when it comes to history, the twenty-four glorious histories stand out in the annals of history, leaving a treasure mountain for later generations. Compared with the predecessors, the successors are often not precise enough to rule the history. Almost no one can go through the hardships just to edit a history book and pass it on to future generations. In addition, most of the predecessors' works are masterpieces of a generation's painstaking efforts, and it is difficult for future generations to surpass them. In the historical stage, the Qing Dynasty and the small court of Nanming coincided with the great changes of the times, and people's thoughts also split. Under such thinking, it is difficult for us to see more rigorous textual research and historical works. Struve, a well-known sinologist in the United States, who was concerned at the beginning of the reading of The History of Nan Ming, looked at it from a special angle, but after all, the cultural gap was hard to bridge. Secondly, Mr. Nan Bingwen, a famous professor of Nankai University, has a very detailed analysis of the history from the Qing Dynasty's entry into the customs, the withdrawal of the Li Zicheng Rebels from Beijing, and the final failure of the Nanming regimes and the peasant rebels who cooperated with them. However, this book is more academic and reflects the society of Ming and Qing Dynasties with more emphasis on sociology.

The History of the Southern Ming Dynasty, which I saw later, is a historical book compiled by Gu Cheng, a famous Ming historian. "The infighting will lead to national subjugation, and the national subjugation will also lead to infighting." This kind of historical book is based on people's heart and human nature, attached to textual research and rigorous textual research for academic research, so as to analyze it, "get to the bottom of the textual research, and manage history rigorously", so as to interpret and read it. I feel that the history in my heart is more in line with such a book, more suitable for non-professionals with educational level, and more suitable for humanistic interpretation under the premise of rigorous textual research.

Like other history books, the background here begins with the Qing Dynasty's entry into the customs. At the beginning, the first chapter is "The Early History of the Southern Ming Dynasty". When we see Li Zicheng's soldiers retreating, we can also see that the peasant rebels who cooperated with the political power of the Southern Ming Dynasty have a different process from people's understanding to the 4-year history during this period. But this period of history, based on a basic historical fact, is necessarily needed. It is also appropriate for Mr. Gu Cheng to choose this angle.

Reading is different from reading history. We can only read by textual research in many cases. Reading is not a necessary process, but reading history must have your own personal thinking. It is also very strange to say that the history of Nanming is not long, and many versions of the History of Nanming have been read many times. However, according to Mr. Gu Cheng's research, the history it describes during the Ming and Qing Dynasties is also different from other historians. Once this period of history was tortuous, it almost saw the dawn of revival, but it soon disappeared. This was also a period of history in which many historians were interested. For example, some people pay attention to many people in a serious way, such as "research-oriented" to explore the historical evaluation of Qian Qianyi. We have seen many useful profiles here, and we can also see the people's strong desire to understand the history of Nanming.

However, for most people, you still can't find out the details from the dense and complicated history, and you still can't accurately remember many character events and historical details in the History of Nan Ming. History is a building. You may pass by the towering and dense buildings that you can look up to every day in your life, but when all kinds of landscapes are embedded in your mind, you will think carefully and ask which building has how many floors and what are its specific features, but you are still confused. The benefits of reading the History of Nan Ming just make up for this defect.

Among all the famous people in the Ming Dynasty, Mr. Gu Cheng's sincere thinking about the historical truth in The History of Nanming is worthy of our respect. His profound insight into historical figures, at the same time, constantly added his own personal thinking. There are many traces of these thoughts. Reading those aphorisms and famous sayings makes people feel alert everywhere. If we look at the time, in the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), Dashun army captured Beijing, and the Ming Dynasty was officially declared extinct. In the third year of Kangxi (1664), thirteen Kuidong families attacked Chongqing, and in that battle, all traces of the Ming Dynasty were finally eliminated. Mr. Gu Cheng cited a lot of books, and looked them up from various historical materials. Among them, 237 books were cited by Fang Zhida and 579 bibliographies were cited. Although this book is still a rigorous academic work, it is very suitable for readers of different levels because of its literary talent and personal feelings. In the reading of contemporary people, perhaps this is the best work.