Due to inertia and little resistance in space, the Earth almost maintains its rotation and revolution at the original rate.

What is the driving force behind the earth's rotation and revolution?

The power of the earth's rotation

The author believes that "the earth is rotating" does not mean "the earth rotates on its own". Kant-Laplace's theory that the power of the earth's rotation comes from the interior of the earth The "nebula hypothesis" misleads earth science. The earth does not rotate for no reason, it has no internal power! The reason why the earth rotates once every 24 hours is because it is revolving around the sun at a speed of more than 100,000 kilometers per hour, and encounters the side thrust of the solar wind on the way, causing plasma westerly circulation at high altitudes. The westerly winds at high altitudes in turn push the westerly and directional westerly winds on the ground. The ocean currents flowing eastward push the earth to rotate from west to east. 1. The Earth is rotating ≠ The Earth is rotating on its own. What people call "the Earth's rotation" today is just describing the attitude of the Earth as it orbits the sun. It rotates once every 24 hours relative to its position relative to the sun; its position relative to the stars Generally speaking, it rotates once every 23 hours and 56 minutes. This is the basis of the current time scalar, the origin of the length of the solar day and sidereal day, and the reason why the earth has morning, day, dusk and night. The concept of "earth rotation" reveals the natural phenomenon that "the earth is rotating". ?Actually, Philolaus, Hesitas and others in ancient Greece have already proposed the conjecture of the earth's rotation. In the Chinese Warring States Period, the book "Zi Zi" has a discussion of "the sky is relaxed on the left and the earth is wide on the right". The confirmation of this natural phenomenon and its acceptance by people came after Copernicus proposed the heliocentric theory in 1543. However, why does the earth rotate? What is the reason for rotation? Where does the power for rotation come from? Why did you choose the current direction, attitude, and speed to rotate? These are problems that modern science has not yet solved. It does not require repeating the proven natural phenomenon of "the earth is rotating", but requires clarifying the reasons behind the phenomenon of the earth's rotation, the source of power and its constraints on the earth's rotation. "The earth rotates on its own" is already explaining the reason for the earth's rotation. What it wants to affirm is: the power of the earth's rotation lies in "itself", in the interior of the earth rather than outside, and in its own internal force rather than external force. To deny that "the earth rotates on its own" is not to deny the phenomenon that "the earth is rotating", but to deny that there is a driving force inside the earth to promote its own rotation, just like the driving force for the rotation of a water mill does not lie inside the grinding body. Therefore, "the earth is rotating" is not the same as "the earth is rotating on its own". They are two different concepts. If the two are equated, it will be a "misidentification". 2. "Mistaken waiting" has misled the branch of science. For centuries, people seem to be accustomed to attribute the phenomenon of "the earth's rotation" to the behavior of the earth itself, and have not become more aware of the difference between the two concepts. I have never carefully questioned the source of power of "the earth rotates on its own". Generations of people have boldly cultivated fields of branch sciences on the basis of "the earth rotates on its own." Among them, geomechanics, atmospheric dynamics, etc. combine the angular momentum, inertia, and Coriolis effects generated by the earth's rotation. etc., as its own source of force; astrophysics uses the principle of "the earth rotates on its own" to explain the movement of other planets and celestial bodies; philosophers have summarized based on this that "the driving force for the movement of things exists inside the things". Universal laws; some branches of science have used this principle to "satisfactorily" explain other natural phenomena. In such an atmosphere, if anyone tries to pry off the cornerstone of "the earth rotates on its own", it will inevitably trigger a series of chain earthquakes in a series of sub-disciplines, and the scientific community will rise up to attack it. The problem is that these branches of science, misled by "mistaken waiting", have reached a very difficult situation. For example, meteorology has always believed that winds produce zonal circulation due to the "earth's own rotation". However, Venus only rotates once every 243 days, but it has greater zonal winds than the earth. What's the explanation? According to geomechanics, mountains are formed when the earth's crust cannot keep up with the speed of "the Earth's own rotation" and slides and squeezes westward. So Venus hardly rotates on its own. How did the two huge mountain systems and the Grand Canyon on its surface come about? Also, if I give you an Earth and put it on the same orbit in space, will it rotate? The question of whether the earth rotates on its own or not has been pointedly brought to the forefront of modern science and cannot be avoided. 3. The fictional "Nebula Theory" Science did not make mistakes. The reason why the conclusion is inconsistent with the facts is that it was misled by the Kant-Laplace Nebula Theory. Since Copernicus confirmed the phenomenon that the earth is rotating, people have begun to explore the causes of the earth's rotation. Newtonian mechanics 300 years ago accurately described the earth's rotation and its precession, but Newton did not discuss the source of power for the earth's rotation from a physical perspective, but simply attributed it to God's "first push" . In 1755, Kant invented a kind of "primordial nebula" in his book "History of the Development of the Universe - An Essay on the Structure of the Entire Universe and Its Mechanical Origins Based on Newton's Theorems". The earth was born from the gravitational contraction of this nebula. It retains the rotational inertia generated during contraction, and will forever rotate according to Newton's law of inertia. The power of "the earth's own rotation" is inherent when the earth was formed. The reason for the earth's rotation is the gravity of the earth's material itself. The source of force is Inside the Earth, the angular velocity of rotation of the core should be greater than that of the crust.

?As Laplace mathematicalized this set of fictitious hypotheses, the Kant-Laplace Nebula theory was born. "The Earth rotates on its own" was recognized as the cause of the "Earth is rotating" phenomenon, and became the victory over God's push theory. powerful weapon. Of course, Jones-Gefellis's collision tidal theory, Schmitt's capture theory, Bennady's new catastrophe theory, etc. have put forward different views and derivation on the original source of the earth's rotational inertia, but when it comes to the origin of the earth's rotation, The issue of the source of force is no different from Kant, that is, there is always some primitive rotational inertia inside the earth. The inference process of these hypotheses has the same characteristic, that is, the first premise is fictional and has no evidence from observation and experiment. Science cannot be based on hypotheses that cannot be experimentally verified. The Kant-Laplace Nebula hypothesis is unreliable and cannot be used as the basis for scientific arguments. Moreover, the primordial nebula invented by Kant did not exist at all. If there were primitive nebulae 5 billion years ago, there would be no starlight coming from 5 billion light years away because the nebula does not emit light. Now that there is starlight coming from it, it means there is no nebula there. In the same way, 5 billion years later, when humans there saw the starlight of our sun, they also said that our place was once a primitive nebula. Do you believe it? 4. The earth does not rotate for no reason, so I will give you an earth and put it on Will it rotate on the same track? Maybe you think that if you don't give it a rotational inertia in advance, it won't rotate. Then you are wrong, and you are repeating the ideas from the early days of the space era. ?In the 1960s, the former Soviet Union and the United States launched artificial satellites into space to detect solar radiation, allowing the lens to be fixedly pointed at the sun and orbiting the sun. However, unexpectedly, the satellite rolled randomly in space and the lens panned this way and that. There was no way to take pictures of the sun. There is no Kantian gravitational contraction inside the satellite, and there is no predetermined rotational inertia. Why does the satellite rotate for no reason? ?Failure after failure has made scientists doubt the traditional concept of space. In addition to gravity and magnetism, there must be a third force in space. Otherwise, objects in space, including the earth, will not rotate on their own for no reason. 5. The third force in space In the 1970s, space exploration discovered that the sun was blowing "wind"! That is, the flow of plasma particles on the surface of the sun is blowing in all directions. The measured average wind speed near the Earth's orbit is about 450 kilometers/second, sometimes reaching 770 kilometers/second. The vast majority of the particle flow is hydrogen nuclei, followed by helium nuclei and a small amount of nuclei of other elements. ?These streams of charged particles roar through the earth's orbit, giving a certain impetus to all obstacles that block their progress. They blow the space probe left and right, and blow the comet's gas and dust out of the comet's head, forming thousands of The 10,000-kilometer-long coma deforms the Earth's magnetosphere. The windward side is squeezed within a radius of about 80,000 kilometers, while the windward side extends to more than 2 million kilometers away. The Earth's magnetosphere is actually a circle of plasma particles captured by the Earth's magnetic field. Due to its shielding effect, the high-speed solar wind proton flow stops at its outer edge, forming a so-called "shock wave." The force of each hydrogen nucleus in the solar wind hitting the Earth's plasma sphere can be obtained from Newton's second law of motion. F=ma The mass m of a hydrogen nucleus is 1?.67×10?-27?kg, a is its acceleration, a=(v-v?0)/t, for example, after this hydrogen nucleus hits the earth's plasma layer , its speed v changes from 460 kilometers/second to 0 in 1 second, then a is 460000 meters/second?2. From this, we know that the force of this hydrogen nucleus acting on the earth's plasma sphere is 7?68×10 ?-22? Newton. ?The radius of the Earth's plasmasphere (magnetosphere) is about 310,000 kilometers, and its maximum cross-sectional area is about 3×10?21?cm?2. It is known that the density of the solar wind near the Earth's orbit contains about 5 hydrogen nuclei per cm?3, then The number of hydrogen nuclei that hit the Earth's plasma sphere every second will be 6?.9×10?29?. From this, the total thrust of the solar wind acting on the Earth's plasma sphere every second can be calculated as 5.? 300 million newtons. This force is equivalent to causing an object of 5.3 billion tons to gain an acceleration of 1 millimeter per second, and the mass of the entire Earth's plasma atmosphere does not exceed 6,000 tons. Therefore, the plasma atmosphere on the sunward side is completely controlled by the solar wind. Because plasma floats above the Earth's atmosphere, and the atmosphere is the carrier of plasma, the pressure exerted by the solar wind on the plasma sphere must be transmitted downward, causing corresponding deformation of the atmosphere. ?According to meteorological measurements of the earth's atmosphere, the total weight of the earth's atmosphere is about 5,300 trillion tons, and the atmosphere on the far side of the sun is usually 1/10 thicker than the atmosphere on the sunward side. In other words, the atmosphere on the far side is 530 trillion tons heavier than the atmosphere on the sunward side. Considering that the atmosphere at high altitude is very thin, it is assumed that its atmospheric density is only one millionth of that at low altitude, that is, the atmosphere on the far side is only 5.3 billion tons heavier than the atmosphere on the sunward side. If there is no external force in space, and the atmosphere should be evenly distributed on both sides of the earth's center of mass, then where does this 5.3 billion tons of external force come from? It is obviously the force of the solar wind, which is the result of the solar wind compressing the earth's plasma layer through charged particles and indirectly acting on the earth's atmosphere. Solar wind is the third force in space, pushing up the earth like an invisible giant hand. Of course, because the earth's mass is too large, it cannot push the earth out of its orbit, but it acts on one side of the earth permanently. It will inevitably affect the Earth's walking posture in space, and the Earth's rotation must be related to the solar wind.

An invisible load of 6.53 billion tons. If the earth is stationary in space, then no matter how strong the solar wind is, its pressures F?1 and F?2 (as shown in Figure 1 - this machine cannot map the map) will act in a balanced manner. On both sides of the Earth's center of mass, it can push the Earth to the right along the X-axis, but it cannot push the Earth around. ?In fact, the earth does not stop in space, but revolves around the sun at a high speed of 100,000 kilometers per hour. For a moving celestial body, the situation is different. The pressure of the solar wind is biased to the left of the Y-axis. This will inevitably produce a moment. Theoretically speaking, an object floating in space has no frictional resistance. As long as there is a moment of even 1 kilogram, it can turn the handle of a huge celestial body, because the external force of 1 kilogram has broken the celestial body's center of mass. balance.

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Since the particle movement direction of the solar wind particle flow is different from The angle of the earth's orbit is close to 90°, and it always acts on the sunward side. Therefore, it can be assumed that the resultant force of the solar wind acts at point C, and the pressure is 530 million tons, and the material at point C follows the Y direction from point O. When the axis advances at high speed, this lateral pressure becomes the frictional resistance of point C when it advances longitudinally, which is equivalent to the left hemisphere being wrapped by a gas brake shoe or adding an invisible load of 530 million tons, just like a balloon rolling on the water. The contact point between the ball skin and the water surface is the rolling friction point, which is equivalent to point C. Once a friction resistance appears near point C, the left hemisphere will slow down, and the right hemisphere without resistance will still move along at the original speed under the action of inertia. Y-axis motion. If the inertial force of the right hemisphere is concentrated at point A, the direction is the same as the Y-axis, the force F is exactly 530 million Newtons, and the moment arm r is half of the earth's equatorial radius, which is 3189 kilometers, the moment M at point A is given by The following formula can be obtained: M = r It causes the earth to move in a counterclockwise circular motion around point O on the earth's axis, that is, rotating from west to east when viewed from the North Pole. 7. The rotating plasma wind wheel counts the meteors on the summer night. Some people may ask where so many rocks are thrown into the earth's atmosphere. What about falling? In fact, in addition to countless stones, ice, sand, and dust, there are also a large number of free plasma air masses floating in space. People will feel the wind blowing on their faces when they are speeding on the road. , this head-on wind is caused by people walking forward, and is called "walking wind". When the earth "walks" in space at high speed, free air masses in space will also come towards us, producing the earth's walking wind, which is related to the earth's walking wind. The Y axis is parallel, but in opposite directions, perpendicular to the solar wind and acting on the earth at the same time.

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The walking wind forms a certain pressure on the outermost plasma gas sphere of the earth, pushing the atmosphere in area D towards The pressure in zone B causes the gas layer on the OD side to be thin and the gas layer on the OB side to be thick, that is, OB>OD. ?The solar wind creates greater pressure on the Earth's outermost atmosphere, pressing the atmosphere in area C toward area E, causing the air layer on the OC side to be thinner than the OE side, that is, OE>OC. ?Comparing the impact of these two winds on the Earth's plasma wind wheel, the wind speed of the solar wind is 450 kilometers/second, while the wind speed of the walking wind is only 29.8 kilometers/second. The wind speed of the walking wind is more than ten times smaller than the wind speed of the solar wind. In addition, the traveling wind only hits the Earth's outer atmosphere occasionally, locally, and in bursts, while the solar wind acts on the Earth permanently, comprehensively, and continuously. Therefore, the solar wind is the main force driving the Earth's wind wheel. Because the pressure of the solar wind is greater, it determines the movement of the earth's chakras. Because the area of ??atmospheric stress in the CD area is smaller than that in the CB area, the pressure exerted by the solar wind on the CB area is greater than that in the CD area. The force arms on both sides of the earth's center of mass are of different lengths, OB>OD, and the forces on both sides are unbalanced, so the earth's chakra tends to rotate counterclockwise. ?Since the plasma near point B is far away from the center of the earth and has small gravity, it is more likely to be blown to area A by the solar wind. Once the atmosphere in area CB is squeezed towards area BA, the atmosphere in area A will move towards area AE under the action of gravity. Movement, the atmospheric pressure in the OBAE area is greater than that in the ODE area, the atmosphere moves to the D area, the atmosphere in the DC section fills into the CB section, and the entire earth's wheel begins to rotate, becoming the plasma wind wheel of the earth. 8. The wind wheel wraps around the earth. Even if the solar wind has a pressure of 5.3 billion tons, it is less than one trillionth of the mass of the earth. It is obviously nonsense to directly use this force to explain the rotation of this huge rigid body of the earth. talk. The previous use of solar wind force as the external torque that twists the earth's handle is just a setting. In fact, solar wind force cannot directly act on the rigid body of the earth. It indirectly transmits force to the earth through wind wheels and water wheels, eventually causing the earth to rotate. ?As the height of the plasma layer decreases, the specific gravity of the plasma increases and the density of the atmosphere increases. At an altitude of 50 to 500 kilometers, there is basically a thin atmosphere at high altitudes. This thin atmosphere is the carrier of the plasma layer. The rotation of the plasma westerly wind wheel will inevitably stick to it and circulate in the same direction.

Actual measurements have proven that the thin atmosphere above 50 kilometers all has zonal circulation from west to east. It has become an important factor in calculating missile trajectories, namely the "high-altitude westerly factor". Its average wind speed is about 900 meters/second, but because the atmosphere is very thin, its wind is rapid and weak. The low-altitude atmosphere below 50 kilometers is the carrier of the thin atmosphere at high altitude, and the high-altitude westerly factor sticks the low-altitude atmosphere to create a global westerly circulation, thus starting the wind wheel of the entire earth. The wind force is transmitted from the outer ring to the inner ring, forming a westerly wind system that surrounds the entire earth. The earth is suspended in the rotating wind wheel, and the wind wheel wraps the earth and rotates with it from west to east, as shown in Figure 3. 70% of the earth's surface is ocean. The ocean is the earth's hydrosphere and the main carrier of the atmosphere. The westerly circulation of the atmosphere will inevitably blow the viscous ocean surface to circulate in the same direction. In fact, the ocean currents on the earth are all controlled by wind. For example, the circum-Antarctic westerly drift flows endlessly from west to east driven by the perennial westerly wind. If there were no land on the earth, then the sea water would be driven by the westerly wind system to create a global zonal circulation. ?As seawater flows eastward, it will of course stick to the seafloor and push the coast to rotate eastward. The Pacific westerly currents in the largest body of water on earth are pushing the Cordillera Mountains eastwards at all times, making the world's longest coastal mountain system the largest turning handle on the earth. In this way, the solar wind grasps the rotating handle of the rigid body of the earth through the wind wheel and water wheel, and the earth is pushed step by step to rotate from west to east.

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9. Earth’s rotational speed formula When the earth is started , after accelerating and rotating, if the speed is not controlled, it will inevitably break like a speeding flywheel. How is the rotation speed of the earth controlled now? Since the force source of the earth's rotation comes from the "two winds", while walking? The force of the wind depends on the speed of the earth's revolution, so the solar wind force and the speed of the earth's revolution around the sun determine the speed of the earth's rotation. In other words, the speed of the earth's rotation V is proportional to the product of the solar wind force F and the revolution speed U. < /p>

V＝F×U

If V>F?U, then it must be slowed down. If V

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Figure 4 illustrates, south and north mid-latitude areas The west wind and west current are greater than the geostrophic linear speed. The west wind and west current push the earth eastward, trying to accelerate the earth. The speed of the westerly wind and westerly current in the equatorial area is less than the geostrophic linear speed, becoming a "negative westerly". This is like a car traveling with the wind. When the speed exceeds the wind speed, the tailwind turns into a headwind. The easterly wind belt on the equatorial surface is transformed from the "negative westerly wind". The equatorial easterly currents in the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean are also transformed from the "negative westerly current". The equatorial easterly wind and equatorial easterly current push the earth westward, trying to make the earth westward. The earth slows down. If the earth is artificially accelerated, it will encounter greater resistance from equatorial easterly winds and equatorial easterly ocean currents. If the earth is made to rotate slower, it will encounter greater thrust from the two westerly belts in the north and south and their westerly ocean currents. The earth seeks balance between the two north-south thrusts and one equatorial pull, keeping the rotation speed within the combined force of "two pushes and one pull". The rotation speed of the earth is under the direct control of the wind wheel and water wheel. It cannot choose or change its own rotation speed at will. 10. "The Earth's Rotation Theory" The theory that solar wind drives the earth's rotation is completely based on observed evidence. It can perfectly explain the difficulties faced by the atmosphere, oceans, geology and other disciplines, and truly reflect the movement of the earth. state. ?However, Pluto does not rotate, Uranus rotates while sleeping, Venus rotates in reverse, and Mercury rotates slowly. How to explain these planetary rotation phenomena? Why does the earth revolve? How to control the revolution speed? ...If these problems are not solved, the driving force of the earth's rotation will still not be determined. Fortunately, the fruitful planetary exploration since the 1970s has accumulated a large amount of observational data to solve these problems. This data will prompt people to re-evaluate the hypothesis of the origin of contemporary planets. The next article will mention these issues one by one, which will eliminate any doubts we have about the principle of "solar wind causing the earth to rotate". This principle is now summarized as follows: The power of the earth's rotation comes from the outside. It is the combined force of the solar wind and the traveling wind that activates the earth's wind wheels and water wheels. The earth rotates from west to east under the direct drive of the wind wheels and water wheels. The earth cannot rotate on its own, and it cannot stop rotating. How it rotates, whether it rotates quickly or slowly, all depends on the vector and resultant force of the external circles. This is the real reason for the phenomenon of "the earth is rotating". To distinguish it from the theory that the earth rotates on its own, I simply call it the theory that the earth rotates when the wind blows.

Some readers may have the idea that soap bubbles blown in space will still rotate under the influence of the surrounding air flow. Can such a simple principle be called "the great secret of the earth"? I understand such readers very well, because the author has also Have you ever had a similar idea, but so many great scientists around the world have never even thought about this? The fact is regrettable. They did not ask such a question, and they did not tell us exactly the source of power for the earth's rotation. No matter how many international or domestic academic conferences on geodynamics you attend, in addition to hearing old tunes similar to Kant's, you will also hear the calculations of American Munk (author of "The Rotation of the Earth").

If the power of the earth's rotation comes from the interior, then the rotation speed of the earth's core must be greater than that of the mantle, crust, hydrosphere and atmosphere

But no one tells us who first wound up the earth's core. Moreover, breakthroughs in major theoretical topics such as atmospheric circulation, ocean current movement, geomechanics, and magma flow

direction all depend on the fundamental solution of the source of the power of the earth's rotation. Therefore, I refer to "the wind blows and the earth rotates"

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