The Choshu Domain was a vassal territory during the Edo shogunate period in Japan. It was located in the westernmost part of Honshu Island, Japan (the Zhou Fang Kingdom and Nagato Kingdom at the time), together with Satsuma Domain on Kyushu Island and Tosa on Shikoku Island. Fans face each other across the sea. The feudal lord, the Mori clan, was stationed in Hagi Castle (now Hagi City, Yamaguchi Prefecture). Therefore, it is also called Mori Domain or Hagi Domain.

Introduction

The Choshu Domain was far away from Edo, and the feudal lords of the past dynasties were at odds with the shogunate. During the late Tokugawa period, the Choshu Domain and the Satsuma Domain later formed the "Satsucho Alliance" to jointly attack the shogunate.

Yoshida Shoin, a famous thinker of the Choshu Domain at the end of the Edo shogunate, proposed the "One King, Ten Thousand People Theory", advocating the equality of all people under the emperor. Under his disciples emerged many patriots of Japan's Meiji Restoration and promoters of militaristic expansion, such as Hirobumi Ito: the "Father of the Meiji Constitution" of Japan, who planned the invasion of Korea and the Sino-Japanese War of 1898-1898.

Kido Takayun (Kasura Kogoro): Together with Saigo Takamori and Okubo Toshimichi, they are known as the "Three Heroes of the Restoration".

Takasugi Shinsaku

Yamagata Aritomo: the third and ninth prime minister, and was known as the commander of Japan's first army during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895.

Inoue Munta

Other famous celebrities from the Choshu Domain include:

Nogi Nogi Nori

Kodama Gentaro

Terauchi Masaki

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List of feudal lords

1. Mouri Terumoto from 1603 to 1623

2. Mouri Hidemoto from 1625 to 1651

3. Tsunahiro Mori from 1651 to 1682

4. Yoshihiro Mori from 1682 to 1694

5. Yoshihiro Mori from 1694 to 1707

6. Mori Yoshimoto 1707-1731

7. Mori Munehiro 1731-1751

8. Mori Jigen 1751-1782

9. Mao Li Qi Xi from 1782 to 1791

10. Mao Li Qifang from 1791 to 1809

11. Mao Li Qi Xi from 1809 to 1824

13. Maori Qiguang 1836

14. Maori Jingqin 1836-1869

15. Mouri Gentoku 1869-1871 The Satsuma Domain was an ancient Japanese vassal territory located in the southwest of Kyushu, the northern half of today's Kagoshima Prefecture.

During the Edo period of Japan, the Daimyo clan, which had a close relationship with the shogunate, was located near Edo, which is now Tokyo. The more distant the relationship, the farther away its territory was from Edo. Satsuma Domain is located in the westernmost of Japan's four islands, and its relationship with the shogunate can be imagined. Therefore, its young warrior class promoted innovation, and together with the young warriors of the nearby Choshu Domain, it developed and grew in contact with Western powers, and it was called a strong domain. During the late Tokugawa period, the Satsuma clan and other powerful feudal lords formed an alliance to overthrow the shogunate, advocating the abolition of the shogunate and returning power to the emperor. After Emperor Meiji took power, most of the Japanese cabinet members were from the Choshu and Satsuma domains.

Before this, in 1609, Satsuma clan general Kutaka Kayama invaded Ryukyu, a vassal state of the Ming Dynasty in China at that time, and began Japan's conquest of Ryukyu. More than two hundred years later, Japan officially renamed Ryukyu. The foundation was laid for the annexation of Okinawa to Japan.

A modern Japanese celebrity from Satsuma

Saigo Takamori: the prototype of Katsumoto Mori in the movie "The Last Samurai".

Okubo Toshimichi

Togo Heihachiro Hizen Domain was a vassal territory during the Edo shogunate period in Japan, located in the northwest of Kyushu Island, Japan (today's Saga Prefecture, Japan).

One of the four powerful feudal lords during the movement to overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate. The feudal lords were Nabeshima Kanburu and Nabeshima Naoda. Compared to the other three powerful clans, Saga is almost a handful, and its talent pool is far inferior to that of the Mito and Kumamoto clans. There are only three worth mentioning.

First there are the "two majors", namely Oki Kashihito (1832~1899) who first proposed moving the capital to Edo (Tokyo) and became the first governor of Tokyo, and Okuma Shigenobu (1838) who organized Japan's earliest political party cabinet ~1922).

There is also Eto Shinpei (1834~1874), who advocated the alliance between male and feudal lords and the integration of public and military forces. During the Restoration, he made great contributions in the battle with the Changyi Corps. Later, he advocated the conquest of Korea and went to power at the same time as Saigo Takamori. However, Saigo launched a rebellion in Saga and was defeated and killed. Tosa Domain (とさはん) is the collective name for the area in Tosa Province (now Kochi Prefecture) before the abolition of the domain and the establishment of prefectures. It is a subordinate domain of the external daimyo. The official name is Kochi Domain (こうちはん), and the domain office ( The capital of this place is Kochi Castle (Kochi City).

The Tosa Domain area used to be ruled by the Chosogabe clan (family: family) at the end of the Warring States Period.

During the Battle of Sekigahara in the 5th year of Keicho (1600), Morichika Chosogabe (ちょうそがべもりちか) participated in the battle as a Western Army. After the war, he was demoted and had no territorial rights. He was replaced by Yamauchi Kazutoyo, who was Tokugawa Ieyasu's favorite general. His original territory was Kakegawa Castle in Toe Province (near the current Kakegawa City, Shizuoka Prefecture), and Ishidaka of Kakegawa (territory of The annual output of grains, which is a quantitative basis for measuring the amount of rewards received) was 69,000 koku. When the Tosa Kingdom was renamed, it had 200,000 koku, which was a significant increase. In this way, the Yamauchi family continued to rule the place until the Meiji era.

Although the lord's family name has been changed, because Tosa used to implement the one-collar system, there are many old ministers of the Chosogabe clan. In order to prevent the old ministers from resisting the new leader, the core high-level officials in Kochi Castle are the Yamauchi clan. samurai (vassal officers, sergeants), while the old ministers were relegated to the outer lower levels (countrymen, corporals). This two-tier governance structure resulted in little interaction between the upper and lower levels, and it was not until the end of the shogunate that there was middle-level continuity.

At the beginning, Yamauchi Kazutoyo first developed castle towns and narrow coastal areas in the old city of the Chosogabe clan: Urado Castle, which became today's Kochi City center and shopping streets outside the city. The establishment generally started with the second generation Tadayoshi Yamauchi, who adopted Nonaka Kaneyama's new land development policy. However, after the third generation Tadayoshi Yamauchi succeeded him, political opponents who were dissatisfied with Nonaka Kaneyama's excessive strictness in the past impeached him and he lost power. , died later.

The Tosa Domain's finances did not gradually stabilize until the middle of the Edo period. After the Baojun period (1751-1764), the peasants launched an uprising (unity, referring to peasant armed uprisings and armed riots) to resist high taxes and usury, causing the people to flee to other places, and the finances were shaken. Afterwards, the 9th generation Toyohiro Yamauchi advocated the reform of the feudal administration (Tenmei's reform) focusing on frugality and simplicity, which improved the feudal administration slightly. However, the 13th generation Toyohiro Yamauchi appointed Mabuchi Kahei of the "おこぜgumi" to The reformists who took him as the center came to reform the vassal government, but the results failed.

At the end of the shogunate, the 15th generation Yamauchi Toyonobu (Yamauchi Hall) took office. He appointed Yoshida Toyo (Sabaku faction) to carry out strong feudal government reforms. However, this move was criticized by the conservative clan (anti-barbarian faction). ) and the antipathy of the countrymen, and the Yamauchi Hall was ordered to live in seclusion during the Ansei Prison. At this time, the Tosa Kinwang Party headed by Takeichi Mizuzan (also known as Takeshi Hanheita) assassinated Yoshida Toyo, and then the Yamauchi Hall returned to control. The government retaliated against the King of Logistics Party and executed Seosan (Pan Shi) of Wu City and related party members. Among them, Seosan of Wu City was ordered to commit seppuku. After this suppression, the King of Logistics Party was disbanded. In addition, Goto Shojiro (a feudal lord), Inui Taisuke (later renamed Itagaki Taisuke) (a feudal lord), and Iwasaki Yataro (a ronin) under Yoshida Toyo's sect have all become representative figures of the Meiji era, as well as the close confidant of Takeshi Zuishan. : Sakamoto Ryoma and Nakaoka Shintaro are also outstanding figures.

In the end, Sakamoto Ryoma was the first to come up with the idea of ??repaying the great power, and then Goto Shojiro advised the 15th shogunate: Tokugawa Yoshiki through the former Tosa Domain Lord Yamauchido. After that, the Tokugawa shogunate era came to an end. The Tosa Domain became a key part in the transition of this era. Together with the other three key influential domains, it was collectively called "Satsucho Dohi", which refers to the Satsuma Domain, Choshu Domain, and Tosa Domain. , and the Hizen Domain.

In the 4th year of Meiji (1871), the policy of "abolition of feudal lords and establishment of prefectures" began to be implemented. Tosa Domain was changed to Kochi Prefecture, and the Yamauchi family was granted the title of Han Dynasty Order in 17th year of Meiji (1884). Marquis.

At the end of the 16th century, when the Taihe inspection was carried out, the stone height of Tosa Province declared by the Chosogabe clan was only 98,000 stones. After Yamauchi Ichito became the lord of the domain, the production was re-estimated, and in Keicho In the 10th year (1605), the amount declared to the shogunate was 202,600 koku. Later, in the first year of Genwa (1615), the Awajima Domain's declaration of stone height in Awaji Province increased from 170,000 stone to 257,000 stone. In order to surpass it, Tosa also reported an additional 257,000 stone. In fact, the original intention of the declaration of stone height was This was a basis for the shogunate to have a need for conscription in the future (such as major fortifications or wars) (for example, recruiting 5 people per hundred koku). However, Tosa's additional report was for the sake of the feudal lord's face. The Yamauchi family must maintain its first position in the four countries. Therefore, the grain yield and grain harvest were reported high. However, the shogunate did not acknowledge the Yamauchi family's additional report, and the official record was still 202,600 koku. In addition, the commonly said 242,000 stones are actually based on the common rumors of "Wu Jian".