House of flying daggers, sunset flute and drum, fish and firewood question and answer, eighteen beats of Hu Jia, autumn moon in Han Palace and Chun Xue. According to experts' research, most of the original scores of these ancient famous songs have been lost, and many music books circulating today are fraudulent works by later generations. These pieces of music have been dubbed as the top ten ancient music names by musicians of all ages, with historical allusions as the side lining, borrowing from the past of the ancients to make a strong momentum. This paper selects four of them, focusing on discussing the anecdotes behind ancient songs with readers.
■ Its music is lofty, but its harmony is sparse-Chun Xue.
According to legend, "Chun Xue" was written by Liu, a musician of Jin State or Qi State in the Spring and Autumn Period.
The allusion of Yangchun Baixue comes from Song Yu's answer to the king of Chu in Chu Ci. King Xiang of Chu asked Song Yu if there were any hidden virtues in Mr. Chu. Why don't people praise you so much? Song Yu said that there were singers in Chu State, and the first one was "Xialiba People", and there were thousands of peacemakers in Qian Qian. When the singer sang "Yang Alu", there were only a few hundred middle school peacemakers; When the singer sang "Spring Snow", there were only a few dozen people in the middle school; There were only three people in the Intermediate People's Court when some difficult skills were added in the Song Dynasty, that is, "attracting business and carving feathers, and miscellaneous to levy". Song Yu's conclusion is, "it's its high and low." The more elegant and complicated the song "Chun Xue" is, fewer and fewer people can sing it, that is, the songs are sung in high voices.
The allusion of Chun Xue shows that different appreciators have great differences in aesthetic taste and ability. The higher the artistry of music, the fewer people will appreciate it. I have to admit that this difference has a lot to do with the subjective taste of the audience, and sometimes it is difficult to get an objective and fair evaluation. From this perspective, there is not much difference between ancient and modern times. Nowadays, people appreciate music, mostly "the better the sound, the faster the comfort."
"There are many customs about who snow sings with." A diversified world is inseparable from "snow songs" and "vulgar feelings". The more popular any music is, the more people support it. This is the same reason that the best box office receipts today are often pop songs concerts. Of course, elegant art has its own value, and the longer it takes, the more precious it becomes.
When reading the theme of the ancient song "Spring and Snow", many materials claim that it vividly shows the scene of early spring when winter goes and spring comes, the earth recovers, everything is thriving and full of vitality with fresh and smooth melody and lively and brisk rhythm. Obviously, this is the literal meaning of the word "Yangchun Baixue". The allusions of "Spring Snow" and "Spring Snow" are far apart and have no musical connection.
The song "Chun Xue" is probably related to Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty. Yang's Yuan Qu Chun Xue is a famous collection of Yuan Sanqu. Yuanqu has certain requirements in rhyme and meter. There is a saying in Bai Renfu's Listening to Horses included in Chun Xue. "In Chun Xue, the west wind is heartbroken." It can be seen that there was a tune of "Spring Snow" in the Yuan Dynasty.
As for the heartbreaking song "Chun Xue" in Yuan Dynasty, how it evolved into today's light and smooth music is unknown.
■ Yi Shi is ambitious-Pingsha Wild Goose
The earliest version of Pingsha Goose was Authentic Ancient Sound in the seventh year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1634). The authentic ancient voice solves the problem of geese in Pingsha in this way: "Take the crisp autumn sky, the wind is calm, the clouds and Cheng Wanli fly. Write Yi Shi's mind with Hongyan's eyes. " At this time, it was the era of internal troubles and foreign invasion in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Ming's dynasty will be unlucky, and people of insight all over the world are worried. Perhaps, the phrase "write the heart of Yi Shi with the ambition of Hongyan" is the central point, and it should show the idea that "the rich will help the world, and the poor will be immune to it" advocated by Confucianism.
Yi Shi is a hermit, referring to a scholar who lives in seclusion in the mountains. Since ancient times, there has been a saying in China that "the big Tibetan dynasty, the middle Tibetan city, and the small Tibetan wild". Although Yi Shi is "far away from rivers and lakes", his social influence is sometimes not weaker than those who live in temples.
The earliest hermits can be traced back to ancient times, and famous historians such as Zhuge Liang, Lu Ji, Wang Meng and Xie An all had the experience of seclusion. A real hermit should "only grasp the bass, not fame", but since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, seclusion has tended to be extreme and secular. They regard seclusion as a means to gain fame and utility.
According to their value orientation, literati's seclusion can be roughly divided into Confucian seclusion and Taoist seclusion. The former has certain utilitarian color. If there is governance in the world, it will advance, and if there is no way in the world, it will be hidden. Most Confucian hermits have the ambition of "helping the world at the same time". However, the seclusion of Tao has no utilitarian purpose, and the soul can obtain the most thorough clarity and tranquility through seclusion. For those who have both political experience and seclusion experience, their seclusion can be divided into former official seclusion and later official seclusion, that is, first seclusion and later seclusion. Yi Shi, in the "Yi Shi mind" shown in The Wild Goose in Pingsha, is in a secluded place, but he still has "lofty aspirations", which should belong to the seclusion of Confucianism and before becoming an official.
It's hard to be completely isolated. A hermit is detached on the surface, but his heart may never be calm. From this point of view, the sound in the song and the meaning outside the song of "Wild Goose in Pingsha" contain encouragement for those who want to make a name for themselves, and comfort for those who quit the mountain because of the words.
■ The benevolent Leshan wise man enjoys water-"mountains and rivers"
"Mountain Flowing Water" was widely circulated in the pre-Qin period, and it is a piece of music that can arouse people's infinite yearning for good friendship. This is a touching story, bearing the piano music.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in the 4th century BC, Lieyukou of Zheng recorded in Liezi Tang Wen: "Good at drumming and listening. Boya played the drums and the piano, aiming to climb the mountain. Zhong Ziqi said,' Well, I am as tall as Mount Tai.' Determined to run water, Zhong Ziqi said, "It's good, it's like a river. ' ……"
No matter "aim at high mountains" or "aim at flowing water", whenever Boya expresses a theme or image in his music, Zhong Ziqi can understand its meaning. After each piece of music was finished, Zhong Ziqi "tried his best to make fun of it" and gave a thorough explanation of the image in the music. Boya left the piano at this moment and sighed, "Good, good, you can hear the interest in this song. What you think is what I think. How can I hide my heart? " So they became life confidants.
The story of "Mountain Flowing Water" and Boya Zhong Ziqi has been widely circulated for more than two thousand years because of its profound China culture. China's ancient cultural spirit of "harmony between man and nature" and "selflessness" is fully reflected in this story. Zhu Quancheng's "Magic Secret Spectrum" in the Ming Dynasty made an accurate interpretation of this: "There are two mountains and running water, only one. The first ambition is to care about mountains and rivers and say that benevolent people are Leshan; Later, I cared about running water and said that wise people are happy with water. " The benevolent Leshan, the wise enjoy water, and the mountains and rivers contain the vastness of heaven and earth and the charm of mountains and rivers, which is the highest realm of the real theme of ancient China music.
The most direct reason for the spread of this famous story is the mutual understanding between Boya and Zhong Ziqi. When the bosom friend left, Boya resolutely broke his string and lost his voice. The phrase "few confidants, who will listen when the string is broken" in Yue Fei's Xiao Zhongshan is an accurate portrayal of Boya's mood at that time. Presumably, Boya's piano music is high and low, and it is naturally difficult for ordinary people to understand the subtlety of his music. This is why Boya feels lonely and feels that it is hard to find a bosom friend.
■ If you are angry, you will be angry-flying daggers
If you want to choose China ares, Xiang Yu should undoubtedly be the first choice. He is an indomitable spirit hero.
Xiang Yu has unparalleled courage and momentum, which is rare in ancient and modern times. As the terminator of Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu created many miracles. For example, in the Battle of Julu, facing Qin Jun, the vassals were all afraid. But Xiang Yu led the Chu army to fight to the death with the powerful Qin Jun. In addition to bravery, Xiang Yu's brutal side is also quite amazing. In the early battle of Xiangcheng, because Qin Jun vowed not to surrender, Xiang Yu "pitted" the soldiers guarding the city after Xiangcheng was breached. After the Battle of Julu, Xiang Yu ordered the killing of 200,000 Qin Jun soldiers under Zhang Han, the general of Qin State. However, cruelty is not Xiang Yu's fatal wound. Xiang Yu's biggest mistake was that he did not establish a strong political alliance. After Qin's death, the world was in dispute. Xiang Yu once claimed to be the overlord of the place of Xi Chu, and claimed to be the king of the world by cracking the soil. However, after the enfeoffment, the vassals did not pay allegiance to him. Because of his cruelty and unclear rewards and punishments, he lacks credibility in Wang Zizhong.
When Liu Bang confronted the two armies of Xiang Yu, Xiang Yu once said to Liu Bang: "People of several years old in Hungary are willing to challenge Hanwang and fight it out, rather than suffer from the people of the world and their descendants." Although Liu Bang is mentally inferior, he doesn't care. He smiled and said, "I would rather fight for wisdom than strength." The final victory will always belong to those who have more political wisdom and tactics.
In 202 BC, the dispute between Chu and Han came to an end. The two sides fought in Gaixia (now south of Lingbi, Anhui), and 300,000 Han troops surrounded ten Wan Chu troops. In order to demoralize the other side, the Chinese side asked the soldiers to sing Chu songs. Most Chu soldiers have been away from home for a long time and are tired of fighting for many years. Some people in the Chu army began to sing bad songs, and their morale was completely shaken. Seeing that the general trend has gone, Xiang Yu is also at his wit's end. He sang to Ji: "If you pull out the mountain, you will be angry, and if you are unfavorable, you will not die." What can I do without dying? What is this? "The concubine said," Han soldiers are in a hurry and are under siege. The king is exhausted, how can the concubine make a living? " After singing, he drew his sword and committed suicide. Xiang Yu later fled to Wujiang River. Facing the turbulent river, he looked up at the sky and sighed, "It is not a crime to kill me today." So he drew his sword and committed suicide.
According to this battle, later generations created the famous pipa solo "House of Flying Daggers" and "Overlord Dismantling Armor". The protagonists of "House of Flying Daggers" are Liu Bang and the Han Army. The music is high, exciting and magnificent. Xiang Yu and Chu Jun are the protagonists of "Overlord Dismantling Armor". The music is solemn and stirring, focusing on Xiang Yu's farewell to Kyrgyzstan in the embattled scene. The former is a hymn and the latter is an elegy.
The dramatic melody of House of Flying Daggers not only shows the exultation of the winner, but also shows the generosity and tragic of the loser.