Master and Slave is a famous chapter in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit, and there are endless discussions about it. Since Koev's creative interpretation, it has become an "excellent learning". Based on Hegel's philosophical system, this paper explains the concepts of "self-awareness", "desire" and "recognition", and makes a detailed interpretation of the part of "master and slave", thus making clear the position of master-slave dialectics in the whole Hegel's philosophical system. The structure of this paper, the first part briefly expounds the significance of Phenomenology of Spirit in Hegel's philosophy through Hegel's life and philosophy system, and the second part interprets Master and Slave in detail, which is divided into three sections, namely "desire, life struggle and mutual recognition", "conflict between master and slave" and "labor dialectics". The third part is the conclusion, which expounds the inseparable relationship between "self-awareness" and human social history under the basic principles of phenomenology of spirit.