as we all know, products are "the result of process", and products are divided into four general categories: services, software, hardware and process materials. Generality of quality: Within the scope of quality management system, interested parties of the organization can put forward requirements for the products, processes and systems of the organization. Products, processes and systems all have inherent characteristics, so quality refers not only to the quality of products, but also to the quality of processes and systems. The concept of quality can be divided into three types: 1. Conformity quality concept: based on the degree of "conformity" with current standards. 2. The quality concept of applicability: the degree of suitability for customers' needs is taken as the measurement basis. 3. Generalized concept of quality: quality is the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics meet the requirements. The concept of product quality in a narrow sense refers to tangible finished products (such as pens and cups). The broad concept of product quality refers to: hardware, services (such as express delivery, tourism activities, etc.), software (such as video games, dictionaries, etc.) and process materials (such as cooking oil and coal, etc.). According to the definition of quality in Robert B. Handfield's book Purchasing and Supply Chain Management: "The total composite of product and service characteristics of marketing, engineering, manufacturing, And maintenance through which the product or service in use will meet or exceed the expectations of the customer. "Product quality includes intangible product quality besides physical products, that is, service product quality. Service quality and product quality

are standard. According to the conclusion drawn from the expert research of Feng./Huo headhunting company, the quality data and the basic methods of analysis and statistics have a wide range of meanings, which can be technical, economic, social, psychological and physiological. Generally speaking, various technical and economic parameters reflecting the purpose of product use are often regarded as quality characteristics. Mainly divided into product internal quality and product appearance quality. In general, product quality refers to the relevant national laws and regulations, quality standards and the requirements for product applicability, safety and other characteristics stipulated in the contract. Quality characteristics distinguish different uses of different products and meet people's different needs. People measure the quality of industrial products according to the degree to which these characteristics of industrial products meet the needs of society and people.

According to the international standard-Quality Management and Quality Assurance-Terminology (ISO 842-1994) formulated by the International Organization for Standardization, product quality refers to the product "reflecting the sum of the capabilities and characteristics of an entity to meet explicit and implicit needs". Although this definition refers to the product quality of tangible material products, it is still applicable to intangible database products. Specifically, the product quality of database products should meet the following standards: authenticity: authenticity requires that the database content provided by database producers or sellers should be an objective fact, not fabricated or fabricated. For example, the telephone number database requires that the telephone number in it should really exist. Accuracy: Accuracy requires that the database content provided by the database producer or seller should not only be true, but also the product quality must be < P > accurate. Accuracy requires that the database content provided by the database producer or seller conforms to its contractual commitments. Integrity: Integrity requires that the database contents provided by database producers or sellers should be as comprehensive as possible on the basis of truthfulness and accuracy. Integrity also requires that the database content provided by the database producer or seller conforms to its contractual commitments. Feasibility: Feasibility requires that the database provided by the database producer or seller should properly process the content for users' retrieval, and be equipped with reasonable retrieval means, so that the database can meet the needs of users' specific environment (unauthorized environment and non-digital environment), and provide comprehensive solutions and means of knowledge mining and information processing to maximize users' knowledge information resources as much as possible. Feasibility also requires that the database content provided by the database producer or seller conforms to its contractual commitments. Legality: Legality requires that the contents of the database provided by the database producer or seller are legal, and there is no content that violates the prohibition of national laws and infringes on other people's copyright, privacy and other civil rights.

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Product quality is composed of various elements, which are also called the characteristics and characteristics of products. Different products have different characteristics and characteristics, and the sum of them constitutes the connotation of product quality. Product quality requirements reflect the characteristics of products and their ability to meet the requirements of customers and other interested parties. Customers and other quality requirements often change with time, which is closely related to the continuous progress of science and technology. These quality requirements can be transformed into characteristics and characteristics with specific indicators, which usually include performance, safety, availability, reliability, maintainability, economy and environment. The usability of a product refers to its ability to achieve its intended purpose or specified use under certain conditions. Any product has its specific purpose or use. Product safety refers to the ability to protect human health and personal and property safety in the process of use, storage, transportation and sales. The reliability of products refers to the degree and ability of products to complete the specified functions under the specified conditions and within the specified time. Generally, functional efficiency, average life, failure rate, average time to failure, average time between failures and other parameters can be used for evaluation. Maintainability of a product refers to the ability to quickly repair and restore its function after a fault occurs. Usually expressed by parameters such as average repair time. The economy of a product refers to the degree of cost paid or consumed by the design, manufacture and use of the product. At the same time, it also includes the degree to which it can obtain economic benefits, that is, the efficiency of input and output.

edit the case of product quality problems in this paragraph

product quality is related to people's lives, health and property safety. In recent years, a few unscrupulous traders have produced fake and inferior products, which have harmed the people. (1) In 27, a freshman of a university in Northeast China bought a thermos, and the bottom of the thermos fell off and burned his right foot with boiling water. The quality of this product is

A freshman bought a thermos without knowing it at all. As a result, there was a problem with the thermos, and the responsibility lay with the merchant. The boss finally accepted the request for compensation for the freshman. (2) The "Black Heart Cotton Incident" in 22 shocked the whole country. Regenerated quilts are used to make cotton-padded clothes, quilts and other items for people's lives, and they have become what people commonly call "black heart cotton". It has a lot of dust and is easy to cause great damage to human body after being rinsed by some chemicals such as sulfuric acid. Therefore, in the Management Measures for Prohibiting the Use of Raw Materials for Flocculating Fiber Products promulgated by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine in 22, recycled cotton is listed as a prohibited raw material for flocculent fiber products. But there are still a few lawless elements who are desperate. (3) In 22, hundreds of tons of "poisoned rice" were found in Guangdong and Guangxi, and according to the test results of "poisoned rice" samples, the content of aflatoxin seriously exceeded the standard. Excessive consumption of food contaminated by aflatoxin can lead to pulmonary edema and coma within 2 to 3 weeks. (4) In January, 1998, a "1.26" fake wine case occurred in Wenshui County, Shanxi Province, which shocked the whole country, killing 22 people. The suspect used industrial alcohol containing highly toxic methanol to blend liquor and sold it. He was finally sentenced to death. (5) In December 1995, a citizen of Hunan accompanied his family to a hot pot restaurant, and the inferior gas stove used suddenly exploded. The face was burned in a large area, resulting in disfigurement. (6) The popular "fried stinky tofu" is also unsafe. In 27, more than a dozen stinky tofu factories in Shenzhen used feces to pickle tofu in order to increase its odor. The prepared tofu should be wrapped in cloth and buried in the dunghill. When three industrial and commercial personnel went to investigate, they vomited on the spot. In addition, in order to dye, illegal traders also added toxic ferrous salts to stinky tofu. (7) The "gutter oil" incident in 26 "gutter oil" is a kind of non-edible oil with extremely poor quality and unsanitary, which contains many toxins, and it will cause water eutrophication if it flows into rivers. Once eaten by humans and animals, it will destroy white blood cells and digestive tract mucosa, cause food poisoning and even cause cancer. For a long time, some lawless elements, driven by interests, illegally extracted gutter oil from sewers and hotel wastewater and sold it as edible oil to some small street restaurants at low prices.

Editing this paragraph "Improvement and Improvement"

Xie Ning method originated in the United States, and is especially suitable for "quickly/effectively" solving engineering and quality problems in the manufacturing process. As a systematic method to solve problems, it has the advantages of easy to master, no complicated statistical requirements, simple calculation, strong pertinence, low cost, fast speed and thorough problem solving. "Without Deming, there would be no quality philosophy in the United States; Without Zhu Lan, the United States would have no quality direction; Without Xie Ning, there would be no solution to quality problems in the United States. ". This famous American saying sums up the contributions of the three greatest quality masters. Xie Ning's method is caused by too strict intellectual property protection, which is still unknown to most people. This course will focus on the basic application of Xie Ning method in solving technological process and quality problems. Teacher profile: Yang Zhen graduated from department of mechanical engineering of Nanjing University with a master's degree in 1997. In 23, Mr. Yang joined a Fortune 5 company as the quality manager in China, during which he was certified by AIAG as an ISO/TS16949 auditor and began to contact 6 Sigma. In 24, he was certified as a Six Sigma Black Belt by Motorola, and the following year, he was promoted to be a Six Sigma Black Belt Master in the Asia-Pacific region, responsible for the introduction, implementation and management of Six Sigma in eight companies in the Asia-Pacific region. In 25, he won the global president award of the American-funded company for his outstanding achievements. In 27, he was elected as the chairman of the Six Sigma/Lean Manufacturing/Quality Management branch by the American Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai. Mr. Yang has a solid theoretical foundation and rich practical experience, which can help the company bring tangible benefits. Course outline of How to Improve and Improve Product Quality: I. Overview of Scheinin Method II. Measurement System Analysis and Several Basic Concepts III. Basic Tools for Discovering Clues (Part I) IV. Basic Tools for Discovering Clues (Part II) VI. Advanced Tools for Discovering Clues and Xie Ning DOE

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Internal Quality of Products

Products. It includes internal quality and external quality of products.

the intrinsic quality of a product refers to its intrinsic attributes, including performance, life, reliability, safety and economy. Product performance means that the product has physical, chemical or technical properties suitable for users' requirements, such as strength, chemical composition, purity, power and rotation speed. Product life refers to the service life of the product under normal circumstances, such as the service life of the house, the service hours of electric lights and TV picture tubes, and the number of flashes of flash lamps. Product reliability refers to the characteristics that the product can be used within a specified time and under specified conditions without failure, such as trouble-free use of TV sets, accurate time keeping of clocks and watches, etc. Product safety refers to the degree of safety protection of products to people and the environment during use, such as the safety of water heaters, the explosion-proof property of beer bottles, and the conductive safety of electrical products. Product economy refers to the total cost in the product's economic life cycle, such as the power consumption of household appliances such as air conditioners and refrigerators, and the fuel consumption per 1 kilometers of automobiles.

appearance quality of products

appearance quality of products refers to the external attributes of products, including the smoothness, shape, color and packaging of products, such as the shape, color and smoothness of bicycles. Compared with the appearance quality characteristics, the internal quality of a product is primary and basic, and the appearance quality is meaningful only on the premise of ensuring the internal characteristics.

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International standard

Product quality inspection report. The quality of products shows different characteristics, and the evaluation of these characteristics will be different because people have different scales. In order to avoid the influence of subjective factors, it is necessary to have a basic basis and a unified scale in the production, inspection and evaluation of product quality, which is the product quality standard. The quality standard of products is to specify the main internal quality and external quality of products quantitatively according to the technical requirements of product production, that is, to uniformly specify some main technical parameters. It is the basic basis for measuring the quality of products and the unified standard for enterprises to produce products. The product quality standards adopted in China include: the quality standards stipulated by some international organizations, such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), or the quality standards stipulated by some influential companies and recognized by international organizations. Actively adopting international standards or foreign advanced standards is an important technical and economic policy in China at present, but the technical parameters obtained during import inspection of some products cannot be wrongly regarded as international standards or foreign advanced standards, and these parameters are only reference materials for analyzing product quality.

national standard

is a product quality standard that is used uniformly throughout the country, and is mainly formulated for some important products. Ministerial standards (industry standards) refer to the product quality standards that are uniformly used in a certain industry in the country. It is a standard independently formulated by the enterprise and used after being approved and issued by the superior competent department or the Bureau of Standards. All products that are formally mass-produced, without national standards or ministerial standards, must formulate enterprise standards. An enterprise may formulate product quality standards higher than national standards and ministerial standards, or directly adopt international standards and advanced foreign standards.

Enterprise standards

However, enterprise standards shall not conflict with national standards and ministerial standards. Comparing the actual quality level of products with the specified quality standards, all products that meet or exceed the standards are called qualified products, and those that do not meet the quality standards are called unqualified products. Qualified products are divided into first-class products, second-class products and so on according to their different degrees of meeting quality standards. Unqualified products include defective products and waste products.

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The quality characteristics of general industrial products can be roughly divided into the following seven aspects: (1) Material aspects, such as physical properties and chemical composition. (2) Operation and operation, such as whether the operation is convenient, whether the operation is reliable and safe, etc. (3) Structure, such as whether the structure is light and convenient for processing, maintenance and repair. (4) Time, such as durability (service life), accuracy retention, reliability, etc. (5) Economic aspects, such as efficiency, manufacturing cost, use cost (oil consumption, electricity consumption, coal consumption), etc. (6) Appearance, such as elegant appearance and packaging quality. (7) Psychological and physiological aspects, such as the comfort of car seats and the noise level after the machine starts. Some of the quality characteristics of industrial products can be straight.