The gender intelligence difference in psychological research refers to the group difference, that is, to analyze and study their respective specialties and their causes from the category. It is a common judgment in the world that an individual's intelligence should take an intelligence test. Tolman, an American psychologist, and his colleagues have conducted more than 450 items of "Men and Women Test" in more than ten years. The results are as follows: As a group, there are differences between men and women. Men are more enterprising, enterprising, boastful and adventurous, and pay more attention to social activities; Women are compassionate, gentle, aesthetic, love to dress up and pay more attention to family life; The intensity varies with age, family status, education and occupation, but the difference between the same sex is greater than that between the opposite sex; There is little difference between men and women with superior family environment, which is close to the norm (average); The higher the education, the more the personality changes in the opposite direction, and the smaller the difference. A variety of tests show that the intelligence difference between men and women is manifested in the following four aspects: 1) level difference, which is also the main difference. The level difference can be understood as the dominant intelligence factor: ① Men tend to think logically, while women tend to think in images. ② Men's spatial visual ability and mathematical ability are better, while women's short-term memory and language ability are better. ③ Under the influence of some environmental factors, boys and girls behave differently. For example, male students are open-minded and agile, have wide interests, have strong hands-on ability, and like to think independently, but sometimes they are not thorough enough; However, female students tend to have strong memory and language skills, and are diligent and meticulous, but their thinking is relatively simple, not active enough, their activities are narrow, they are easy to be interested in trivial matters around them, their emotions are easy to fluctuate, and they are shy and afraid to ask questions boldly. In terms of learning methods, girls are used to reciting, memorizing and memorizing, and are better at memorizing and paying more attention to scores; Male students, on the other hand, are brave in practice, like to think independently and dare to doubt the existing conclusions. In the lower grades, boys may not catch up with girls in academic performance, but through independent thinking and practice, their knowledge and ability have been increased. Therefore, in high school, their performance often exceeds that of female students. In mathematics learning, girls often pay attention to imitation and mechanical memory, are not good at grasping the overall situation, and have weak logical thinking ability. When encountering difficulties in solving problems, female students often turn to books or find similar problems in examples first, while male students mostly think independently. (2) The difference of intelligence performance in the morning and evening. Generally speaking, women perform earlier and men perform later. This can explain to some extent that girls in primary schools are generally smarter and boys in middle schools are generally better. (3) There are also differences in intelligence distribution. Compared with men, the proportion of women with abnormal intelligence and mental retardation is small, and the proportion of women with medium intelligence is large; For men, the proportion of abnormal intelligence and mental retardation is large, and the proportion of moderate intelligence is small. (4) the question of "presence or absence". In other words, there are some psychological characteristics, one of which exists and the other does not. However, so far, there is no research material in this field to confirm whether there are problems with the intelligence factors of men and women. ② Psychological factors. Psychological factors play a great role in the formation of intellectual differences between men and women. Psychological factors are as follows: For thousands of years, the idea of "men are superior to women" has cast a shadow on women's thoughts. Women often think of "being a woman" when they encounter setbacks. According to the survey, many girls are unwilling to study science, mainly because they lack self-confidence and have a serious inferiority complex. Lack of training in good thinking methods. Many women are slow-witted and unable to think and solve complex problems flexibly. (2) Factors of the object The factors of the object are mainly reflected in three aspects: (1) Traditional customary forces often adhere to a cliche that girls are not as smart as boys, so a wall is virtually built between the two sexes, which blocks or even deprives girls of their learning opportunities on many occasions and artificially destroys their intelligence. The view of son preference is also reflected in the distribution of social occupations. A psychologist asked 288 bank cadres, college students and junior high school students to answer "What jobs are suitable for men and women?" The subjects answered "miner, battlefield, political leader, enterprise manager, aviation, weightlifting, diplomacy, judge, police officer" and so on 18 occupations suitable for men. It is considered that women are suitable for "waiters, nurses, weavers, secretaries, nurses, actors sewing, primary school teachers, clerks, dancers, announcers" and other occupations 17. In addition, most subjects think that men are suitable to be "engineers and technicians and engage in scientific research" and women are suitable to be "teachers, doctors and salespeople". ② In the total number of talents, the proportion of female talents is small. In order to prove that men are superior to women, some people spare no effort to collect the information of 1000 celebrities in the world, of which only 32 are women; From 1903 to 1943, there are 2,607 scientists in the United States, of whom only 50 are women. Others analyzed 868 female celebrities around the world. Except for 39% people who are famous for their literary creation, the rest are famous for their beauty, tragic fate or famous wives and mothers. ③ The influence of family. Men and women have always been valued by people. Before the child was born, parents had some expectations. Once he or she is born, boys and girls are often treated differently. Children's wear and toys further distinguish between male and female roles. Parents have different requirements for their children. They often allow boys to be naughty instead of doing manual work, hoping that girls will be gentle and learn to sew, cook and look after their siblings. Do men and women have the same requirements for marriage? Men's five basic requirements for marriage: 1) sexual satisfaction 2) fun 3) beautiful old man 4) family support 5) worship of their women 5) love 2) communication 3) honesty and openness 4) certain economic foundation 5) commitment to the family.

In the eyes of ordinary people, the differences between men and women are innate, and it is not nonsense to talk about the acquired changes between men and women.

First, make clear two concepts, namely "gender role" and "gender role". The British sociologist S. Delamater pointed out that "the accurate meaning of the concept of sex should refer to the biological characteristics of both men and women, while the accurate meaning of the concept of gender refers to all abiotic differences between men and women, such as differences in clothing, interests, attitudes, behaviors and talents". It is these differences that distinguish the lifestyles of "men" and "women".

It can be seen that there is a difference between sex and gender. Sex and gender are unified in one person at the same time. When people say that a person is a man, it not only means that the person has a man's body, but also shows the man's behavior. So do women. In life, we often hear people say that so-and-so is not a real man or woman, or that their sex and gender are not unified.

The physiological characteristics of sex are innate, but gender roles are acquired. In this sense, men and women are not born, but acquired. Simone de beauvoir, the wife of the famous French existentialist philosopher Sartre, therefore put forward a famous saying that "women are not born, but acquired".

In 1930s and 1940s, the most popular explanation about gender roles and their differences was put forward by the famous Austrian psychologist Freud. In his view, the different psychological states and behavior patterns of men and women are determined by their different physiological and anatomical characteristics, that is, men and women are born with them. He said: "Male germ cells are active and lively. They pursue female germ cells, while female eggs are static and passively waiting." Therefore, men tend to be lively, powerful and vigorous in behavior, while women tend to be gentle and passive. Do you have a square material? I'm from Shanda Information ~ ~ ~)