1. Read classic ancient prose and short stories
Ceng Zi Zuo Yi
Anonymous [pre-Qin]
Ceng Zi is ill. Le Zhengzi Chun is sitting under the bed, Zeng Yuan and Zeng Shen are sitting at the feet, and the boy is sitting in the corner holding a candle. The boy said, "flashy, what's the difference with a doctor?" Zichun said, "Stop!" Hearing this, Ceng Zi Qu Ran said, "Hoo!" Say, "Gorgeous, what is a doctor?" Ceng Zi said, "Of course. Thanks to Ji Sun, I can't change it. Yuan, changeable. " Zeng Yuan said, "Your master's illness has changed and cannot be changed. Fortunately, as for Dan, please respect it. " Ceng Zi said, "Your love for me is not as good as mine. A gentleman's love is also virtuous, and a fine lover is also tolerant. What can I ask? I deserve to die. " Easy to help. The reverse seat is not safe.
analyse
The purpose of the article is obvious, not to expose the collapse of "ceremony", but to tell people through this story that ceremony is more important than life, and Zeng Shen is a model of protecting ceremony with his own body. For today's readers, taking Zeng Shen as an example is extremely pedantic. But aside from the content of the "ceremony" that Zeng Shen abided by, his spirit of being strict with himself and being able to correct his mistakes is also touching. It is still the famous saying that "a gentleman loves, considerate and tolerant", and the content of "virtue" is alternating between the old and the new.
For Ceng Zi, the life change at the end of his life is only the smallest detail in his life, and this detail is the dazzling flash in his last breath. The creator of The Book of Rites described this detail concisely and vividly. Although there are not many words, the scene of treating the disease is very specific and the modality of the characters is fully displayed. Especially boys are unscrupulous and outspoken; Zeng Shen's resolute attitude and serious heart make people feel immersive.
When Ceng Zi was seriously ill, he insisted on replacing the mattress that was not commensurate with his status, and even died in the process of replacing the mattress, which showed Ceng Zi's firm belief in abiding by etiquette and law, and also embodied the Confucian concept of supremacy of etiquette and law. This is an extreme example of "self-denial".
2. Read classic ancient prose and short stories.
The debate about fish.
Zuo Qiuming [Pre-Qin]
Chu people cut song to save Zheng. Song guild fights. Sima Gu remonstrated: "Heaven has abandoned business for a long time, so you will revive it and forgive it." Listen. In the winter of November, Duke Song and Chu fought against Hong. When the Song Dynasty was founded, Chu people were not named Ji. Sima Yi said, "He is a small man, and he is not surnamed Ji. Please hit them. " Gong said, "No." Don't list the discipline, but tell it. Gong said, "Impossible." Chen hit it again, and the Song division was defeated. Public injury, door officer annihilation.
All China people blame the public. Gong said, "A gentleman is not seriously injured. In ancient times, it was an army, not a barrier. Although I have died, I can't do it without drums. " Yu Zi said, "You don't know how to fight. Those who defeat the enemy pass without a name, praise me. Isn't it bad to stop it? There is still fear! Now, those embarrassed people are our enemies. It's bullshit, but if you get it, take it. What's the point? Teach war with shame and murder the enemy. How can you not be heavy before you die? If you love serious injuries, don't hurt them; If you love twenty cents, it's like serving food. For military use, the golden drum uses sound gas. If it is for profit, it can also be blocked; The sound is full of ambition and the drums are good. "
Brief analysis
In this article, Song Xianggong is a short-sighted monarch. If you want to be kind, why be enemies with others? Since we are enemies, we can't talk about kindness. It is really inconsistent. If you want to be kind to the enemy, you must be in an invincible position before you can speak. Otherwise, you will not only get hurt, but also lose your life and even lose the capital to tell your kindness. Otherwise, we must destroy the enemy virtually. I am not everyone's enemy, and everyone does not regard me as an enemy. That is kindness! Song Xianggong's kindness to the enemy is also cruel to himself. In the meantime, Yu Zi seems to be unlucky to help such a "woman's pity" monarch. The author mainly describes a pedantic and ignorant monarch.
3. Read classic ancient prose and short stories
Be born at hardship, die at peace and happiness
Mencius and his disciples [pre-Qin]
Shun was born in mu, Fu Shuo was born in the middle of the building, and the glue was in fish and salt. Guan Yi I was a scholar, Sun Shuai was in the sea, and a hundred miles was in the city. Therefore, when the sky falls, people must first suffer their minds, their bones and muscles, starve their bodies, empty their bodies, and mess around. Therefore, patience has benefited them a lot. (It's the work of a man: a Sri Lankan)
People are unchangeable, and then they can change; Trapped in the heart, balanced in consideration, and then made; Color label, sound hair, and then metaphor. A country, if there are no ministers and wise men who can assist the king, will often be in danger of the collapse of its neighboring countries and the misfortunes from abroad. Then I know that I was born in sorrow and died in happiness.
translate
Shun was used from farming in the fields, from building walls, from selling fish and salt, from saving Guan Yiwu from prison officials, from a secluded place by the sea, and from redeeming Prissy from the slave market.
Therefore, if God wants to put a heavy responsibility on a person, he must first make his heart ache, his bones and muscles tired, his stomach hungry, his skin emaciated, his body poor and his every move unsatisfactory. This will shock his mind, temper his temperament and increase his abilities that he does not have.
People often make mistakes before they can correct them; Inner upset, blocked thoughts, and then you can rise; The mood is revealed on the face, expressed in the voice, and then it can be understood. A country is often in danger of collapse if it does not have ministers who stick to the statutes and sages who can assist the king, and if it does not have comparable neighboring countries and foreign disasters.
In this way, we know that sadness and injury are enough to make people live, and comfort and enjoyment are enough to make people perish.
4. Read classic ancient prose and short stories
Shuo Ma
Han Yu [Tang Dynasty]
Where there is Bole, there is a swift horse. A thousand miles away, there are not many boles. Therefore, although there is a famous horse, it is only humiliated by a slave, and it is not called a thousand miles to die in a trough. (Only: Only)
A horse can travel thousands of miles, and a stone can eat it all. People who eat horses don't know that they can travel thousands of miles and still eat. This is a horse. Although it has the ability to travel thousands of miles, it looks beautiful only because of lack of food and physical strength, and it is impossible to wait with an ordinary horse. Why not ask it to travel thousands of miles?
If you don't follow the way, you can't make the best use of it, but if you sing it, you can't understand its meaning. If it is implemented, we must face it and say, "There are no horses in the world!" Oh! Is it really innocent? I really don't understand horses!
translate
Bole comes first, then swift horse. There are often swift horses, but Bole is not often. So although there are precious horses, they can only be humiliated by servants and die in the trough with ordinary horses. They are not called swift horses.
A horse that walks thousands of miles a day can sometimes eat a stone of grain. The people who feed the horse don't know that it can walk thousands of miles every day and feed it like an ordinary horse. Although such a horse has the ability to travel thousands of miles a day, its food intake and physical strength are insufficient, and its talents and virtues cannot be displayed outside. If you want to be an ordinary horse, you can't do it. How can you ask it to travel thousands of miles?
If you don't whip the swift horse in the right way to drive it away, you can't do your best to feed it. When you hear the neigh of a swift horse, you can't understand it. You face it with a whip and say, "There is no swift horse in the world!" Alas, is there really no maxima? Probably I really don't know Maxima!
5. Read classic ancient prose and short stories
Fool salt
Sinhalese [Southern and Northern Dynasties]
There used to be a fool. As for his family. The owner and food are tasteless. Hearing this, the master is more beneficial to salt. After he got the beauty of salt, he said to himself, "Beautiful people also have salt. There are fewer children and more conditions? " A fool without wisdom has no salt. The food was delicious, but it was a disaster.
translate
Once upon a time, there was a foolish man who went to a friend's house and had dinner with his host. He doesn't like light food. When the host heard this, he added salt to the dish. He felt delicious after eating, so he said to himself, "The food is delicious because of the salt." This kind of situation is rare, let alone many times? "This stupid man has no wisdom, so he only eats salt and doesn't eat vegetables. After eating it, his taste became worse, but it became his nemesis.
To annotate ...
Food: food.
Moon Hee: Listen.
More: Come again.
Benefits: increase.
It's already started.
Empty: empty talk
Delicious: it tastes bad.
So: the reason ...
Answer: Again.
Cool: poor, corrupt.
Wisdom: wisdom.
So: the reason.
On the contrary.
Suffer: disaster.
arouse
Everything must have a "degree". Otawa is disproportionately small. Salt fool is stupid because he doesn't know the truth of proportion.
There must be a limit to everything. It will be wonderful when it is just right. Once it goes too far, it will go to the opposite side, even if it is a good thing, it will be bad. If truth takes a step forward, it will become fallacy. So everything is measured, not enough.