The Soviet-German Battle, that is, the Soviet-German battlefield in World War II, was an important part of the world anti-fascist war, and it was also the largest, fiercest and most deadly battlefield in World War II. Below I have compiled the knowledge related to the Soviet-German campaign in World War II for you, hoping it will be useful to you.

background of the Soviet-German campaign in World War II

Germany

On January 3, 1933, in central Europe, Austrian Adolf &; middot; Hitler served as Germany, and the German Nazi Party came to power. Although Hitler saved Germany, whose economy almost collapsed in the Great Depression, he also promoted dictatorship at home and suppressed the opposition party. Declare to break the shackles of Versailles and seize the "living space".

anschluss, March 11th, 1938.

On September 3th, 1938, Britain, France and Germany signed the Munich Treaty, and Germany occupied the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia.

in March 1939, Hitler tore up the Munich agreement and occupied the whole of Czechoslovakia without bloodshed.

On August 23rd, 1939, the Soviet Union and Germany signed the Treaty of Non-Aggression between the Soviet Union and Germany, which divided their spheres of influence in Eastern Europe. In fact, the Soviet Union has become Germany's accomplice.

on September 1st, 1939, Germany declared war on Poland, and World War II officially broke out.

On September 25th, 1939, after Germany conquered Poland, the Soviet Union and Germany divided Poland.

in April 194, Germany attacked France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg, and forced France to accept the peace treaty on June 22, 194, and Vichy France was established. After that, Germany lost in the "Sea Lion Project" and was forced to suspend its plan to conquer the British Isles.

On April 6th, 1941, Germany invaded Yugoslavia and Greece and conquered them. At this point, in Europe, except Britain, the allies have collapsed, and Germany has basically cleared the obstacles to conquering the Soviet Union.

Soviet Union

During the pre-war Soviet "great cleansing" movement, a large number of Soviet officers were arrested or even shot, which greatly weakened the military command ability of the Soviet Red Army in the early stage of the war. In the "agricultural collectivization" movement, there was a serious famine in the Soviet Union, especially in Ukraine, and a large number of Ukrainians starved to death, which led to a large number of rebellions in Ukraine. Ukraine became increasingly dissatisfied with Moscow and even hoped that the German army would "liberate" Ukraine.

After the signing of the Non-Aggression Pact between the Soviet Union and Germany, the Soviet Union became a servant of Germany in a relative sense, and like Germany, it began to carry out large-scale foreign aggression.

On September 25th, 1939, the Soviet Union divided Poland.

on November 3, 1939, the Soviet union invaded Finland, and won after paying a huge price, and won the Karelia region of Finland and the Turku military port.

in June 194, the Soviet union annexed the three Baltic countries. Almost at the same time, the Soviet Union annexed the Bissalabia region of Romania. This behavior directly led Finland and Romania to join the Axis countries, and caused the Baltic people to launch a wide-ranging anti-Soviet struggle. When the German army entered the Baltic countries, people lined the streets to welcome the Germans.

In the Far East, the Soviet Union and Japan are also in constant conflict, and the Zhanggufeng incident and Nomenkan incident occurred one after another. In order to reduce the pressure from the Far East, the Soviet Union quickly changed its previous hostile attitude towards the National Government of the Republic of China, and turned to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, who supported the National Government, and provided large-scale economic and military assistance to the National Government.

When the possibility of a war between China and Germany became more and more serious, the Soviet Union changed its strategy in the Far East greatly. On April 13th, 1941, the Soviet Union and Japan signed the Treaty of Neutrality between the Soviet Union and Japan. Instead of providing assistance to the Japanese Kuomintang government, the Soviet Union decided to adopt a neutral attitude in the Sino-Japanese war, and acknowledged the status quo of the puppet Manchukuo, hoping to bring the Soviet Red Army in the Far East back to the Soviet-German battlefield. However, after the signing of the Treaty of Neutrality between the Soviet Union and Japan, the Soviet Union still failed to transfer troops from the Far East, but did not transfer troops until the Soviet Union was convinced that Japan was ready to go south instead of north.

Britain

Britain was at war with Germany as early as September 1, 1939 when the Germans invaded Poland. After the defeat of France, Britain was even in danger of being invaded by Germany. In North Africa, due to the intervention of the German army, the British army was forced to retreat from the previously captured Italian colony in Libya. In the Balkans, Germany and Italy conquered Britain's ally Greece. Therefore, Britain's greatest enemy at this time is Germany. British nationals do not like the Soviet Union, but since the war broke out between the Soviet Union and Germany in 1941, the Soviet Union is no longer regarded as Britain's imaginary enemy, but Britain's ally against Germany.

United States

Before the Pacific War broke out, the United States always adhered to the Monroe Doctrine and insisted on not directly intervening in the wars that broke out in Europe. However, after the war broke out between Britain and Germany, the British Empire was tottering, and the United States could not tolerate the occupation of Europe by the Third Reich. Therefore, the United States has been giving British military assistance. After the outbreak of the Soviet-German war, the United States also began to give military assistance to the Soviet Union through Britain. It can be said that the British and American military assistance to the Soviet Union is a major reason why the Soviet Union can defeat the German army.

Japan

As early as 1938, Japan had a border conflict with the Soviet Union (Zhanggufeng incident), and in 1939, the Nomenkan incident occurred with the Soviet Union. The relationship between the two countries cannot but be tense. Therefore, the Soviet Union had to station a large number of troops in the Far East, and Japan also maintained a large-scale Kwantung Army. However, due to the increasing contradiction between Japan and the United States (the United States insists on keeping China's "open door", Japan must withdraw its troops from China and use the oil embargo to force Japan to submit), the Soviet Union is also afraid of Germany's growing strength, and both sides have no intention of maintaining such a huge force against each other in the Far East. Therefore, the Soviet Union and Japan signed the Treaty of Neutrality between the Soviet Union and Japan on April 13, 1941, and both sides decided to abide by each other's neutrality. At this point, there was no conflict between the Soviet Union and Japan until the August storm in 1945, and the Soviet Union transferred troops from the Far East to fight against the Germans. Japan transferred the Kwantung Army to conquer Southeast Asia. Due to Japan's passive cooperation, Germany was in a passive position in the Soviet battlefield.

Finland

On November 3th, 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Finland in order to force Finland to cede karelian isthmus and Hanke military port to the Soviet Union. After paying a heavy price, the Soviet Union won the war, and Finland was forced to cede karelian isthmus, Hanko and some islands. This war obviously angered Finland, which directly led Finland to fall to the German side in order to recover the land occupied by the Soviet Union in the Soviet-German War. However, Finland's backward direction is only partial. Finland just wants to recover its territory because it doesn't want to provoke the Soviet Union. Therefore, after recovering its lost land, it will no longer actively attack, but will sit on the mountain and watch the tigers fight. When Germany was inevitably defeated in the late war, the Finnish army also took military action to expel the German troops in Finland.

during the Soviet-German campaign in World War II

War broke out

At 3 am on June 22nd, 1941, German soldiers broke into the Soviet Union in three ways (see Barbarossa Plan for details). Before the war, the Soviet Union obtained information about the possible outbreak of war from many sources, but many of them were contradictory, and the information about the specific invasion time was very different, so that the Soviet government did not know the specific time of German invasion or even whether Germany would invade the Soviet Union. Only one day before the war, the Soviet high command knew the specific attack time of the Germans, but it was too late.

In just 1 days, the German army broke into the Soviet Union for 6 kilometers. On the first day of the battle, the Soviet Red Army lost 1,2 planes, 8 of which were blown up before taking off. Hitler raved about the destruction of the Soviet Union in three months.

the northern front was led by the German army William & middot; Riter & middot; Feng & middot; The northern army group under the command of Marshal Loeb is responsible for the attack. In two weeks, the Soviet Red Army retreated 45 kilometers and abandoned the entire Baltic coastal area. Twenty-four divisions of the Soviet Red Army were completely defeated, and 2 divisions lost 6% of their personnel and equipment. The German Northern Army Group soon arrived at the gates of Leningrad. The people of the three Baltic countries have long been strongly dissatisfied with the Soviet rule, so they launched riots against the Soviet regime when the Germans invaded, which further promoted the defeat of the Soviet Red Army.

The central front is the key area of German assault, and German fedor & middot; Feng & middot; Marshal Bok's Central Army Group attacked from the direction of Grodno and Brest Fortress, and completed the encirclement of the Soviet Western Military Region (that is, the Western Army) through a double-clamp offensive. Minsk, the capital of Belarus, fell, the Soviet Red Army retreated 35 kilometers, 3 divisions were annihilated, and 7 divisions lost more than 5% of their personnel. Subsequently, the German Central Army Group launched a second pincer attack in Smolensk. Because the Soviet Red Army effectively organized the defense, the German army made slow progress. However, after two months of the campaign, the Germans still completed the encirclement and annihilated 3, people of the Soviet Red Army.

On the southern front, the main purpose of the South Army Group of rundstedt, a German army, was to occupy the agricultural and industrial bases of the Soviet Union in Ukraine and obtain the Black Sea port as a supply station. Facing the Soviet Kiev Special Military Region (the Southwest Army) and Odessa Military Region (the South Army), the Southwest Army is the strongest military region in the Soviet Union. At the beginning of the war, because the Soviet Red Army had obvious advantages over the Germans in terms of strength and equipment, the Germans made the slowest progress in this direction. However, because the quality of the German army was far above that of the Soviet Red Army at this time, the German army still marched straight into the Dnieper River. Due to the heavy losses of the western army, the right-wing exposure of the southwest army did not shift in time.

On September 15th, 1941, the German central and southern army groups cooperated and fought in Kiev, surrounded by the main forces of the Soviet Southwest Army. Seventy divisions of the Soviet army fought a bloody battle for 1 days, and a few of the Soviet Red Army broke through, and more than 66, people were annihilated. Among them, 6, officers, including Kirponos, commander of the Southwest Army, and Tupikov, chief of staff, were killed in the breakout battle. Hitler called this panic attack "the biggest panic attack in history". But then, in the battle against Rostov, the Germans were defeated because the main forces were transferred to Moscow.

After the German army completed the siege of Leningrad, it was completely unable to occupy Leningrad. In order to stabilize the flank, the northern army group launched an attack on Tihewen, but it was defeated. Therefore, the Germans adopted blockade tactics against Leningrad. Because the Soviet Red Army quickly gained a great advantage in the confrontation with the German army, the German army had to take a passive defensive position on the northern front. At the same time, Finland did not attack Leningrad because it was unwilling to capture the Soviet area except karelian isthmus, which was cut by the Soviet Union in the winter war.

in order to prevent the Germans from getting supplies from the occupied areas, Stalin adopted the methods used in the civil war. On November 17th, 1941, Stalin ordered the Soviet Red Army to carry out scorched-earth war of resistance, using artillery and rockets, and dispatched the air force to destroy 4&; mdash; In residential areas 6 kilometers deep, teams were organized to set fire to villages and cities, and there were no Germans in these places. People were displaced, hundreds of thousands of people died, and the Soviet people suffered another disaster.

on September 3, 1941, the Germans concentrated about 1 million men in 74 divisions, supported by 1,7 tanks and 11, artillery pieces, and launched an offensive aimed at capturing Moscow, namely Typhoon Plan (Battle of Moscow). The first stage of the campaign ended with the complete victory of the Germans in annihilating more than 6, people of the Soviet Red Army in vyazma. Then the Germans quickly occupied the periphery of Moscow and destroyed several Soviet defense lines. In times of crisis, the Soviet Union carried out the largest industrial transfer plan in history, and transferred more than 1 million wagons of equipment and materials. At the same time, it transferred 25, elite reserves from Siberia, Central Asia and the Far East, reorganized the troops and defense lines of the Western Army with General zhukov as the core, organized a large number of women to build fortifications, and sent a large number of engineering detachments carrying explosives and mines to destroy the German logistics supply lines. At this time, the harsh winter in the Soviet Union has arrived, and the German combat troops and logistics supplies have been greatly limited. Because the German army is not prepared for the winter, a large number of soldiers have frozen to death and frostbite, and many weapons cannot be used. The Red Army of the Soviet Union fought to the death against the Germans, and many heroes and famous sayings emerged, such as "Although the Soviet Union is big, it is already in no way back, with Moscow behind it".

On November 7, 1941, when Germany was approaching Moscow, the Soviet Union still organized the Red Square military parade on time, which was one of the most famous military parades in history. After the parade, the troops under review went directly to the front.

On December 6th, 1941, the Soviet Union launched a counterattack, which broke through the German defense and repelled it for 2-3 kilometers. The battle of Moscow ended with the victory of the Soviet Union, and the German army lost more than 5, people and a lot of technical equipment. This was the first time that the arrogant Nazi Germany suffered heavy losses in World War II, and Hitler's madness of "destroying the Soviet Union in three months" was completely shattered. The situation in Moscow has been stabilized.

In the winter of 1941, the Soviet Red Army launched a winter offensive on various fronts. In the south, the Soviet Red Army crossed the Kerch Strait and landed in Crimea. In the north, the Soviet Red Army tried to break the siege of Leningrad and annihilate the Germans who surrounded Leningrad and recover Dimyansk. However, due to the poor training, hasty preparation and improper command of the Soviet Red Army, the offensive in these two directions ended in failure, and the Soviet Red Army suffered huge losses. [2]

In May 1942, the Soviet Union launched the first battle of Kharkov without adequate preparation, trying to recover Kharkov, but it was annihilated after being divided by the Germans. At the same time, manstein's German army swept through the Crimean Peninsula, conquered the fortress of Sevastopol, and the Red Army was completely defeated in the Kerch Battle. In the end, the winter offensive of the Soviet Red Army ended in failure.

turning point

After successfully repelling the winter offensive of the Soviet Red Army, the German army thought it was very difficult to occupy Moscow, so it changed its attack focus and launched an attack on the Caucasus of the Soviet Union instead. At the beginning of the attack, the Germans first annihilated more than 2, Soviet Red Army people in Kharkov, and quickly went south, sweeping the entire Caucasus. However, because the Soviet Red Army learned enough lessons from the previous year's rout, the Germans failed to annihilate the Soviet Red Army on a large scale in the Caucasus. Although the Soviet Red Army could not resist the attack of the German armored forces, it was able to preserve its strength.

subsequently, in order to cover the Germans in the south Caucasus (in order to obtain the oil in Baku oilfield), the Germans intended to occupy Stalingrad on the Volga River, and then launched a protracted general battle with the Soviet Red Army in Stalingrad (the Battle of Stalingrad). The Germans attacked Stalingrad before the battle began