Liang's name and totem:
Liang is a knowing word composed of water and wood, which means wooden bridge over water, with a silent symbol added. Represents pronunciation. The original meaning of beam refers to a wooden bridge over water. It has the meaning of uplift, such as backbone and top beam. The earliest Liang people were clans who were good at building big houses and palaces with wooden bridges and beams. Liang people regard skills and Liang as the primitive totem of the clan, and Liang as the symbol and name of the clan. The castle they built is called Liang Yi, and the nearby mountains and rivers are called Liangshan and Liangshui. Liang people build palaces and are good at building bridges for people to pass through. Their boundless merits are admired and valued by various clans and tribes. Liang people are needed everywhere. They migrate widely, so they are widely distributed. There are also many place names, mountain names and water names related to Liang. Liang people finally established a country, taking Liang as their surname.
Origin and evolution of Liang surname:
There are two main sources of Liang surname in contemporary Han nationality: Yi surname and Ji surname.
the first one is the last name. According to legend, Liang is a descendant of Shaowu, one of the five ancient emperors. Shao Hao clan takes swallows as totems, winning is a variant and homonym of swallows, and Boyi, a descendant of Shao Hao, takes winning as his surname. Fei Zi, the descendant of Boyi, made great contributions to raising horses in Zhou Dynasty, and was named King of Qin, the founding father of Qin State. His son Qin Zhong helped conquer Xirong, and named his youngest son Kang in Liangshan as xia yang. He was called Liang in history, and his hometown is in the south of Hancheng, Shaanxi Province today. By 641 BC, he sent troops to destroy Liang, and Liang Zisun took the country as his surname. Some descendants of Liang fled to the State of Jin and became Liang's family in the State of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period. Liang Jia in the State of Jin includes: Liang Jie in southern Shanxi, his hometown is in the southwest of Linjin County, Shanxi Province, and Liang Yier, a doctor in the State of Jin, is from Liang Jie; Jinnan sorghum is located in the northeast of Linfen, Shanxi Province, and Dr. Jin is from sorghum. Quliang, a city in Jin State, was originally located in Yongnian County, Hebei Province. Doctor Liang, a descendant of Liang, was born in Quliang. Winning surname Liang is the mainstream of contemporary Han nationality's surname Liang, with a history of at least 28 years.
The second expenditure comes from Ji's surname. In the Tang Dynasty, the son of Zhou Pingwang was sealed in Nanliang. The ancient city was in western Henan today, and was later annexed by Chu. His descendants take the name of the city as their surname. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were Liang families in Lu. These are all Liang Ji. Ji surnamed Liang also has a history of nearly 28 years.
Integration of foreign genes:
The third one belongs to foreign families. After the Han Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties were a period of great integration and migration of northern nationalities in China history. The genes of the northern and southern minorities also flowed into the surname Liang, which is the third branch of the surname Liang. This part includes the Yi people in the Han and Jin Dynasties, the Huns in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Tangut in the Xixia Dynasty in the Northern Song Dynasty, the Zhuang people in Guangxi in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the Liang surname in the Eight Banners of Manchu in the Qing Dynasty. They lived with the Han nationality for a long time and gradually assimilated into the Liang surname of the Han nationality. At present, there are many Liang surnames in Guangdong and Guangxi, which has a lot to do with the integration of a few Liang surnames.
Distribution and migration of Liang surname in history:
Liang surname originated in Shaanxi and Henan in the early Spring and Autumn Period, and soon spread to Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and other places. Liang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty crossed the river and entered the south of the Yangtze River. By the end of the Jin Dynasty, Liang had emigrated to Fujian and Guangdong. Subject
There were about 43, Liang surnames in Ming Dynasty, accounting for .46% of the national population, ranking 53rd. In Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the national population growth rate was 2%, while the population growth rate of Liang was negative, and the population decreased instead of increasing. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Guangxi and Shanxi, with Liang accounting for about 25% of the total population, followed by Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangdong, Fujian and Shaanxi, with Liang accounting for 51%. Guangxi Liang surname was very rare in Song Dynasty, and became the largest province in Ming Dynasty, accounting for about 14.6% of the total population of Liang surname. The Liang surname in the southeast of Guangdong and Guangxi has developed steadily during these 6 years. In Song Dynasty, Liang was a big province in Shandong, but at this time, the population of Liang decreased by 7%. The whole country has re-established three Liang surname gathering areas, namely Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Sulu, with the focus shifting from southeast to south.
Distribution and atlas of contemporary Liang surname:
The contemporary population of Liang surname has reached more than 11 million, making it the 2th surname in China, accounting for about .93% of the national population. Since the Song Dynasty, the population growth rate of Liang surname has taken shape in 1 years. At present, the distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Guangxi and Guangdong provinces, accounting for 53% of the total population of Liang, followed by Henan, Sichuan, Hebei and Shandong, with a concentration of 17%. Guangxi is the province with the largest population of Liang, accounting for 28.5% of the total population of Liang. The whole country has formed a gathering area of Liang surname centered on Guangdong and Guangxi.
Liang surname is one of the most common surnames in Guangdong and Guangxi. In Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, eastern Yunnan and southern Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi and other places, Liang's surname accounts for more than 1.8% of the local population, and the proportion in the central region is as high as 6%. Its coverage area accounts for 7.3% of the total land area, and about 46% of the Liang people live here. In northern Guizhou and Hunan, central Jiangxi, western Fujian, eastern Yunnan, most of Sichuan, Chongqing and Hubei, Shaanxi and Ningxia, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Beijing and Tianjin, northern Anhui, most of Shandong, most of Inner Mongolia, southern Gansu, western Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang, the surname Liang generally accounts for .54%-1.8% of the local population, and its coverage area accounts for 34.2% of the total land area.
the traditional culture of Liang surname;
Wang Hetang, surnamed Liang, mainly lives in Anding, Fufeng, Tianshui, Henan, Dongping and Langya. Liang's surname is Anding and Baoshan. The Tang names of "Guo Yi" and "Baoshan" are Liang Kejia in Song Dynasty, and Liang Kejia is the right prime minister. His style is concise and principled. Whether it is his closest relatives, big officials or the emperor's minions, they all act according to principles, and good people are kept. Finally, he was made king.
There are four important couplets for Liang surname:
Sanju Stone; Seven famous sayings.
mei hong case; Become a leader.
a willow garden; Yang.
professor Shimen; Wu.
Family instruction: Liang Zhangju, a litterateur in Jiaqing and Daoguang Dynasties in Qing Dynasty, was born in a scholar's background and served as the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. Liang Ju's theory of educating children mostly comes from the words taught by the former housekeeper, and he compiled a book "Family Commandments" with plain and sincere words. He believes that family instruction can't be compared with preaching, opposes preaching, and advocates guiding the situation and training people. He believes that the beauty of staying at home lies in forbearance, while the purpose of running a home lies in thrift. Educate children and grandchildren that "if a husband does not plow, he will be hungry;" If a woman doesn't knit, she will get cold "and" Diligence will test her life ". He warned his descendants to unite, and the downfall of the family was first and foremost internal division. "It's difficult to start a family, but it's a different day, and there is no only reason. "He thinks that children should not be overindulged, otherwise it will be counterproductive." The rain is too moist and everything will suffer. "Li, the curse of male and female servants; If you love justice, it will be a disaster.
The famous historical figures named Liang are: Liang Yier, a doctor of Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period, Liang Mian, a disciple of Confucius in Qi State, and Liang, a doctor of Chu State; Liang Zhu, a celebrity in the Eastern Han Dynasty, a calligrapher Liang Hu and a writer Hong Liang; Liang Su, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, Liang Lingzan, a painter and astronomical instrument manufacturer; Liang Hao, Minister of Northern Song Dynasty; Kai Liang, a painter in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Liang Hongyu, a famous anti-gold woman; Ming Dynasty seal engraver Liang Yan and opera writer Liang Chenyu; Liang, a calligrapher and writer in Qing Dynasty, Liang Tingbanghe, a university student and minister of military affairs in Dongge, and Liang Huafeng, the prefect of Jiangnan; Liang Qichao, a thinker in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China; Liang Shiyi, Prime Minister of the Republic of China; Contemporary architect Liang Sicheng, forester Liang, philosopher Liang Shuming, pathologist Liang, essayist and translator Liang Shiqiu, historian Liang, poet and translator Liang.
blood type of Liang:
The blood type distribution of Liang population is as follows: O type accounts for 37.1%, A type accounts for 27.8%, B type accounts for 27.3%, and AB type accounts for 7.8%.