the original text
there is no sooner or later to learn, but I am afraid that I will always follow it. There are two people today, and both of them have a hundred miles of comfort. One person crows and drives, the horse is barren and the car is empty, and the rest is counted, so the power of the poor day may not come. One person drives in the middle of the day, and Ma Liang drives (1), and it goes on and on, and I know it will precede the crow. Therefore, the husband, the chariot and the horse are also qualitative; If you quit school, you will be diligent.
① run: (chariots, horses, etc.) run at full speed. ② Quality: instruments of torture. This refers to tools.
Translation
There is no distinction between learning in the morning and learning in the evening, and I am afraid that I will be diligent at the beginning and casual at the end. Now there are two people, both of whom have a hundred miles to go. A person starts when the cock crows, but the horse's thin car is broken, and he has rested several times on the way. Even if he tries his best all day, he may not be able to reach his destination. The other man started at noon, and his horse was fast, and he didn't rest during the journey. I knew he must have arrived at his destination earlier than the man who started at the crow. Because the quality of the car is different from that of the horse, if it is not good, even if it is diligent, it will be delayed.
Author-Zhang Xiaoxiang
Zhang Xiaoxiang (1132~117), a famous poet and calligrapher in the Southern Song Dynasty, was born in Wujiang, Liyang (now northeast of Anhui County). Shaoxing Jinshi. Because of the first court trial, he was above Sun Qinyu in Qin Gui, and wrote a letter for Yue Fei after he got the first place. Qin Gui instructed his henchmen to falsely accuse Zhang Xiaoxiang of rebellion, put his father and son in prison, and was released after Qin Gui's death. He has served as a school bookkeeper, as a surveyor, a householder, a right-hand calligrapher, a military counselor in the governor's office, a magistrate in Fuzhou, and a stay-at-home in Jiankang. The style of his words is heroic. Liu Zhou Ge Tou, written when Jiankang stayed in office, showed the desire to restore national unity, strongly condemned the Southern Song regime for stealing security, and Zhang Jun, the minister who argued against gold, was moved to walk out. There are "Collected Works of Jushi in Yuhu" and "Ci of the Song Dynasty", including 223 poems. Among them, the works that express patriotic thoughts and reflect social reality are the most outstanding achievements. For example, "Huanxisha Jingzhou Yuemaju first boarded the tower view" wrote "Wan Li Zhongyuan bonfire north", expressing the nostalgia for North China under the rule of Jin people; "Water Tune Song Tou and Pang Youfu" expresses the enthusiasm of the Northern Expedition against the enemy by "cutting the candle to see Wu Gou" and "swearing to flow". His masterpiece "The Song of Six States" and "Looking at the Long Huai" summarized the social situation in the past 2 years after the defeat of Fu Li in the first year of Shaoxing and Longxing, and expressed great indignation at the Southern Song Dynasty's policy of not trimming the border, not using talents, and pursuing humiliation and peace. The words wrote: "I heard that the old people in the Central Plains are always looking south and the jade is beautiful; When pedestrians come here, they are filled with loyalty and anger, and they have tears. " It is said that at that time, he gave this word to the left-behind seat of Jiankang. After reading it, Zhang Jun was deeply moved and walked away for it (Shuo Lan quoted the legacy of the ruling and opposition parties). In the Qing Dynasty, Chen Tingzhuo's "Bai Yuzhai Ci Hua" also said that this word was "dripping and full of ink, and it made people dance when reading it", which shows its great influence. In Zhang Xiaoxiang's ci poems, there are many works that express feelings for the scenery, such as Nian Nu Jiao Li Si and Shui Diao Ge Tou Pan Xiang River. Through the description of "evil storms everywhere" on the river and the mourning for Qu Yuan, he expressed his feelings of "wandering around the world" and being innocent. He often shows an open-minded and open-minded attitude towards life, which is obviously deeply influenced by Su Shi. For example, "The world is used to it now, and my heart is carefree everywhere" in Xijiangyue Dongting, and "The world is not a boat, so my heart is not afraid of gulls, lying and watching the rough waves and the sky floating" in Huanxisha, etc., which implies the author's grievances after being hit hard. Another example is Nian Nu Jiao Guo Dong Ting, which was written on the way home from Guilin after being deposed in 1166, the second year of the main road. Shang Kun described the scenery of Dongting Lake as "clear inside and outside", while Xia Kun expressed his noble mind that "the liver and lungs are all ice and snow", which was promoted by his predecessors as the most outstanding one in his ci works. This kind of ci-poetry has a broad realm and a bleak mood. Although it does not directly describe social reality, it shows the special color of that era.
It is said that Zhang Xiaoxiang's "let bygones be bygones, never written a manuscript, vigorous pen, and instant success. At first, if you don't pay attention to it, you will never find a word ..." The so-called "vigorous and vigorous" is also a poet's syntax. (Tang Heng's Preface to Zhang Ziwei's Elegance) Because it is written by virtue of * * *, the emotion is coherent, the enthusiasm is surging, the language is fluent and natural, and the previous poems can be integrated without carving traces. Charley said: "Yuhu's Ci is full of rhythm, full of syllables, vigorous and elegant, slow in meaning and sharp in language" (The Legacy of Tonggu Bookstore), which just summarizes the basic characteristics of Zhang Xiaoxiang's Ci. He wrote his lyrics with the intention of learning from Su Shi, and many critics thought that they were very similar. For example, Tang Heng said, "If you go to Qiu Chi (Su Shi) and follow his path, who is it?" (Preface of Zhang Ziwei's Elegance) Zhang Xiaoxiang's Ci inherited Su Shi and set a precedent for Xin Qiji's patriotic Ci school, which occupies a relatively important position in the history of Ci. 2. read the original text: there is no sooner or later to learn, but I am afraid to be diligent at the beginning. Today, there are two people, and there are hundreds of miles.
1 Explain the words added in the following sentence, and write an idiom according to the meaning of adding words in the sentence (3). (1) But I am afraid to be diligent at the beginning (with the addition): pass "lazy", Laziness (2) has a hundred miles of fitness (plus points): where to go (3) the horse is barren and the car is awkward (plus points): broken (4) it must be ahead of the crow (plus points): Bi, preposition 2 Translate the following sentences in modern Chinese (1) There is no sooner or later to learn, but I am afraid to start diligently: There is no order to learn. I'm just afraid that I'll be lazy after I start to work hard. (2) I know that he will arrive before the crow. (3) The sentence that shows the author's point of view is (in the original text): There is no sooner or later to learn, but I'm afraid that I will be diligent at the beginning. (4) What do you think after reading this article: diligent study, perseverance and success. (5) This article emphasizes the importance of "diligence", please write a few. 3. explanation of the classical Chinese "learning without sooner or later"
the original
learning without sooner or later, but I am afraid that I will always follow it. There are two people today, and both of them have a hundred miles of comfort. One person crows and drives, the horse is barren and the car is empty, and the rest is counted, so the power of the poor day may not come. One person drives in the middle of the day, and Ma Liang drives (1), and it goes on and on, and I know it will precede the crow. Therefore, the husband, the chariot and the horse are also qualitative; If you quit school, you will be diligent.
① run: (chariots, horses, etc.) run at full speed. ② Quality: instruments of torture. This refers to tools.
Translation
There is no distinction between learning in the morning and learning in the evening, and I am afraid that I will be diligent at the beginning and casual at the end. Now there are two people, both of whom have a hundred miles to go. A person starts when the cock crows, but the horse's thin car is broken, and he has rested several times on the way. Even if he tries his best all day, he may not be able to reach his destination. The other man started at noon, and his horse was fast, and he didn't rest during the journey. I knew he must have arrived at his destination earlier than the man who started at the crow. Because the quality of the car is different from that of the horse, if it is not good, even if it is diligent, it will be delayed. 4. Extracurricular reading of classical Chinese
Question 1: Casual, lazy to …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2) I know that he must arrive at his destination before the person who started at the crow. Question 3: industry is good at diligence, but it is barren at play.
Diligence can make up for an inch of time and an inch of gold. Comments: Translating classical Chinese sentences is a necessary question for reading classical Chinese. There are generally two ways to translate classical Chinese sentences, literal translation and free translation. Literal translation is often used in senior high school entrance examination.
literal translation pays attention to the implementation of each word, especially the meaning of key words must be presented. The translation of classical Chinese sentences must first know the meaning of classical Chinese words. Of course, it is also a good method to put them into context and infer them according to the context when translating classical Chinese sentences after class.
Question 3: Analysis of test questions: "Famous sentences about' diligence'" should be accumulated quite a lot at ordinary times. We should accumulate some examples and famous sayings in the textbook "Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Dongyang". If the industry is good at diligence, it is barren at play.
diligence is a good training, and one point of hard work is a point of talent. Every day when the cock crows, it is the best time for boys to read.
Comments: Chinese is a highly accumulative subject, and the usual accumulation may come in handy. Therefore, in our daily study and life, we should accumulate some idiom stories, famous sayings of celebrities, proverbs and two-part allegorical sayings, ancient poems and famous sentences, etc.
In this way, you can not only prepare for a rainy day during the exam, but also improve your interest in learning and your taste.