1. The original text of Confucius's Analects "On Making Friends" (do not translate),

Zengzi said: "I have to examine myself three times in a day: Is it true that I am not loyal to others? Is it good to make friends with others?" Don’t you believe it? Are you not accustomed to it?” (No. 1 of “Xueer”)

The Master said: “Qiu Qiu is ashamed of his clever words and his commanding manner. If you resent someone but befriend him, Zuo Qiu will be ashamed of you, and Qiu will be ashamed of you." ("Gongye Chang" fifth)

Yan Yuan and Ji Ludai. Confucius said: "What are your ambitions?" Zilu said: "I wish that my chariots and horses, my clothes were light, and I could have sex with my friends, and I would have no regrets." Yan Yuan said: "I wish that I would never do good deeds, and that I would not do any hard work." Zilu said. Said: "I would like to hear the ambition of the Master!" The words said: "The old will be at peace with it, the friends will believe in it, and the young will cherish it." ("Gongye Chang" fifth)

Confucius said: "The Lord is loyal and trustworthy, and the young will cherish it." If your friends are not as good as yourself, don't be afraid to correct them ("Zihan" 9)

Confucius said: "Three friends will benefit you, and you will lose three friends: friends who are straightforward, friends who are forgiving, and friends who are knowledgeable. If you have friends, you will be brave. If you are friendly, you will be gentle. If you have friends, you will be sycophantic, which is a loss. "("Ji Shi" 16) Zengzi said: "I examine myself three times every day: Is it true that I am being unfaithful to others? Make friends but don’t believe it? Are you not used to it? " (No. 1 of "Xue Er")

Confucius said: "Qiu Qiu is ashamed of his clever words, his commanding appearance, and his full respect. If you hide your grudges and befriend others, Zuo Qiu will be ashamed of him, and Qiu will be ashamed of him. " (Fifth of "Gongye Chang")

Yan Yuan and Ji Ludai. Confucius said: "Yong Ge said your ambition? Zilu said: "I hope that my carriage, horse, and clothing will be light, and I will have sex with my friends, and I will have no regrets about it." Yan Yuan said: "I wish there would be no cutting off good deeds and no giving of hard work." Zilu said, "I would like to hear your ambition!" "The words say: "The old are at peace with it, the friends trust it, and the young are pregnant with it. "("Gongye Chang", fifth)

Confucius said: "The master is loyal and trustworthy, and if his friends are not as good as himself, then he should not be afraid of correcting them. ("Zihan" 9)

Confucius said: "Three friends benefit and harm three friends: friends who are straight, friends who are forgiving, friends who are knowledgeable, it is beneficial; friends who are friendly, friends who are gentle, friends who are sycophantic. "It's a loss." (Ji Shi, Chapter 16) 2. The original text of "The Analects" of junior middle school students

"The Analects of Confucius" Ten Chapters 1. Confucius said: "Isn't it true that one should learn from time to time?" Isn't it a pleasure to have a friend come from afar? Isn't it a gentleman to be ignorant? "Have you learned something new?" 3. If you review the past and learn something new, you can become a teacher. 4. The Master said: "Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous." 5. Master said: "You, teach your daughter to know it!" Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, that is knowing." 6. Confucius said: "When you see a virtuous person, you must think about it; when you see an unworthy person, you have to introspect yourself." 7. Confucius said: "When three people are walking together, there must be one who is my teacher; choose him. Follow those who are good, and change those who are not good." 8. Zengzi said: "A scholar cannot be without great perseverance. The responsibilities are heavy and the road is long. Isn't it also important to be benevolent? Isn't it also a long way to go after death? 9. Confucius said: "The years are cold, and then you know that the pines and cypresses will wither." 10. Zigong asked: "Is there anything you can do for a lifetime?" Confucius said: "Why don't you do what you don't want?" Don’t do it to others.” 3. A whole chapter of classical Chinese in The Analects

The entire "Analects of Confucius" is a classical Chinese text, most of which are records of the thoughts, speeches and activities of Confucius, his disciples and related people, but the "Xiang Party" chapter It contains a concentrated record of Confucius' daily life and habits, which is worth reading. Here is an excerpt from one of the articles:

The Tenth Party of the Township

10.1 Confucius was as sullen as the Xiangdang Also, those who seem to be unable to speak. When he was in the imperial court of the ancestral temple, he spoke casually. Only sincerely.

In the 10.2 dynasty, when talking to the senior officials, it was as if they were talking, and when talking to the senior officials, they were expressing their condolences. Gentleman, pepper is wrong, and it is right and wrong.

10.3 When you summon your envoys, you will be as lustful as you are, and your feet will be as grasping as they are. He bowed to where he was standing, his left and right hands, the front and back of his clothes, as if he were in a state of delirium. Moving forward, wings are like this. When the guest retreats, he will reply with a message: "The guest doesn't care."

10.4 When entering the public gate, bow as if you don't want to. If you don't stand in the middle, you won't meet the threshold. If it is out of position, the color is like erection, the feet are like clenching, and the words seem to be insufficient. Photographing everyone rising up into the hall, bowing as if they were bowing, and holding their breath as if they were not resting. Come out, drop to the next level, show off your colors, and be as happy as you are. There is no step trend, the wings are like it, and when it returns to its position, the jiaocuo is like it.

10.5 Hold the gui and bow as if you are invincible. The top is like a bow, the bottom is like a teaching, the erection is like a war color, and the feet are shrinking, as if there are traces. Enjoy the gift and look good. Privately, enjoy yourself.

10.6 A gentleman does not use cyan and purple as underwear. When it is hot, the patient will be diagnosed with good health, and it will come out clearly. The lamb's fur coat is made of silk, the neon fur coat is plain, and the fox fur coat is yellow. If the fur is too long, choose the right one if it is short. There must be pajamas, half as long as the whole body. Fox and raccoon dogs are so thick that they can live in them. Go to mourning and admire everything. If it is not a curtain, it will be killed. Don't hang up the crown of lamb fur. In an auspicious month, the court must obey and come to court.

On 10.7, there must be bright clothes. When Qi comes, the food must be changed, and the residence must be moved.

10.8 You will never tire of fine food and fine food. He chokes on food and refuses to eat. The fish is tired and the meat is rotten, so he does not eat. If you look evil, you won’t eat. Loss of cooking, no eating. From time to time, do not eat. If the cut is not correct, it will not be eaten. If you don't get the sauce, you won't eat it. Although there is a lot of meat, it does not make Shengshi Qi. But the immeasurable amount of wine is not as good as chaos. Selling wine in the market and eating preserved meat. Do not withdraw ginger food. Don’t eat too much.

10.9 Sacrifice to the public, do not sacrifice meat. The sacrificial meat must not be eaten for three days, and it must not be eaten for three days.

10.10 Eat without speaking and sleep without speaking.

10.11 Even if you eat vegetables, soup, melons and offer sacrifices sparingly, they will all be the same.

10.12 Don’t sit down if the table is not straight.

10.13 When the villagers drink wine, the stick comes out. This is the way to go.

On October 14, a villager named Nuo stood on the steps in court uniform.

10.15 Ask someone to go to another country, worship him again and send him off.

10.16 Kangzi offered medicine, worshiped and received it. He said: "I haven't reached the Qiu yet, so I don't dare to taste it."

10.17 The stables were burned, and the son withdrew from the court, saying: "Did it hurt anyone?" Don't ask about the horse.

10.18 When you give me food, you must taste it first. If you give it fishy taste, you will definitely be familiar with it and recommend it. If you give life to someone, you must livestock it. Serve food to you, and offer sacrifices to you, and eat first.

10.19 Disease, the king regards it, heads to the east, adds court clothes and drags the gentry.

10.20 You have been ordered to call, so you can go ahead without waiting.

Entering the Ancestral Temple on 10.21 and asking about everything. 10.22 When a friend dies and has nowhere to go, he says, "Come to my funeral."

10.23 The gifts given by friends, even though they are carriages and horses, are not sacrifices of meat, so they will not be worshiped.

10.24 It is impossible to live without a dead body.

10.25 Those who see the decline of Qi will change even if they are together. Seeing those with crowns and those with blind eyes, even if they are blasphemous, they will still look at their appearance. The one who wears fierce clothes is the one who wears the style, and the one who wears the style is negative. When there is a sumptuous meal, it must be cooked in a different color. Thunder and wind will change.

For a 10.26-liter car, you must stand upright. In the car, don't look inwards, don't speak harshly, don't point fingers personally.

10.27 Sesi is lifted, soaring and then gathering. He said: "The female pheasant on the mountain ridge is here!" Zilu sniffed it and sniffed it three times. 4. Classical Chinese: Confucius on making friends

Original text

1. Confucius said: "Three friends will benefit you, and three friends will harm you ①. Friends who are straightforward, friends who are understanding ②, and friends who are knowledgeable are the benefits. . If you are friendly, you will be polite (4), and if you are friendly, you will be sarcastic (5), which is a loss."

"The Analects of Confucius? Ji's Chapter"

Notes

1. Loss. :damage. ②forgiveness: faithfulness. ③Bianpi: Flattery. ④ Kindness and softness: Compliment in person, slander behind your back. ⑤Foolish words: sweet words.

Translation

Confucius said: "There are three kinds of useful friends and three kinds of harmful friends. Make friends with upright people, make friends with honest people, and make friends with well-informed people. It is beneficial to make friends with people who flatter you, it is harmful to make friends with people who flatter you, and you make friends with people who flatter you. Interpretation

Life cannot be without friends. “It’s such a joy to have friends from far away!” The joy of making friends and learning. "The Lord is faithful, and he has no friends who are worse than himself." You cannot make friends with people who are not faithful. Confucius has repeatedly warned about the joy of making friends and the caution in choosing friends. This chapter also warns us that "there are three friends who benefit and three friends who harm us." There are three kinds of friends who are beneficial and three kinds of friends who are harmful. Integrity friends help you achieve benevolence. Upright people can speak out and give honest advice. "Friends help benevolence", understanding and integrity. Honest friends are your support. Those who forgive can be loyal and not deceived. "Trust will lead to whatever you want." With friends who are well-informed, discussing knowledge will help you gain knowledge and wisdom. Those who are well-informed can understand the key points of politics, and "make friends through literature." 5. Ancient texts about friendship

High Mountains and Flowing Waters

In the pre-Qin era, there was a luthier named Yu named Boya. Although his qin skills were good, he had no one who could understand his language.

One day while playing the piano in the barren mountains and wilderness, the woodcutter Zhong Ziqi actually expressed his thoughts, "The towering ambitions are in the mountains" and "the oceans are in the flowing water", so he was introduced as a close friend by Boya. But Ziqi died young, and Boya was in great pain, so he broke the strings...

At this point in the story, another version appeared. Why did Boya break the strings? What happened after you broke the string? It has been a long time, and what most people know is that Boya "abstained from sex for the rest of his life" in memory of his friend Zhong Ziqi. But in my story, it goes like this: Upon hearing the news of Ziqi's death, Boya burst into tears. Others were puzzled and said, "The reason why I became friends with him was because I wanted to take this opportunity to let him give me a few gifts for free." Carrying firewood, who knows, someone else may be dead before the firewood is delivered! (Note: In ancient times, agriculture was emphasized and business was suppressed, and there were no musicians.

Peach Blossom Pond

There are two friends, one of whom is a poet and a heavy drinker. The two have a similar relationship. Well, it belongs to the type of "deep feelings and a dull mouth". The night before the separation, the friend treated the poet to a nice drink and gave him a lot of money. The poet fell asleep happily. The next day, he boarded a boat for a long trip and heard singing on the shore again. Wandering around, I felt deeply in my heart, so I wrote an eternally famous poem: "My wife was about to go on a boat, and suddenly I heard the sound of singing on the shore. The water of Peach Blossom Pond is a thousand feet deep, and it is not as deep as my mother's love."

In addition to posting couplets during the Spring Festival, portraits of two people are usually posted on both sides of the gate, that is, the two legendary "door gods". One of them is the legendary "horse riding on both sides of the Yellow River, beating Shandong." Qin Qiong, Qin Shubao, who made friends like Mengchang in the Six Prefectures, and who was a filial mother and Zhuanzhu, was also known as the "Second Brother of Qin" in the world. He was also the founding hero of the Tang Dynasty in real history. Naturally, this story is also related to " It is related to "Second Brother Qin".

It is said that "Second Brother Qin" dyed his face and painted his beard to pretend to be a thief in order to go to Dengzhou to save his friends. When passing by Liangli Village, there were three forked roads, one going to Licheng, One way to go to Dengzhou and the other way back home, "Second Brother" couldn't help but think of his mother, wife and children. It was really "hard to have both filial piety and justice". After hesitating for a moment, he finally went to Dengzhou as if he were going home. 6. The Analects of Confucius and Classical Chinese < /p>

(1) Wouldn’t it be nice to have a friend come from afar?

(2) Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones. When you see someone who is unworthy, you should introspect yourself.

(3) 1. Refers to the content learned. 2. Particle, unintentional. 3. Particle, unintentional. 4. His advantages

Wait

Mencius: Meng’s mother moved three times (mainly talking about Mencius and Mencius who have moved three times with her now)

(6) Mencius: The idiom "生生" "Die in sorrow and happiness"

Confucius: Idiom "Review the past and learn the new" "When three people are walking, there must be my teacher"

(7) When three people are walking, there must be my teacher

This sentence shows Confucius's self-cultivation and open-mindedness to learn. It includes two aspects: on the one hand, choose the good people and follow them, and learn from others when you see them. This is the spirit of being open-minded and eager to learn. On the one hand, correcting those who are not good, taking warnings when seeing others' bad deeds, and reflecting on oneself is the spirit of self-cultivation. In this way, no matter whether the people you work with are good or bad, you can use this spirit and attitude as a teacher. It is worth learning.

(8) Do not do to others what you would like others to do to you. 7. Ancient idioms about making friends in classical Chinese

High mountains and flowing water are a metaphor for finding a close friend or a wonderful piece of music. "Tang Wen": "Bo Ya played the harp and played the harp, aiming high in the mountains. Zhong Ziqi said: 'How good it is! It's as high as Mount Tai.'" ’ Aiming at the flowing water, he said: ‘How good it is, it is as vast as a river.

Source of the allusion

"Liezi·Tangwen": "Bo Ya played the drum and harp, aiming to climb a high mountain. Zhong Ziqi said: 'It's so good, it's as tall as Mount Tai.' Aspiration On the flowing water, he said: "It's so good, it's as vast as a river. '"

Character introduction

Boya, a senior official in the Jin State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, was originally from Yingdu, Chu State. Today's Jingzhou, Hubei). After research, Boya's original surname was Bo. It was said that his "surname was Yu Mingrui and his given name was Boya" was a fabrication in the novel by Feng Menglong, a novelist in the late Ming Dynasty. Before that, "Historical Records", "Xunzi", "Qin Cao", "Bo Ya" is used in "Liezi" and other books.

Gao You of the Eastern Han Dynasty noted: "Bo's surname, Ya's name, may be Ya", and the modern "Ci Yuan" also noted: "Bo's surname is Ya's name". Bo was a very common surname in ancient times, such as Boyi who did not eat Zhou millet during the reign of King Wu of Zhou Dynasty, Bo Le who was good at horse-drawing during King Mu of Qin, etc.

Zhong Ziqi, named Hui, courtesy name Ziqi. A native of Chu State in the Spring and Autumn Period (now Hanyang, Hubei Province). According to legend, Zhong Ziqi was a woodcutter who wore a bamboo hat and a raincoat, carried a load on his back, and held an axe. Historical records record that Yu Boya was playing the harp by the Han River, and Zhong Ziqi sighed: "It's as tall as a mountain and as swaying as flowing water." The two became close friends. After Zhong Ziqi's death, Yu Boya believed that there was no more music in the world and stopped playing the harp for the rest of his life.

Original text in classical Chinese

Boya was good at playing the drum and harp, and Zhong Ziqi was good at listening. Boya plays the drum and harp, aiming high in the mountains. Zhong Ziqi said: "How good it is! It's as tall as Mount Tai!" Aiming at flowing water, Zhong Ziqi said: "How good it is! It's as tall as a river!" What Boya thought about, Zhong Ziqi would definitely get it. When Ziqi died, Boya said that there would be no more music in the world. He would break the strings of his harp and never play the drum again for the rest of his life.

Translation

Boya was good at playing the piano, and Zhong Ziqi was good at listening. When Boya played the piano, he thought of the mountains. Zhong Ziqi said: "You played so well! It seems like towering mountains appeared in front of my eyes!" Thinking of the flowing water, Zhong Ziqi said: "Okay! I seem to see a rushing river!" What Boya said No matter what he is thinking, Zhong Ziqi can accurately express his thoughts. After Zhong Ziqi died, Boya felt that he would never find a close friend again, so he broke his beloved piano and never played it again for the rest of his life.