problems that need to be solved with great efforts to optimize legal classroom teaching. There must be a spirit of advancing with the times in enriching teaching content so that the content of legal classroom teaching in colleges and universities can adapt to the vivid practice of building a rule-of-law China. First of all, we should establish the concept of designing the teaching content of each class from three aspects: teaching legal knowledge, shaping legal awareness and cultivating legal ability. Secondly, typical cases should be selected from real life as teaching materials and embedded in legal classrooms to enrich classroom teaching content. Thirdly, we should pay attention to the legislative and judicial developments in our country and promptly select some appropriate materials to supplement the classroom teaching content.

Improve teaching methods. According to relevant surveys and analyses, teaching methods are the number one factor affecting the effectiveness of legal classroom teaching in colleges and universities. The traditional teacher-centered theoretical teaching method no longer adapts to the requirements of legal classroom teaching in the new era. Teachers of legal courses in colleges and universities should adhere to the teaching philosophy of being student-centered and oriented to improving students' legal literacy. Based on the actual situation of the school and students, based on modern information technology, they should comprehensively use problem-based, case-based, inquiry-based, discussion-based, etc. teaching methods.

For example, you can set questions to trigger students' thinking, use phenomena (cases) in life to stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning legal provisions and legal theories, cultivate students' ability to analyze and judge problems through discussion and inquiry, and improve students' ability to apply law through social practice. The ability to solve practical problems effectively improves the legal literacy of college students. In line with this, the large-class teaching of legal courses can be changed to small-class teaching, and the number of legal courses can be increased appropriately.

Improve the evaluation method. "Usual grades + final exam" is the main evaluation method currently used in legal classroom teaching in colleges and universities. Judging from the actual operating results, this teaching evaluation method has very limited effect on monitoring and improving the quality of legal classroom teaching, leading some students to study law based on the need to "pass" the final exam. It is highly utilitarian and cannot experience the fun of learning law. It deviates from the teaching goal of improving college students' legal literacy. Modern teaching evaluation methods should be introduced to give full play to their role in guiding, regulating, feedback and improving legal classroom teaching activities. Specifically, the evaluation methods for each major teaching link should be comprehensively designed with the goal of improving college students' legal literacy, especially to strengthen the assessment of students' daily learning, and increase the proportion of students' participation in legal practice in the evaluation, so as to guide students not only to pay attention to mastering legal knowledge, but also to And attach great importance to enhancing legal awareness and legal ability.

Part 3 of Ways for College Students to Improve Legal Literacy

Legal literacy, also known as legal literacy, refers to a person’s ability to understand and apply legal knowledge. In recent years, the overall legal literacy of college students has not significantly improved. Many college students have insufficient understanding of the law. Frequent college student crimes such as the Ma Jiajue case, Liu Haiyang case, Yao Jiaxin case, and Li Gang case have highlighted the lack of legal knowledge among some contemporary college students. The concept of legality is weak and the dignity of the law is ignored. According to relevant statistics, juvenile crimes have accounted for 70% to 80% of social criminal crimes in recent years, of which college students account for 17%. According to relevant statistical data, the number of students committing crimes in colleges and universities in my country accounts for 1.26% of the total number of students in colleges and universities, and the crime rate of college students is on the rise. Therefore, in the new era, it is of more practical significance to improve the legal literacy of college students and cultivate their legal thinking.

1 College students should develop legal thinking

Whether socialist legal thinking can be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people is an important guarantee for the smooth implementation of the strategy of governing the country according to law. Our legal education in colleges and universities not only shoulders the task of publicizing and popularizing legal knowledge to students, but also aims to improve the legal thinking level of college students. There are many ways to cultivate the legal thinking level of college students, such as learning legal knowledge and actively participating in legal practice. College students can develop legal thinking habits in practice.

1.1 College students should learn and master legal knowledge

Since the beginning of the new century, some illegal and criminal cases that have occurred on college campuses and college students have shown a trend of increasing year by year. According to a survey, 31% of the college students who committed crimes on campus in a southern city were from key universities, and there were even doctoral and master's students among them. This can't help but give us important inspiration. Our university education should not only focus on students' grades, but also need to comprehensively improve students' comprehensive quality. Legal education plays an important role in comprehensively improving college students' values, moral cultivation, ways of thinking and mental state. It can effectively improve the overall quality of college students and promote the formation of college students' legal thinking. Therefore, today's college students should master corresponding legal knowledge and understand socialist legal principles and legal principles. Only in this way can they understand the spirit of socialist rule of law and cultivate the concept of socialist rule of law.

1.2 College students must master certain legal methods and actively participate in legal practice

What is legal method? Simply put, legal method means that people think about solving practical problems from a legal standpoint. One approach to the problem. To cultivate legal thinking, college students must understand and master basic legal methods. The formation of legal thinking is largely formed through practice. It can be said that legal methods are inseparable from legal practice. Therefore, college students must actively participate in social legal practice, develop the habit of legal thinking in practice, and use the law Methods to establish legal beliefs in legal practice activities. We can organize students to participate in legal practice from the following aspects:

(1) Let students intuitively understand the application process of law. Guide college students to pay attention to social hot spots, analyze the causes of hot spots from a legal perspective, and try to think about how to use legal weapons to solve hot issues, so that students can feel the huge role of law in social practice.

(2) When formulating various rules and regulations closely related to the interests of students, the school fully respects the rights of students, actively listens to students’ opinions and suggestions, strengthens the construction of school systems, and enhances students’ legal Awareness to guide students to participate in legal practice.

(3) Actively organize students to go deep into society and carry out social practice, adhere to the combination of on-campus and off-campus education, and give full play to the role of off-campus activity venues and various legal education bases. The legal education of college students cannot be limited to the campus, but should carry out social practice activities and go to the society to understand the social influence of the law.

2 Enhance the legal belief of college students

The Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that the reform of the political system needs to continue to deepen the construction of democratic and legal systems to adapt to the requirements of expanding people's democracy and economic and social development.

Since the democratic rule of law thinking cannot arise naturally in people's minds, only continuous education can change people's fixed thinking patterns. If our country wants to realize a socialist country under the rule of law, the most important prerequisite, and also a necessary condition, is to establish socialist legal beliefs among college students. Borrowing Berman's famous saying, "The law must be believed, otherwise it will be in vain." It can be said that all people who respect the rule of law should establish belief in the law. Legal belief is people's rational admiration for the law, and it also reflects citizens' ultimate concern for the law. The legal beliefs of college students refer to the legal ideals and beliefs formed by college students in the process of responding to law and legal phenomena in the modern social environment. The legal awareness of contemporary college students has been awakened and improved to a great extent. They agree with modern legal concepts such as justice, democracy, equality, and freedom, but most of them still stay at the level of perceptual cognition. Only by making college students emotionally identify with the law and develop feelings of reverence, attachment, and respect for the law will they be able to subtly influence the law. Form and establish legal beliefs. The prerequisite for correctly establishing and cultivating college students' legal beliefs is to form legal emotions. By improving the legal environment and strengthening legal education in society, the country, and schools, we can gradually establish a good atmosphere of legal beliefs in the entire country. Today, contemporary college students shoulder the responsibilities For the great rejuvenation of the motherland, we should carefully study legal knowledge, deeply understand the important role of law in modern society, and deeply grasp the spirit of our country's socialist laws, thereby establishing faith in our country's socialist laws.

3. Reform the cognitive positioning of legal education in colleges and universities

Today, various colleges and universities lack systematic and long-term planning for the legal education of college students, and do not integrate ideological and moral cultivation with the legal foundation of law. Knowledge is treated as a course, and the cultivation of personal qualities of college students is not included in the overall plan of quality education in schools.

For college students to master legal knowledge is the prerequisite for legal education in colleges and universities. However, the current practice of college education ignores legal education and even confuses it with the teaching of legal knowledge. The teaching of legal knowledge lacks systematicness, integrity, and coherence. The current "Fundamentals of Law" course in colleges and universities has become a hodgepodge of laws from various departments, with complex content and thicker textbooks. Due to the small number of teaching hours and the large amount of content, many college teachers are either scratching the surface or struggling to cope with the teachings, and there is a gap between teachers and students. There is also a lack of necessary communication, and discussion classes, typical cases, analysis of social phenomena, etc. cannot be carried out well due to class time constraints. This situation directly leads to the fact that college students have a lot of legal knowledge, but they only stay in notes and scratched out in books, lacking the real cultivation of college students' legal awareness.

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