From the junior middle school Chinese "Doubt and Learning".
This text is a good example for students to feel the rigor of argumentative writing. It is a classic essay written by Gu Jiegang, a famous modern historian in China. The viewpoints are clear and profound, the reasoning is thorough, and the issues discussed are targeted and universal, which has far-reaching practical significance so far. Firstly, with the help of Cheng Yi and Zhang Zai's famous sayings, this paper puts forward the view that academic research must be skeptical.
Then explain the reason of this argument, explain how to study and study with the spirit of doubt, sum up the sub-argument that "doubt is a necessary step to distinguish truth from falsehood on the negative side", and put forward another sub-argument in the last paragraph that "doubt is also a basic condition to establish new theories and inspire new inventions on the positive side".
The structure is complete and rigorous, and the arguments are advanced layer by layer. The arguments are well-founded and persuasive, which is of great inspiration to readers.
Extended data:
Excerpts from Doubt and Learning;
"Scholars must be suspicious first." -Cheng Yi
"In suspicious and not suspicious, never learn; Knowledge is in doubt. " -Zhang Zai
Learning is based on facts and evidence. There are two sources of facts and basis: one is what I saw with my own eyes, and the other is what I heard from others.
For example, when the country is in danger, there must be a lot of oral news from all over the country, no matter how dangerous, it is the legend of others and not necessarily reliable; To understand the actual situation, only by yourself. The same is true of learning, the most important and reliable material is the factual basis that I have seen with my own eyes; But sometimes such evidence can't be seen with your own eyes, and you can only rely on other people's legends.