Principle of Universality Contradiction exists in everything. Everything in the world has contradictions, and things that do not contain contradictions do not exist. This is what we often say: everything is contradictory. Contradictions run through everything. In the development process of things, new contradictions will arise as soon as the old contradictions are resolved, and a new contradictory movement will begin. There is absolutely no moment of non-contradiction between the old and the new. This is what we often call conflicts. In short, contradiction exists in everything and runs through everything. That is, there is a contradiction in everything and at all times. This is the universality of contradiction. Methodological requirements: First, we must recognize the universality and particularity of contradictions, and dare to admit and expose them. Recognizing the universality and objectivity of contradictions is the prerequisite for treating them correctly. Secondly, we must be good at comprehensively analyzing contradictions, adhere to the dichotomy, and prevent one-sidedness

The universality and particularity of contradictions are categories that describe the characteristics of the existence of contradictions. The universality of contradiction has two meanings: first, contradiction exists in the development process of all things; (contradictions are everywhere); second, contradiction exists in the development process of every thing. (Contradictions are always present - contradictions run through the whole story) The particularity of contradictions means that the contradictions of specific things and all aspects of each contradiction have their own characteristics (horizontal); the contradictions of each specific thing and all aspects of each contradiction Different stages of development also have their own characteristics (vertical). It mainly has three situations: first, different things have different contradictions, and these different contradictions constitute the special essence that distinguishes one thing from other things; second, the same thing has different contradictions in different processes and stages of development. These different contradictions Different contradictions form different processes and stages of the development of things; third, different contradictions in the same thing and two different aspects of the same contradiction also have their own particularities. It is of great significance to understand the universality and particularity of contradictions. The universal category of contradictions shows that contradictions are everywhere and all the time, so we must insist on observing and analyzing problems using the two-point theory method; the particular category of contradictions shows that contradictions and their various aspects have their own characteristics at different stages of development. , Therefore, when we observe things, we must first pay attention to the particularity of contradictions and insist on concrete analysis of specific problems. Because analyzing the particularity of contradictions is the basis for correctly understanding things; at the same time, analyzing the particularity of contradictions is also the key to correctly resolving them. Famous quote: If we do not study the particularity of contradictions, we will not be able to determine the special nature of one thing that is different from other things, we will not be able to discover the special reasons or special basis for the movement and development of things, we will not be able to distinguish things, and we will not be able to distinguish scientific research. field. ------Mao Zedong

(1) The particularity and universality of contradictions are different from each other and have their own contents. The universality of contradiction means that contradiction is everywhere and exists at all times. It is the ultimate nature of things. It is unconditional and absolute. The particularity of contradiction means that the contradictory things and all aspects of them have their own characteristics, which is the personality of things. It is conditional, temporary, and therefore relative.

(2) The particularity and universality of contradictions are interconnected. Any real thing is an organic unity of particularity and universality, individuality and perfection. On the one hand, universality cannot be separated from particularity; universality is contained in particularity. Without particularity, there would be no universality; on the other hand, particularity must exist in connection with universality, and only particularity and individuality And things without universality and universality do not exist.

(3) The difference between the universality and particularity of contradiction is relative and can be transformed into each other under certain conditions. Due to the extremely vast scope and infinite development of things, what is universal under certain conditions becomes particular under another specific situation, and vice versa.