1. The story of Qu Yuan sinking into the river

Since Chu was defeated by Qin, it has been bullied by Qin. King Chu Huai wanted to reunite with Qi. After King Zhaoxiang of Qin came to the throne, he politely wrote a letter to King Huai of Chu, asking him to meet him in Wuguan (southeast of Danfeng County, Shaanxi Province) and sign an alliance in person.

King Huai of Chu received a letter from King Zhaoxiang of Qin. If he didn’t go, he was afraid of offending Qin; if he went, he would be afraid of danger. He discussed it with the ministers.

Doctor Qu Yuan said to King Huai of Chu: "Qin is as violent as a jackal. We have been bullied by Qin more than once. As soon as the king goes, we will definitely fall into their trap."

< p> However, Prince Zilan, the son of King Huai of Chu, strongly urged King Huai of Chu to go, saying: "In order to treat Qin as an enemy, many people died and the land was lost.

Now that the state of Qin is willing to make peace with us, how can we reject it?"

King Huai of Chu believed the words of the young master Zilan and went to the state of Qin.

As expected by Qu Yuan, as soon as King Huai of Chu stepped into Qin's Wuguan, he was immediately cut off by the men and horses ambushed by Qin. During the meeting, King Qin Zhaoxiang forced King Chu Huai to cede the land in central Guizhou to Qin, but King Chu Huai refused. King Zhaoxiang of Qin took King Huai of Chu to Xianyang and put him under house arrest. He asked the ministers of Chu to redeem him with land before releasing him.

When the ministers of Chu State heard that the king was being taken into custody, they made the prince the new king and refused to cede the land. This king is King Qingxiang of Chu. Prince Zilan became the governor of Chu.

King Huai of Chu was detained in Qin for more than a year and suffered a lot. He took the risk and escaped from Xianyang, but was chased back by Qin troops. He was still sick and died in Qin not long after.

The people of Chu were very unhappy because King Huai of Chu was bullied by Qin and died outside. Doctor Qu Yuan was especially angry. He advised King Qingxiang of Chu to recruit talents, stay away from villains, encourage soldiers, train soldiers and horses, and avenge the country and King Huai.

However, his advice was not only ineffective, but also attracted the hatred of Ling Yin Zilan, Jin Shang and others. They spoke ill of Qu Yuan in front of King Qingxiang every day.

They said to King Qingxiang of Chu: "Have you not heard that Qu Yuan criticized you? He always told others: If the king forgets the hatred of Qin, it is unfilial; if the ministers do not advocate resistance to Qin, they are unfilial. Disloyalty. How can the country of Chu not be destroyed if there are such unfaithful and unfilial monarchs? King, think about what this means!" King Chu Qingxiang was furious after hearing this. He was dismissed from his post and exiled to southern Hunan.

Qu Yuan had the ambition to save the country and the people, and planned to enrich the country and strengthen the people, but he was squeezed out by the traitorous officials. He was so angry. After he arrived in southern Hunan, he often sang sad poems while walking along the Miluo River (in the northeastern part of today's Hunan Province, Mi sounds like mì).

The nearby farmers knew that he was a patriotic minister and sympathized with him. At this time, there was a fisherman who often fished on the Miluo River. He admired Qu Yuan's character, but he just disapproved of his melancholy look.

One day, Qu Yuan met a fisherman by the river. The fisherman said to Qu Yuan: "Aren't you a doctor of the Chu State? How did you get to this point?"

Qu Yuan said: "Many people are dirty, but I am a clean person. Many people are drunk, but I am still awake."

The fisherman said disapprovingly: "Since you think everyone else is dirty, don't. You should be proud of yourself; since others are drunk, why do you have to be sober alone?" Qu Yuan objected: "I heard people say that people who have just washed their hair always flick their hats. People always like to dust off their clothes. I would rather jump into the middle of the river and be buried in the belly of a fish than jump into the mud with my clean body and get dirty."

Because Qu Yuan was unwilling to live with the tide, on the fifth day of May in 278 BC, he finally committed suicide by jumping into the Miluo River with a big stone in his arms.

When the nearby farmers got this message, they all rowed boats to rescue Qu Yuan. But there is no trace of Qu Yuan in the vast ocean. Everyone fished in the Miluo River for a long time, but did not find Qu Yuan's body.

The fisherman felt very sad. He threw the rice in the bamboo tube towards the river as a gift to Qu Yuan.

On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month of the next year, the local people remembered that it was the first anniversary of Qu Yuan's drowning in the river, so they rowed boats and filled bamboo tubes with rice and sprinkled it into the water to worship him. Later, they changed the bamboo tubes containing rice into rice dumplings, and the rowing boats into dragon racing boats. This kind of activity to commemorate Qu Yuan gradually became a custom. People call the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year the Dragon Boat Festival, and it is said that this is how it came about.

After Qu Yuan died, he left behind some excellent poems, the most famous of which is "Li Sao". In his poems, he denounced the traitorous villains, expressed his concern for the country and the people, and expressed his infinite affection for every plant and tree in the Chu Kingdom. Later people believed that Qu Yuan was an outstanding patriotic poet in ancient my country.

2. Selected Argumentative Prose "Tao Yuanming"

1. "While picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, I can leisurely see the Nanshan Mountains." Among Chinese literati, who can put his heart into words? Purified to such a state that only Nanshan Chrysanthemum remains? Tao Yuanming chose the path of seclusion. This journey has been smooth and clear. However, besides drinking and picking chrysanthemums, what else did Tao Qian do? Maybe even he himself can't answer this. The path of seclusion has been chosen by countless literati in China, but as Mr. Yu Qiuyu said: "Self-improvement morality leads to overall immorality." Perhaps it is the chance of history that has contributed to a literary monument. But if the road of history is to be extended forward, can millions of Tao Yuanming be able to make it?

2. Tao Yuanming, a pastoral poet of the Jin Dynasty, was also keen on officialdom and wanted to show his ambitions in his official career. But when he became the magistrate of Pengze County and learned about the darkness of officialdom, he resolutely resigned and went into seclusion. "The birds are tired of the old forest, and the fish in the pond think about their old abyss." From then on, he worked on farmland and did not care about worldly affairs. He found his place and realized the value of his life. ☆Tao Qian was leisurely picking chrysanthemums under the donkeys accompanied by the dancing butterflies in "Zhuang Sheng's Dream of Dreaming of Butterflies". Facing Nanshan, Yuanming chose to forget, forget the ugliness of the officialdom, and forget all the unhappiness he encountered. This is the choice of the soul. This is the wise choice made by people crossing the river on both sides of the "river". This is even more important. It is a wise "ferry".

3. He is the hermit who "picks chrysanthemums under the eastern fence and sees the Nanshan Mountain leisurely", is the elegant man who "only knows the joy of the piano, why bother to play the strings", is the person who "wears a hoe under the moon and a lotus" "Return" farmer, yes! It's him, Tao Yuanming, who has been famous in the literary world for thousands of years. He did not want to "break down his waist for five buckets of rice" and returned to his hometown with his seal. He forgot his frustration in officialdom and his failure in career, but he remembered the wishes of the world and wrote about the holy land in his heart - Peach Blossom Spring.

4. Stay away from the world, retreat to the countryside, and watch the flowers bloom and fall. Tao Yuanming's life was very peaceful and free, like white clouds in the blue sky, like fish scales in the sea. Because of chrysanthemum, his heart that yearned for freedom had been bound by the prison of officialdom for too long. Didn't he have any sustenance? Choose Ju! Fresh, elegant and uncontested, isn't it just like his unruly character? It was Tao Shi who placed his heart on Chrysanthemum and found the pure land of his soul. It was Tao Shi who made Chrysanthemum wear a high-profile hat of high quality and indifference to the world, which has been passed down to this day.

3. Composition materials about Cao Cao

His nicknames are Amo and Jili, from Qiao County, Peiguo (now Bozhou, Anhui). An outstanding statesman, military strategist and writer in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In terms of politics and military affairs, Cao Cao eliminated many separatist forces in the north, unified most of northern China, and implemented a series of policies to restore economic production and social order, laying the foundation for the founding of Cao Wei. In terms of literature, under the promotion of Cao Cao and his sons, the Jian'an literature represented by Cao Cao and his sons (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, and Cao Zhi) was formed. It is known as the Jian'an style in history and left a glorious mark in the history of literature. Some people commented that he was "a capable minister in governing the world and a traitor in troubled times."

Details of life: Cao Cao was born into a prominent official family. Cao Cao's grandfather, Cao Teng, was a member of the eunuch group in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. It is said that he was a descendant of Cao Shen, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty (there is no historical verification). His father, Cao Song, was Cao Teng's adopted son. Cao Song's parentage was unclear at the time, so Chen Shou said of him: "No one can judge the origin of his birth." Some people also said that Cao Cao was the son of the "Xiahou family". Cao Song was promoted to Taiwei. In the third year of Emperor Ling's Xiping reign (174), the twenty-year-old Cao Cao was promoted to Xiaolian and entered Luoyang as a man. Soon, he was appointed as the Northern Lieutenant of Luoyang. Luoyang was the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was a place where the royal family and nobles gathered, and it was difficult to govern.

As soon as Cao Cao took office, he declared the prohibition and strict laws and regulations. He made more than ten big sticks of five colors and hung them around the yamen. "Anyone who violates the prohibition will be killed with the stick." Jian Tu, the uncle of the emperor's favored eunuch Jian Shuo, broke the ban and walked at night. Cao Cao showed no mercy and executed Jian Tu with a five-color stick. As a result, "the capital kept its traces, and no one dared to offend."

In the first year of Zhongping Emperor Ling (184), the Yellow Turban Uprising broke out. Cao Cao was worshiped as the Cavalry Captain and was ordered to join forces with Lu Zhi and others to attack the Yingchuan Yellow Turban Army. As a result, the Yellow Turban Army was defeated and several people were beheaded. Level 10,000. Then he moved to Jinan Prime Minister. During his tenure as Prime Minister of Jinan, Cao Cao managed affairs as before. There were more than ten counties in the Kingdom of Jinan (today's Jinan, Shandong). Most of the county officials were attached to the powerful, corrupt, perverting the law, and had no scruples. All the previous prime ministers of the country ignored Cao Cao. When Cao Cao took office, he vigorously organized and dismissed eight-tenths of the senior officials at once. Jinan was shocked and corrupt officials fled. "Politics and religion are flourishing, and a county is peaceful." At that time, the politics of the Eastern Han Dynasty were extremely dark, and there was even a system of buying officials. The imperial court named Cao Cao Yilang, but Cao Cao refused to cater to the powerful, so he returned to his hometown due to illness, where he studied in spring and summer, hunted in autumn and winter, and temporarily lived in seclusion.

In the fifth year of Zhongping (188), Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty established the Eighth School Lieutenant of Xiyuan in order to consolidate his rule. Cao Cao was appointed as the Dianjun School Lieutenant among the Eight Schools Lieutenants because of his family background.

In the sixth year of Zhongping (189), Dong Zhuo, the governor of Xiliang, entered Luoyang, deposed the young emperor, and established Liu Xie as the emperor. Later, he killed the queen mother and the young emperor, and called himself Taishi, specializing in government affairs. Cao Cao saw Dong Zhuo's rebellious behavior and was unwilling to cooperate with him, so he changed his name and fled from the capital Luoyang (now northeast of Luoyang, Henan).