1 overview
The topic of "poetry appreciation" is too big to be explained clearly in a few articles; This topic is also very complicated. On the one hand, poetry is difficult to describe, on the other hand, the relevant articles or theories on the market are confusing and foggy. It is not easy to find a new road in the fog. I tried to explain this topic, and naturally I made enough thankless preparations, or I took it as my own arrangement.
Originally, I only intended to say "appreciate", but later I thought that my friends were all writing, so I added them together, which was even more difficult. Because of limited knowledge, I can only add the word "talk". Although it is a short talk, the purpose is to trace back to the source and try to show the essence of poetry in the simplest space.
So we must strive to hit the nail on the head and hit the nail on the head.
First of all, a few opening remarks.
1, there is a famous saying: "Truth is always in the hands of a few people", and the way of poetry is indeed true.
There are great differences between people, and everyone has his own boundaries. Not everyone can reach the relative height of poetry appreciation and writing.
3. Poetry appreciation is by no means a "poetry conference", nor a Meng Man-style explanation, nor a Yu Dan-style interpretation.
4, poetry is in the bones. The lecture-room narrative is half representation, mostly self-interpretation, and has nothing to do with the root of the poem. The picture is just a moment of excitement. Of course, this does not mean that the narrator's level must be insufficient. Popular art must take into account everyone's mouth, which is also a helplessness.
Now, get down to business.
2 Poetry appreciation
2. 1 purpose
Appreciation is the level of learning to appreciate and distinguish. We should not only learn ancient poems, but also learn from others. In other words, when you see previous poems, you should be able to distinguish between good and bad; Seeing other people's poems, you can clearly distinguish your own creative level; Look at your own poems and you will know what you are doing. Don't exaggerate blindly and don't sell yourself short.
Appreciation and writing are closely related. Without appreciation, writing doesn't know the depth.
Appreciation and writing are not mutually determined. There are many examples where the writing level is not as good as the appreciation level. Wang Guowei's vision is grand and broad, and he is speculative at home and abroad, but his works are not as good as his taste.
Appreciation ability is very important for the creators of ancient poetry.
Someone accused: "When you passed my silk window, did plum blossom its cold flower for the first time?" ? "Don't ask your family, but ask Plum Blossom, saying that the author Wang Wei is a selfish person. His words are as ridiculous as a barking dog. It's just that you don't have a poetic mind, and your spirit is dirty and nonsense! This heart should be punished!
2.2 the essence of appreciation-image
Image is a solidified expression formed by applying Bixing method to typical natural things. This is my own definition, and any similarity is purely coincidental. Such a definition is still limited to the knowledge level.
There is no real point in discussing poetry with knowledge. After thousands of years of precipitation, China's ancient poems have already formed a self-consistent system. Poetry can be the closest to the original intention and the smallest deviation.
For example:
I will think of you in the clouds, so think of me in the sunset. Floating clouds are like wandering around the world; Sunset wants to go down the mountain, but it seems to leave someone to say goodbye. This is the image of floating clouds and sunset. The song "Cloud in my hometown" uses the image of "cloud".
The setting sun is infinitely beautiful and buried by the coming night. No matter how beautiful the sunset is, it is only a sign of the sunset. You have to worry, come back quietly, don't like it, don't make noise, don't send it.
Can be used in reverse, such as: "the autumn wind blows harder and harder, and the sunset whips again", indicating hard work; "A quiet guest in front of a clear water mountain, a few lines of poetry outside the sunset fence" means indifferent and leisurely. Remember not to go beyond the boundaries of reason. If you really want to go against the sky, you will seal the gods if you have unique skills, and you will go to hell if you don't.
There are many fixed images in previous poems, so it is impossible to elaborate them one by one.
Take poetry as evidence:
Different pavilions, messy grass; Tired of traveling by boat, looking at the moon and expecting people.
Finally, the south hides, and the water cries; There is a heaven, but ordinary people can't find it
Loneliness follows xuanhe, floating like a light cloud; Lan Zhi temperament, pine and bamboo spirit.
Cicadas drink clear dew, crows crow at dusk; The river flows day and night, and the flowers wither without a trace.
2.3 the essence of appreciation-poetic style
2.3. 1 Poetry Style Classification
From The Book of Songs (four words) to Songs of the South (miscellaneous words), Yuefu in the Han Dynasty, Nineteen Poems (five words) and Ge Yanxing by Cao Pi (seven words), all styles were prepared in the Six Dynasties, and the rhythm was perfected in the early Tang Dynasty.
In addition, the words originally used as folk songs originated in the early Tang Dynasty, and Li Houzhu created a new situation in the Five Dynasties, which prevailed in the Song Dynasty.
Although Han Fu is a verse, it is good at writing and loses its temperament, which runs counter to the poetic heart.
Mr. Ye Jiaying divided words into three categories: lyrics, poetic words and endowed words. The significance of this division lies in: it is convenient to distinguish the aesthetic characteristics of words.
"The hills overlap and the gold disappears", the words of the lyrics; Poetic words of "flowing water and spring go, it is heaven and earth"; The word "willow shade is straight, smoke is bright".
This division is related to the origin of words and the social form at that time, so I won't go into details here. The general characteristics of the three are: poetry is like poetry, expressing the author's ambition; Lyrics are the original appearance of words, which can be understood as the popular version of poetic words; Fu has the same part of speech as Han Fu, hence its name. You can see the difference from the example.
2.3.2 Advantages and disadvantages of poetic style
Words have different linguistic features. Compared with poetry, words have more expressive functions and are better at expressing tortuous and implicit poems.
There is no difference in poetic style, but there are differences in poetic expression.
In Wang Guowei's language, "in the modern poetry system, five-character quatrains are the most respected, followed by metrical poems, which rank lowest." "Small words such as quatrains, long words such as metrical poems. Long as "Hundred Characters Order" and "Qinyuanchun", it is close to the arrangement. "
This statement is from the perspective of charm, interest and spirituality. This can indeed be called the first essence of poetry.
Generally speaking, people with poor spirits like to lay out space, which is essentially a sign of cowardice.
2.4 the essence of appreciation-poetry
A poet should be familiar with the quality of poetry or its way of expressing characters. After a small achievement, he will lay his own poetic style, and he will take it.
There are eight styles of Liu Xie: elegant, strange, far-reaching, obvious, refined, complex, magnificent and light.
Si Kongtu's twenty-four poems are vigorous, diluted, delicate, heavy, quaint, refined, vigorous, beautiful, natural, subtle, bold, smart, meticulous, wild, strange, tortuous, realistic, sad, descriptive, super-conceptual, elegant, broad-minded and smart.
Pay attention to savor slowly in the process of appreciation, without elaborating.
2.5 the essence of appreciation-poetic heart
After talking for a long time, what are poetry and poetic heart? What is the first meaning of poetry?
There is a famous saying: "Girls' feelings are always poems". This is the correct view.
The characteristics of girls' feelings: simplicity, beauty, euphemism and intimacy.
That smile is the first willow bud, the first blooming spring flower, so bright; Mature worries are the plum rains in March in the south of the Yangtze River and the return of the West Lake to the pillars, which are so subtle and unpredictable. On the one hand, hibiscus comes out of the water, naturally without carving; A wonderful dance returns to the air, attracting people's hope. The beauty of combining simplicity and euphemism is always exciting and unforgettable.
This is the first essence of poetry!
Of course, a woman with daily necessities can also be a poem, and a rough man can also be a poem, but there is a difference between a river and a stream. It is not advisable to look for details regardless of the overall situation.
The poet's heart is subtle. He is at the door of roads and miracles. It is difficult for a poet to explore all his life.
Debate on Boldness and Gracefulness
There is no difference between poetry and words in poetic expression, and there is no need to distinguish them. There is no such difference between bold and graceful in poetry, but it appears in ci, which is only an academic classification.
The meaning of "unruly" is also contrary to the poetic mind, which will be tortuous, success will go to heaven, and failure will be general.
Successful examples such as "The River Never Returning" and "Several Romantic Figures" are all made by talent and spirit, and it is difficult for people to learn from ancient times. "Thirty fame, the dust settles, eight thousand miles of clouds and the moon" is full of anger and ambition.
Perhaps the best annotation is that there are few words of "bold and unconstrained" and many words of "graceful and restrained", and the difference is wide.
2.6 Appreciation-Discrimination of Poetry
The ancients sang praises of things, expressed their feelings, wandered and accommodated their thoughts, not limited to the present. Form is in words, and words are endless. There are many beautiful women among them. Try to list one or two.
2.6. 1 nature
Wang Wei "There is moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream". To reach the fairyland with the simplest and simplest language, it is impossible without supreme skills.
Meng Haoran "But now I remember that night, that storm, I wonder how many flowers were broken" and "How wide the world is, how close the trees are to heaven and how close the moon is to water!" ; Li Bai "looked up and found that it was moonlight, and then sank, and I suddenly remembered home."
Are natural wonders.
logic
Du Fu "Fish comes out in the drizzle, and Yan is inclined in the breeze." Silk and rain are closely woven, so the fish float and rest; The breeze was intermittent, so Yan Ying suddenly blew sideways. Before and after the title, the language is natural and logical.
Du fu's "chaotic clouds and low dusk, dancing snow and returning to the air"; Zhang Xian's "Clouds Breaking the Moon and Shadows"; In "Xu Hun", "When the clouds first sink, the rain comes."
All belong to logic.
2.6.3 yuan Asia
Du Fu's "clouds are fragrant and foggy, and the jade shoulders are cold." Sitting alone after finishing the makeup, the fat is fragrant and the white moon is slightly cold. A short cross solidified for several hours. Just because the fragrance is short and not easy to condense, people will disperse when they move. These sedentary people are thinking, remembering, worrying and complaining. Although they didn't say a word, they jumped to the page.
Xie Lingyun's "Spring grass grows in the pond, and the garden willows become songbirds"; Xie Tiao's "A boat is known in the sky and a river tree is distinguished in the cloud" almost depicts a complete story within a cross.
If this is elegant taste.
meditate
Yuan Hao asked, "I don't care about my heart, but teach peaches and plums to be spring breeze." It's not just when begonia is not in bloom.
Du Mu "Candle has a heart to say goodbye, crying for others until dawn." ; Li Qingzhao "curtain rolls west wind, people are thinner than yellow flowers"; Feng Yansi "The drizzle is wet, and the grass hates every year." ; Jiang Kui: "Huainan Mingyue Qian Shan is cold and nobody cares." ; Qin Guan said, "Chen Jiang is lucky to go around Chen Shan. Who is going to Xiaoxiang for?" .
They are all beautiful ideas.
(Note: The above part seems to be "ingenious", but as a beginner, you must think carefully. )
try to be unique
Southern and Northern Dynasties? To Tu Thanh said: "If you only say that flowers are snow, you don't realize that there is fragrance." See flowers as snow, see snow as flowers, I don't know whether it is snow or flowers. Is it true? Is it true? I want to be carefree.
Wang Anshi changed his poem to "It is not snow that comes from afar, but incense that comes from afar". Lost all rhymes!
"Poetry with the Garden" also records that "flowers are planted intentionally in the water, and one branch is turned into two branches."
It's all very clever.
Tong Hanqing: "The shore clouds are wet, and the sand moon shines on the eyebrows." This is also an ingenious structure.
2.6.6 pictures
Du Fu's "Stark sings the fifth watch, beats the drum and blows the horn, and the Milky Way fights the three mountains"; Wang Wei's "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen"; Li Bai's "The mountains are flat and primitive, and the river winds over the wilderness" and "Chile Song" "The sky is wild and the wind blows the grass and lowers the cattle and sheep."
This is a wonderful painting.
field
Wang Wei "I will walk until the water checks my path, and then sit and watch the rising clouds" and "It's too light for anyone to hear except my comrade, Mingyue"; Liu Zongyuan's "A boat with a leaf, a bamboo coat, an old man fishing in the cold river-snow"; Li Bai "never tires of seeing it, only Jingting Mountain".
A wonderful realm.
Words and phrases
Du Fu's "fragrant rice pecks parrot grains, and old phoenix branches live in Wu Bi"; Zhu's circle.
Li Bai "But since the water is still flowing, even though we cut it with the sword, sadness will come back, even though we drown them with wine"; Liu Yong's "clothes are getting wider and wider, I don't regret it, I am thin for Iraq"; Anonymous "the mountain has no mausoleum, and the river is exhausted. Unless the towering mountains disappear, unless the raging rivers dry up. Heaven and earth are one, but dare to separate from you. "
They are all wonderful words.