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Spring Hope

Author: Du Fu

The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is full of spring vegetation1.

I am moved to tears by the flowers, and the birds are frightened by the hatred 2.

The war rages on for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand gold.

The white-headed scratches are shorter and the lust is overwhelming 4.

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[Appreciation]

The author Du Fu (712-770) was one of the greatest poets in the Tang Dynasty. The era he lived in was the period of transition from prosperity to decline of the Tang Dynasty. The Anshi Rebellion broke out in 755 AD. In the next year, after the poet Du Fu learned about the news that Tang Suzong had ascended the throne in Lingwu, he defected to Tang Suzong regardless of his own safety and wanted to do something more. As a result, he was detained in Chang'an by the Anlushan rebels. Spring has come again. The poet climbed up and looked into the distance. The mountains and rivers remained the same, but the country was torn apart, the people were displaced, and the city of Chang'an was in ruins. The poet was full of emotions and wrote this five-character poem "Spring Hope", which is about feeling sad about the times and feeling sorry for farewell, and worrying about the country and the people.

The whole article revolves around the word "wang". The first four sentences use scenes to express emotions and combine scenes. The poet writes that the city of Chang'an is overgrown with vegetation and sparsely populated to set off the dilapidation of the country. At the beginning, "the country is broken and the mountains and rivers are here" is shocking, and there is a sense of historical vicissitudes of things changing and people changing. The two sentences "I feel the flowers splashing with tears when I feel sad, and the birds that hate others are frightened." The two sentences use objects to personify the flowers and birds. They feel the division of the country and the difficulties of the country, and the flowers and birds in Chang'an shed tears and are frightened. The poet looks from afar to a focused perspective, from far to near, and his emotions from weak to strong. In this cross-conversion of emotions and scenery, the poet's sighs, worries and indignation are implicitly conveyed. The country is in turmoil, wars have been going on for years, people are separated from their wives, and there is no communication. It is especially valuable to receive letters from home at this time. The poet reflects from the side the great pain that the war has brought to the people and the people's eagerness to know whether their relatives are safe or not during the turmoil. At the same time, it is also difficult to obtain family letters to express the poet's deep concern for the country. The last two sentences describe the poet's increasingly sparse white hair, which cannot even be inserted into a hairpin, and describe the depth and breadth of the poet's sorrow and anger through movements. The whole poem is full of scenes, deep emotions, subtle and concise, with concise words and many meanings, which fully reflects the poet's "melancholy" artistic style.

About the author

Du Fu (712-770 AD), also known as Zimei, is one of the most famous poets in the Tang Dynasty. Together with Li Bai, he is known as "Li Du". His poetry styles are diverse, but mainly melancholy. He is best at ancient poetry and rhythmic poetry.

A brief explanation of the words

Explanation: This poem expresses the poet's deep feelings of patriotism and family. It is a well-known poem in Tang poetry and has been passed down through the ages. Spring Hope: What you see in spring. The country was broken: refers to the Anshi rebellion that captured Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. Shocking: The mind is shocked. Beacon fire: warning signal in war. Letters from home: letters from home. White hair: white hair on the head. Hun: Absolutely. Invincible: Can't stand it. Hairpin: Hairpin, used by ancient people to tie hair or for decoration.

The whole poem is told in series

The capital of the country is broken, but the mountains and rivers remain unchanged. The spring scenery of the city is full of trees and deep grass.

The flowers will shed tears when they are sentimental about the current situation; the birds will be frightened when they are sad about separation.

Spring has arrived in March, but the war is still going on; news is blocked, and family letters are worth tens of thousands of dollars.

When I scratch my head in worry, my white hair gets shorter and shorter. They are sparse and sparse, and the hairpins are hard to pin.

The implication

In June 756 AD, the rebels captured Chang'an, and Suzong ascended the throne in Lingwu. Du Fu defected to Suzong alone, but was captured by the rebels on the way and taken to Chang'an. However, he was not imprisoned because of his humble official position. He wrote this poem in March of the following year.

What did Chunwang see? The great rivers and mountains have not changed, but the country has been destroyed and families have been separated. The capital city is in ruins, the ground is littered with grass, and the trees are empty and desolate. The first couplet expresses feelings about objects and scenery, with twists and turns of poetry, skillful and natural craftsmanship, and extraordinary approach.

The second couplet further places the emotions of regretting farewell and crying and frightening on the originally joyful flowers and birds, which further shows the intensity of the emotions in the author's heart. The war lasted until March of the following year, causing communication and news to be cut off. Everyone can understand this love, so "a letter from home is worth ten thousand gold" can easily arouse the excitement of readers, so it has become a famous saying through the ages and has been passed down to this day. When my heart is depressed, I scratch my head frequently, and even my hair is sparse, my new hair is short and shallow, and even my hairpin can hardly be pinned, which shows the depth and depth of my sorrow. In addition to the hatred of family and country, we also see the decline of gray hair and the approach of old age, which adds a layer of sadness at the end of life.

Among the poems left by Du Fu, many are highly praised and recited by later generations, which are sentimental and sad, especially those famous poems that express the author's benevolence and sincerity. Benevolence and true feelings are always the source of excellent poetry, and they are also the two elements used by history to create sages and wise men.

[Translated Poetry] Chang'an fell and the country was broken. Only the mountains and rivers remained. When spring came, the city was empty and sparsely populated, and the vegetation was lush and deep. Sentimental state affairs, in the face of the blooming flowers, can't help but burst into tears. The separation of relatives and the chirping of birds are frightening, which in turn increases the hatred of separation. Since the beginning of spring, wars have been raging frequently, and it has spread for three months. News about my family in Jizhou is rare, and one letter is worth ten thousand dollars. I scratched my head with sadness and thought. The more I scratched my head, the shorter my white hair became. The hair fell out so short and sparse that it was impossible to insert a hairpin.

[Explanation] In July of the fifteenth year of Tianbao (756), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the Anshi rebels captured Chang'an. Suzong ascended the throne in Lingwu and changed Yuan Dynasty to De. On his way to Lingwu, Du Fu was captured by the rebels and brought to Chang'an. He wrote this poem the following year (the second year of Germany). The poet witnessed the fall of Chang'an's flutes after the fall, and felt homesick after experiencing adversity. The first and second couplets of the poem describe the devastation of the Spring City, full of sighs; the third and fourth couplets describe the situation of missing relatives, full of feelings of separation. The whole poem is calm and subtle, sincere and natural, reflecting the poet's love for the motherland and his feelings for his family. Modern scholars such as Xu Yingpei and Zhou Rongquan commented on this poem: "The meaning is thorough but straight, the scenes are comprehensive but not dissociated, the emotions are strong but not superficial, the content is rich but not complicated, the rhythm is rigorous but not rigid." This comment is quite interesting. For appropriateness. "A letter from home is worth ten thousand dollars" is also a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages.