Ancient and modern social customs are different, so are old and new political measures. If we want to govern the people with lenient and moderate policies in the era of drastic changes, it will be like riding a fierce horse without reins and whip, which will cause unwise harm. Now both Confucianism and Mohism praise the late king, saying that they love the world as much as their parents love their children. What can prove that the late king was like this? They said, "When Scott executed the criminal law, the monarch stopped playing music for it; After hearing the report that the criminal was executed, the monarch was so sad that he shed tears. " This is the old king they praised.

If we think that the relationship between monarch and minister can be like father and son, then the world will be well governed, and it follows that there will be no dispute between father and son. From the human nature, there is no feeling of loving children more than parents. However, everyone loves their children equally, but the family is not necessarily harmonious. Even if the monarch loves his subjects deeply, why can't there be turmoil in the world? What's more, the former king's love for the people will not exceed the love of parents for their children, and children may not always turn their backs on their parents, so why can they govern the people with benevolence?

Moreover, the execution of criminal law in accordance with the law and regulations, the monarch shed tears for it, just to show good, not to govern the country. Tears replaced torture, which is the kindness of the monarch; But punishment is needed. It's a national law. First of all, the late king wanted to enforce the law, and he wouldn't abolish the criminal law because of sympathy, so obviously he couldn't rule the country by virtue.

Original text:

Husband is different from the past and the present, and the new one is different. If you want to treat people in urgent need with lenient policies, you still can't control this horse. This is an unknown problem. Today, both Confucianism and Mohism say that the former king loved the world, but regarded the people as his parents. Why is it clear? Yue: "You don't take pleasure in Scott's execution; I cried when I heard the news of the death penalty. " This is the first king. If the husband regards the monarch and his subjects as father and son, he will rule them, and if he pushes them, he will speak, and the father and son will not be chaotic.

People's affection is not before their parents, but they all see love, which may not be cured. Although deeply loved, it is not chaotic. Now that you love the people, parents love their children, and children may not be chaotic. How do people treat them? The husband was executed by law, and the gentleman cried for it. This is to serve mankind, not to treat mankind. The husband cried and didn't want to be punished, so he was benevolent; However, for those who must be punished, so does the law. If you don't listen to Sheng Wang's crying, you will understand that benevolence can't be cured.

Notes on Han Fei Woods is an essay by Han Fei, a representative legalist at the end of the Warring States Period, which is selected from Han Feizi.

Extended data

The full text of Wu Zhu is nearly 4700 words, which is a further development of pre-Qin reasoning and can reflect the overall characteristics of Han Fei's articles. The author cites a large number of facts, points out the great differences between ancient and modern society in comparison, has sufficient arguments and sharp words, and deducts the facts to the point.

Han Feizi was compiled by later generations after Han Fei's death. According to the Records of Han Yi Wen, there are 55 pieces of Han Fei Zi, 20 volumes of Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi, and seven records of Ruan Xiaoxu cited by Zhang Shoujie's Historical Records Justice. The number of articles and volumes are consistent with this edition, which shows that this edition is not incomplete. Many folklore and fables in the works at that time also became the source of idioms and allusions.

Everything is Wrong is the representative work of Legalists, with a total of 20 volumes. The book consists of fifty-five independent essays, most of which are from Han Fei. Except for a few articles, the title of each article shows the main idea of the article.

The core of his theory is the combination of law, technique and potential based on absolute monarchy, and he upholds the evolutionary view of history, advocates extreme utilitarianism, thinks that people focus on interests, supplemented by benevolent education, and emphasizes the rule of law and employing people, which has had a great impact on the establishment of China's feudal social system after Qin and Han Dynasties.

This book is unique among the pre-Qin philosophers, with sharp thoughts, sharp words, strict logic and good use of fables. After sorting out his fables, he compiled them into various fables such as Inside and Outside the Storage, Talking about the Forest, Yu Lao and Ten Years.

Shi Zi, Han Fei stutters, is not good at talking and is good at writing books. As a result, in the Qin Dynasty, he was victimized by the slanderous remarks of Li Si and other classmates, was jailed and committed suicide by taking poison. Although Han Fei's eloquence is not good, his writing is turbulent. The language is concise and lively. When Han Fei was taciturn and assassinated by his classmates, he had more time and opportunities to observe the society coldly and sharply, and the taste was beyond the reach of outsiders.

Among the annotations of Everything is Wrong, there are Wang Xianshen's Collection of Everything is Wrong in Qing Dynasty, Liang Qixiong's Simple Explanation of Everything is Wrong and Chen Qiyou's Collection of Everything is Wrong. According to the "four series".

Baidu Encyclopedia-Hanfeizi Wuzhu