Literary works: 1. Sun Li's "Luhuadang" and "Lotus Lake"
"Luhuadang" mainly tells the story of an old hero. The story happened during the Anti-Japanese War. An old man held a small boat and passed through the enemy's night blockade countless times in Baiyangdian, transporting grain and grass for the guerrillas and escorting cadres. He didn't carry a gun, relying only on his dexterous pole and swimming ability like a water duck to shuttle through thousands of acres of reed ponds without ever having an accident. Thanks to him, the guerrillas maintained transportation connections inside and outside Dian. . But one time when he was escorting two girls across the blockade at night, they ran into an enemy's small steamer, and one girl was injured. This blow almost caused him to lose the strength to move forward; but he vowed to avenge the girl. The next day, he outsmarted his enemies alone, picked them off one by one, and avenged the girl. This novel is quite legendary, with vivid characters and distinctive description of the environment. It is worth learning from.
"Lotus Lake" wants to ask how many reed fields there are in Baiyangdian? have no idea. How many reeds are produced every year? have no idea. All I know is that every year when the reed flowers are flying and the reed leaves are turning yellow, all the reeds in the lake are harvested and piled up, forming a Great Wall of reeds in the square around Baiyangdian. The women were making mats in the courtyard. How many seats are arranged? In June, the lake is full and there are countless ships...
2. Leo Tolstoy's "War and Peace"
Content introduction:
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"War and Peace" has many characters, grand scenes, complex events, serious structure, and magnificent momentum. The writer describes his characters against a broad historical background and various living environments and atmospheres, sometimes in luxurious and elegant aristocratic salons, sometimes in smoke-filled battlefields; there are also lingering and pathos love stories between young men and women. , and there are horrific battle scenes. Tolstoy focuses on describing the complexity of characters and showing the development of characters from all aspects. Therefore, each of the hundreds of characters in the book is lifelike, unique and full of appeal.
"War and Peace" is a huge work, consisting of four volumes and nearly 1.2 million words. Based on the original work and with reference to the movie of the same name, the original book has been extracted and condensed into 100,000 words for young students to read. I believe that readers can appreciate some of the charm of this great work from this condensed juvenile version of "War and Peace".
Answer: Pearl Milk Tea’s Brother - Tongsheng Level 8-28 21:09
"War and Peace" is written by Lev. Tolstoy's masterpiece, which is more than 1.3 million words long, took 7 years of hard work and was highly praised by Lenin.
The novel takes the War for Europe that began in 1805 and the Russian Patriotic War in 1812 as its main lines, exposing the greed and despicability of the court dignitaries and bureaucratic aristocrats Vasily in Petersburg, the Russian capital. The work describes a time span of more than ten years and more than 500 characters. It praises the heroic qualities and strong character of the nation and reflects the life of all classes in an important historical period in Russia.
In July 1805, Napoleon led his troops to conquer Europe, and a fierce war was brewing between France and Russia. However, the upper class people in Petersburg still lived a quiet and leisurely life. The dignitaries gathered at the family banquet reception held by the empress's female officer and favorite Anna Pavlovna.
Attending the banquet were the high-ranking palace official Prince Vasily and his beautiful but misbehaving daughter Meilun, as well as a tall and strong young man named Pierre, who wore glasses and had short hair. Wear light-colored trendy shorts and a tan tuxedo. Pierre is the illegitimate son of the famous Moscow nobleman Bezhuhaof. He studied abroad since he was a child. He is 20 years old this year. After studying, he returned to the country to find a job in the capital. As soon as he entered the banquet hall, he was very interested in people talking about Napoleon's conquest of Europe. Here, he happily met the handsome and resolute young Andrei, the eldest son of Bolkonsky, the retired commander-in-chief of Emperor Paul, and the two soon became good friends.
At this time, Andrei was being called by General Kutuzov to serve as his herald and was about to go abroad to fight the Napoleonic army in Europe. His wife and sister Mary, who was about to give birth, repeatedly persuaded him not to give birth. Staying will not change his determination. He hopes to bring glory and glory to himself through this war. Before the expedition, Andrei sent his wife from the capital to her father who lived outside Moscow and entrusted his father to take care of her. So he rushed to the front line and caught up with the Russian commander-in-chief Kutuzov in Poland. The commander-in-chief sent him to serve in the joint column and received a commendation.
When Pierre returned to Moscow, he inherited all the inheritance from Count Bezhuhoff and became one of the leading capitalists in Moscow and the darling of the social world. His relative Vasili had long had a peek at the property of the Bezhuhauf family, and originally wanted to gain it by tampering with the will. After that failed, he deliberately tried to win over Peter, on the one hand to get him a big official position in Petersburg, and on the other hand to get him a big official position in Petersburg. She worked hard to arrange for her daughter Mei Lun, who was already a palace official, to marry Pierre in order to make money. In the end, his plan was successfully accomplished, but the marriage turned out to be extremely unfortunate.
Pierre discovered the ambiguous relationship between his wife and his good friend Dobhoff. He fought with Dobhoff and luckily knocked down the opponent. Then he separated from his wife and fell into the dilemma of good and evil, life and death. , after joining the Freemasonry, he was influenced by the philosophy of magnanimity and took back his wife.
When Andrei returns to the commander-in-chief again, the battle of Austerrich between the Russian and Austrian forces against France is about to begin. Because at the pre-war military meeting, the opinions of several veteran generals were overruled and a strategy of immediate attack was adopted, the result was a disastrous failure. Andrei was wounded and captured. He fell into a coma on the way and was mistakenly thought by the enemy that he would not survive. Kutuzov also thought that Andrei was killed in action and sent a letter to his father to report his death. But Andre recovered with the help of ordinary people. After recovering, he went straight to his hometown. That night, his wife Lisa gave birth to a baby boy, but she died during childbirth. In loneliness and despair, Andre gave his wife the last kiss. He felt that life was meaningless and decided to live in the territory forever.
Answer: Full of Faith - Manager Level 4 8-28 21:12
War and Peace Story Summary (Introduction)
This is a production A sophisticated, rigorously conceived blockbuster. The scene is magnificent and majestic. It inherits the tradition of the former Soviet Union in shooting historical films, perfectly integrates the spirit of Tolstoy's original work, and reproduces the vast historical picture of Russia during the Russo-French War. The film centers on the Russian Patriotic War of 1812 and reflects major events from 1805 to 1820, including the Battle of Austerlitz, the Battle of Borodino, the Great Fire of Moscow, and Napoleon's retreat. Through the description of the thoughts and actions of the four major families as well as Andrei, Pierre, and Natasha in war and peace environments, it shows the style of Russian society at that time. The American version, adapted from the Russian writer Tolstoy's masterpiece, is not as artistically accomplished as the Soviet version, but the bright stars and Hollywood-style narrative techniques make the local audience more accepting of this 208-minute popular drama. The elegant Audrey. Hepburn plays Natasha and the gentle Henry. Fonda is a good choice to play Pierre, and the love story between them has become the focus of the plot. But other actors, such as the Eight-Power Allied Forces, could not faithfully reproduce the turbulent story of the great era when Napoleon sent his army to attack Russia. Director Kim. Vidor obviously greatly simplified the plot and connotation of the original work, but the war scenes were still shot quite seriously and impressively.
Idiom: The Battle of Julu in 206 BC, when Xiang Yu defeated Zhang Han. This war has two meanings: first, the main force of the Qin army was eliminated, and the peasant army gained the initiative in the war; second, Xiang Yu became the commander-in-chief of the coalition forces from a general, and the war began to gradually transform from the battle to destroy Qin to the Chu-Han war. .
The idiom "Strong walls and clear fields" comes from "The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms·Book of Wei·The Biography of Xun Jue (yù)".
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, after Cao Cao suppressed the Yellow Turban Army and occupied the Yanzhou area, he ambitiously prepared to capture the important area of ??Xuzhou.
At that time, there was a man named Xun Jue in Yingyang, Yingchuan (now Xuchang, Henan). He was a very talented man. He moved to Jizhou to avoid Dong Zhuo's rebellion, and was treated as an honored guest by Yuan Shao. He saw that Yuan Shao could not achieve great things, so he defected to Cao Cao's sect. Cao Cao was overjoyed and appointed him Sima. From then on, he followed Cao Cao in his southern and northern campaigns, making suggestions and winning Cao Cao's trust.
In 194 AD, Xuzhou Mu Tao Qian died of illness and gave Xuzhou to Liu Bei before his death. When the news came, Cao Cao could no longer hold back his desire to seize Xuzhou, and was busy sending troops to Xuzhou. Xun Jue understood Cao Cao's thoughts and said: "Back then, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty secured Guanzhong and Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu occupied Hanoi. They both had a solid base. They could advance enough to defeat the enemy and retreat enough to defend it, so it became a great cause. Now the general regardless of Yanzhou goes to attack Xuzhou. If we leave too many troops in Yanzhou, it will not be enough to capture Xuzhou; if we leave too few, if Lu Bu takes advantage of the opportunity at this time, it will not be enough to defend Yanzhou. In the end, Yanzhou will be lost. Xuzhou has not taken it." He also pointed out, "It is the wheat harvest season now. I heard that Xuzhou has organized manpower to harvest the wheat outside the city and transport it into the city. This shows that they are ready. If the news comes, they will. The fortifications will be strengthened, all supplies will be transferred, and everything will be ready to attack us (the original text is: 'Now the east is harvesting wheat, the walls will be fortified and the fields will be cleared to wait for the general'). In this way, your troops and horses are really gone, and the city cannot be attacked. , Nothing can be obtained, and within ten days, your army will collapse without a fight."
Cao Cao was very impressed by Xun Jue's words, and concentrated his troops from then on, and quickly defeated Lu Bu. . Later, he defeated Liu Bei and occupied Xuzhou.
"Strengthening the wall and clearing the wilderness": Strengthening the wall means strengthening city walls and fortresses; clearing the wilderness means collecting food and property in the wild. Strengthen the fortifications and move all the residents and supplies from the surrounding areas so that the enemy can neither attack nor grab anything, so it cannot stand. This is a method of combat against a superior enemy.
The idiom "rising up" comes from "On the Passage of Qin" written by Jia Yi of the Western Han Dynasty. It talks about the peasant uprising led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang in the late Qin Dynasty.
In July 209 BC, the local official of Yangcheng (now southeast of Dengfeng, Henan Province) sent two officers to escort 900 poor and strong men to Yuyang (now Miyun County, Beijing City) Defend the frontier. The two officers then selected two strong men from among the strong men to serve as village chiefs, and asked them to manage the rest of the strong men.
One of the two village chiefs was named Chen Sheng (zishe), a farmhand; the other was named Wu Guang, a poor peasant. The two of them didn't know each other before, but now they meet together and share the same fate, and they soon become good friends.
Chen Sheng, Wu Guang and his party rushed north without daring to delay at all. Because according to the decree of the Qin Dynasty, if you miss the date, you will be beheaded. However, they had just walked for a few days before arriving at Daze Township (now southwest of Su County, Anhui Province). It was raining heavily, so they had to camp and wait for the weather to clear before leaving. The rain kept falling again, and seeing that the date was delayed, Chen Sheng discussed with Wu Guang and said: "Even if we leave and miss the date, we will die; if we escape and are caught by the government, we will die. Anyway, it is death, so it is not as good as everyone They rebelled together, overthrew Qin II, and eliminated harm to the people."
Wu Guang is also a wise man. He agreed with Chen Sheng's opinion and agreed to use the names of Prince Fusu, who was killed by Qin II, and Xiang Yan (Xiang Yu's grandfather), the former general of Chu who was deeply supported by the masses, to call on the world to attack Qin II. World.
So Chen Sheng and Wu Guang took a few of their henchmen and hacked the two officers to death, then held up their heads and explained to everyone that those who rebelled without justice would die in vain. All of these hundreds of people suddenly expressed their willingness to risk their lives to work with Chen Sheng and Wu Guang. Everyone cut down trees as weapons, held high bamboo poles as flags, swore an oath to heaven, and worked together to overthrow Qin II and avenge Chu general Xiang Yan. Everyone also publicly recommended Chen Sheng and Wu Guang as leaders, and Daze Township was immediately occupied. As soon as the farmers in Daze Township heard that Chen Sheng and Wu Guang had risen to resist the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty, young people came to the camp one after another with hoes, rakes, poles, and wooden sticks to join the army.
People simplify "cutting down trees to become soldiers, raising poles to become flags" into the idiom "raising poles to rise", which is a metaphor for holding high the flag of righteousness and rising up to resist. Mostly refers to people's uprising.
Chao Qin and Mu Chu
Pinyin: zhāo qín mù chǔ
Allusion: During the Warring States Period, the two great kingdoms of Qin and Chu were opposed to each other and often fought. For the sake of their own interests and security, some small princes and small countries sometimes leaned towards Qin and sometimes towards Chu. It is a metaphor for the capriciousness of people.
Source: Song Dynasty Chao Buzhi's "Ji Ri Ji Ji Beizhu Pavilion Fu": "The disciples are in all directions, and they are in the Qin Dynasty and the Chu Dynasty is late."
Example: Sigh~, Three years of dependence on Liu. (Published in the 29th edition of "The Peach Blossom Fan" by Kong Shangren of the Qing Dynasty)
Besieging Wei and rescuing Zhao In 353 BC, the State of Wei besieged the State of Zhao, and the State of Qi sent Tian Ji to lead his army to rescue Zhao. Tian Ji took advantage of Wei's emptiness and led troops to attack Wei. Wei's army returned to save his country. Qi's army took advantage of its exhaustion and defeated Wei's army, and Zhao's siege was relieved.
Surprise victory During the Warring States Period, Qi general Tian Dan used the fire ox formation to attack the Yan army, causing the Yan army to be defeated. This is what Sun Tzu said in the chapter on The Art of War: "Any warrior wins by surprise."
The war is in chaos
bīng huāng mǎ luàn Idiom allusion: Desolation, chaos: refers to the instability of social order. Describe the chaos and unrest in society during the war.
The source of the idiom: The fourth chapter of "Wutong Ye" by Anonymous of the Yuan Dynasty: "In that war and chaos, we will definitely be driven into captivity." Example: At this time, there was war and chaos everywhere, between Qin, Mu, and Chu, so I reluctantly made a "Old Tang Dynasty" "Book", there is still leisure and leisure to write this ink. "(Chapter 1 of Li Ruzhen's "Flowers in the Mirror" of the Qing Dynasty)
Meet each other with military force
bīng róng xiāng jiàn Idiom allusion: Bingrong: Weapon. To meet with force. Refers to the use of war. Solve the problem.
fēng huò lián nián Idiom allusion: beacon fire: a firework used to warn the border in ancient times. It refers to wars and wars.
< p> Source of the idiom: Dai Liang of the Yuan Dynasty, "Jiulingshanfangji·24·Climbing Dalao Mountain": "Looking back to the southeast, the beacon fire alarms have been heard year after year. ”无military
qióng bīng dú wǔ Idiom allusion: Qiong: exhaustion; 黻: casual, arbitrary. Use force at will and continuously launch aggressive wars. Describes extremely warlike.
Origin of the idiom: "Three Kingdoms·Book of Wu·Biography of Lu Kang": "I heard that the generals were interested in fame, resorted to military warfare, and spent tens of thousands of resources. The soldiers were exhausted and the invaders were not in decline. I saw that I was seriously ill. ”
Push on the Ge and sleep with the Armor
zhěn gē qǐn jiǎ Allusion to the idiom: Sleep with the Ge on the pillow and wearing armor. It describes often living in war.
Idiom Source: "Book of Jin·He Lian Bo Bo Zai Ji": "I have no talent to rectify the chaos, and I cannot help the common people. I have been sleeping in the enemy's arms for ten or two years, but the whole world has not been the same. The remaining bandit is Shang Chi. ”
Misfortune results in a company of soldiers
huò jié bīng lián Idiom allusion: Jie: connection; Bing: war; Lian: succession. War after war brings endless disasters.
The source of the idiom: "Book of Han·Biography of the Xiongnu": "Although he had the success of defeating the enemy, he was always rewarded, and the army continued to cause disaster for more than thirty years. "Example sentence: As soon as I went to my hometown, the news was gone, and the disaster caused a series of soldiers, and the charming phoenix and chick Luan had no faith to pass on. (Yuan·Anonymous's "Wutong Yu", the first chapter)
Turn hostility into friendship
huà gān gē wéi yù bó Idiom allusion: a metaphor for turning war into peace.
The source of the idiom: "Huainanzi·Yuan Dao Xun": "In the past, Xia Gun built a city of three ren, and the princes turned against it, and there were cunning intentions overseas. Yu knew that the world was rebelling, and he destroyed the city and the pond. , scattered wealth and property, burned armor and soldiers, showed them virtue, served overseas guests, accepted duties from all barbarians, united the princes in Tushan, held jade and silk, and held all nations."
Dragon Blood Xuanhuang
lóng xuě xuán huáng Idiom allusion: a metaphor for fierce war and rivers of blood.
Origin of the idiom: "Yi Kun": "When dragons fight in the wild, their blood is black and yellow."
Every tree and grass is a soldier
In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, King Fu Jian of Qin controlled Northern China. In 383 AD, Fu Jian led 900,000 infantry and cavalry to attack the Jin Dynasty in the south of the Yangtze River. Jin generals Xie Shi and Xie Xuan led 80,000 troops to resist. Fu Jian learned that the Jin army was short of troops, so he wanted to defeat the smaller ones with more numbers, seize the opportunity, and attack quickly.
Unexpectedly, Fu Jian's vanguard force of 250,000 was unexpectedly defeated by the Jin army in the Shouchun area, and suffered heavy losses. The general was killed and more than 10,000 soldiers were killed or injured. The Qin army's morale was greatly weakened and their morale was shaken. The soldiers were frightened and fled one after another. At this time, Fu Jian saw the Jin army's orderly ranks and high morale on Shouchun City. Looking north at Bagong Mountain, he saw that every plant and tree on the mountain looked like Jin soldiers. Fu Jian turned around and said to his younger brother: "What a powerful enemy this is! How can you say that the Jin army is insufficient in strength?" He regretted that he had underestimated the enemy too much.
The unlucky start cast an ominous shadow on Fu Jian's mind. He ordered his troops to deploy on the north bank of the Fei River in an attempt to use their geographical advantages to reverse the situation. At this time, Xie Xuan, the general of the Jin army, made a request for the Qin army to retreat slightly and make room for the battle across the river. Fu Jian secretly laughed at the Jin army's generals who did not understand common sense in combat, and wanted to take advantage of the Jin army's busy crossing the river and difficulty in fighting to launch a surprise attack, so he readily accepted the Jin army's request.
Unexpectedly, after the military order to retreat, the Qin army collapsed like a tide, while the Jin army took advantage of the situation and crossed the river to pursue it, killing the Qin army until they abandoned their helmets and armor, leaving corpses scattered all over the ground. Fu Jian was hit by an arrow and fled.
At the end of the Three Kingdoms period, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, Sima Yan, destroyed the Shu Kingdom and seized the power of the Wei Kingdom. After that, he prepared to send troops to attack Soochow and realize his desire to unify the whole of China. He summoned the civil and military ministers to discuss the plan of destruction. Most people believe that Wu State still has certain strength, and it may not be easy to destroy it in one fell swoop. It is better to make sufficient preparations.
General Du Yu disagreed with most people's views and wrote a memorial to Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty. Du Yu believed that it was necessary to destroy the Hao Kingdom while it was currently weak, otherwise it would be difficult to defeat it when it gained strength. Sima Yan read Du Yu's memorial and asked Zhang Hua, his most trusted minister, for advice. Zhang Hua agreed with Du Yu's analysis and advised Sima Yan to attack Wu quickly to avoid future troubles. So Sima Yan made up his mind and appointed Du Yu as the general to conquer the south. In 279 AD, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, Sima Yan, mobilized more than 200,000 soldiers and horses, divided into six groups to advance by land and water, and attacked the state of Wu. The war drums were beating all the way, the war flags were flying, and the warriors were mighty and majestic. The next year, Jiangling was captured, a general of Wu State was killed, and he led the army to pursue the victory. The Wu troops south of the Yuanjiang and Xiangjiang rivers were frightened when they heard the news, and opened their city gates one after another to surrender. Sima Yan ordered Du Yu to march towards Jianye, the capital of Wu State, from a small road. At this time, some people were worried that the water in the Yangtze River would surge, so it would be more advantageous to temporarily withdraw troops and wait until winter to attack. Du Yu firmly opposed retreating. He said: "Now, while the morale is high and the fighting spirit is strong, we will win one victory after another and be as powerful as breaking a bamboo (just like splitting a bamboo with a sharp knife, the bamboo will break after a few sections), and attack the state of Wu in one fell swoop." It won’t take much effort!” Under the leadership of Du Yu, the Jin army rushed straight to Jianye, the capital of Wu, and soon captured Jianye and destroyed the state of Wu. Emperor Wu of Jin unified the country.
In full swing
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, King Fucha of the Wu Kingdom successively conquered the Yue, Lu and Qi States. He was ambitious and continued to march to the northwest, intending to conquer the Jin State in one go.
But at this time, King Goujian of Yue took the King of Wu's retreat. He led the army to fight as far as Gusu (Suzhou), the capital of Wu State, and sent troops to occupy the Huaihe River, cutting off King Wu's retreat.
This news poured cold water on King Wu Fu Cha. He was very shocked and immediately summoned civil servants and generals to discuss countermeasures. Everyone said that if we go back now, we will lose the battle at both ends, and we will be beaten on both sides. If we can defeat Jin, we will become the overlord among the vassal states, and it will not be too late to go back and deal with King Gou Jian of Yue.
The big idea has been made, and the top priority is to conquer Jin as soon as possible. After careful consideration, he decided to win by surprise.
One evening, King Wu issued an order. All the soldiers in the army were well fed, and the horses had enough fodder. Thirty thousand elite soldiers and generals were selected from the entire army. Every ten thousand people are arranged into a square formation, and the *** is arranged into three square formations. Each square array contains a hundred people horizontally and vertically. At the head of each row is a military officer. Every ten rows, that is, one thousand people, is in charge of one doctor. Each phalanx is led by a general. The square formation in the middle has white helmets and armor, white clothes, white flags, and white bows and arrows, controlled by the King of Wu himself, and is called the Zhongjun; the square formation on the left has red helmets, red armor, red clothes, and red is simply unfathomable; The square array on the right is completely black. Set out in the middle of the night and arrived at a place only one mile away from the Jin army at dawn. The sky was just beginning to show its light, and Wu Jun's drums were beating loudly, and the cheers shook the construction site.
The Jin army woke up from their dreams and were stunned when they saw the three phalanxes and the majesty of the Wu army: the white phalanxes were "looking at them like full bloom" - like white flowers blooming The thatch grass; the red square array, "looks like fire" - like a blazing flame; and the black square array, is simply like an unfathomable sea.
In the Spring and Autumn Period of Sanshe, Duke Xian of Jin believed the slander and killed the prince Shen Sheng, and sent people to capture Shen Sheng's younger brother Chong'er. After hearing the news, Chong'er escaped from Jin and lived in exile for more than ten years.
After many hardships, Chong'er came to Chu. King Cheng of Chu thought that Chong'er would do great things in the future, so he welcomed him with the courtesy of a country and treated him like a distinguished guest.
One day, the King of Chu hosted a banquet for Chong'er. The two drank and talked, and the atmosphere was very harmonious. Suddenly the King of Chu asked Chong'er: "If you return to Jin one day and become the king, how will you repay me?" Chong'er thought for a moment and said: "My king, you have a lot of beauties, precious silks, rare bird feathers, ivory and animal skins. The land of Chu is rich in products. How can the Jin Kingdom offer any rare items to the king? "The king of Chu said: "You are too modest, but you should show me something, right?" Chong'er smiled and replied. : "With your blessing, I would like to be friendly with your country if I can return to power. If one day there is a war between Jin and Chu, I will definitely order the army to retreat three units (one unit is equal to thirty miles). If there is still a war, If I can't get your forgiveness, I will fight with you again."
Four years later, Chong'er really returned to Jin and became the king. He was the famous Duke Wen of Jin in history. The Jin State became increasingly powerful under his governance.
In 633 BC, the armies of Chu and Jin met in battle. In order to fulfill his promise, Duke Wen of Jin ordered the army to retreat ninety miles and stationed in Chengpu. When the Chu army saw the Jin army retreating, they thought the Jin army was afraid and immediately pursued it. The Jin army took advantage of the Chu army's weakness of being arrogant and underestimating the enemy, concentrated its forces, defeated the Chu army, and won the battle of Chengpu.
The story of one man holding the pass: "Historical Records" records: Liu Bang entered Xianyang in 207 BC and "guarded Hangu Pass until Xiang Yu arrived and was not allowed to enter." "The situation can be seen from this. In ancient times, there were several idiom stories related to Hangu Pass.
Besieging Wei and rescuing Zhao In 353 BC, the State of Wei besieged the State of Zhao, and the State of Qi sent Tian Ji to lead an army to rescue Zhao. Tian Ji took advantage of Wei's emptiness and led troops to attack Wei. Wei's army returned to save his country. Qi's army took advantage of its exhaustion and defeated Wei's army, and Zhao's siege was relieved.
Surprise victory During the Warring States Period, Qi general Tian Dan used the fire ox formation to attack the Yan army, causing the Yan army to be defeated. This is what Sun Tzu said in the chapter on The Art of War: "Any warrior wins by surprise."
Besieged on all sides
Xiang Yu and Liu Bang originally agreed to use the east and west sides of the divide (in the Jialu River in today's Rong County, Henan Province) as the Boundaries, non-infringement. Later, Liu Bang followed the advice of Zhang Liang and Chen Ping and felt that Xiang Yu should be eliminated while he was weak, so he joined forces with Han Xin, Peng Yue, and Liu Jia to pursue Xiang Yu's troops heading east to Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). Finally, several layers of troops were deployed and Xiang Yu was tightly surrounded by Gaixia (in the southeast of today's Lingbi County, Anhui). At this time, Xiang Yu had very few soldiers and no food. At night, he heard the troops surrounding him singing folk songs of Chu. He couldn't help but be very surprised and said: "Has Liu Bang already obtained Chu? Why are there so many Chu people in his army?" As he said this, he felt lost in his heart. After losing his fighting spirit, he got up from bed, drank wine in the tent, and sang with his favorite concubine Yu Ji. After singing, I burst into tears. The people nearby were also very sad and felt unable to lift their heads. After a while, Xiang Yu mounted his horse, took the remaining 800 cavalry, and broke out from the south to escape. He fought and fled, and then committed suicide by killing himself by the Wujiang River.
Retreat
In the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Xian of Jin believed the slander and killed the prince Shen Sheng, and sent people to capture Shen Sheng's younger brother Chong'er. After hearing the news, Chong'er escaped from Jin and lived in exile for more than ten years. Chong'er came to Chu State. King Cheng of Chu thought that Chong'er would do great things in the future, so he welcomed him with the courtesy of a country and treated him like a distinguished guest. One day, the King of Chu hosted a banquet for Chong'er. The two drank and talked in a very harmonious atmosphere. Suddenly the King of Chu asked Chong'er: "If you return to Jin one day and become the king, how will you repay me?" Chong'er thought for a moment and said: "My king, you have a lot of beauties, precious silks, rare bird feathers, ivory and animal skins. The land of Chu is rich in products. How can the Jin Kingdom offer any rare items to the king? "The king of Chu said: "You are too modest, but you should show me something, right?" Chong'er smiled and replied. : "With your blessing, I would like to be friendly with your country if I can return to power. If one day there is a war between Jin and Chu, I will definitely order the army to retreat three units (one unit is equal to thirty miles). If there is still a war, If I can't get your forgiveness, I will fight with you again."
Four years later, Chong'er really returned to Jin and became the king. He was the famous Duke Wen of Jin in history. The Jin State became increasingly powerful under his governance. In 633 BC, the armies of Chu and Jin met in battle. In order to fulfill his promise, Duke Wen of Jin ordered the army to retreat ninety miles and stationed in Chengpu. When the Chu army saw the Jin army retreating, they thought the enemy was afraid and immediately pursued them. The Jin army took advantage of the Chu army's weakness of being arrogant and underestimating the enemy, concentrated its forces, defeated the Chu army, and won the battle of Chengpu.
Corpse Wrapped in Horse Leather
The Eastern Han Dynasty returned to the army from the south with horse reinforcements. Many old friends welcomed him, and Meng Ji, who was known as a strategist, also congratulated him.
Ma Yuan said: "How come you are like ordinary people? The Xiongnu and Wuhuan are harassing the north. I want to invite them to attack. The man should die in the wilderness, and his body should be buried with horse leather. How can he die in bed among his children and his maidservants?" Where is it? "See "Book of the Later Han·Biography of Ma Yuan". Later, he died fighting for his country with "horse-leather shroud" and other references. "Xihu Mengxun·Yuewang Tomb" written by Zhang Zhang of the Qing Dynasty: "However, if you hate peace, the country will be weakened day by day. It is a shame that a man cannot repay his father by wrapping his body in horse leather!"
Invincible in battle: attack There is no battle that cannot be won. Described as extremely powerful and capable of defeating everything.
Source: Qing Dynasty Zhaoqi's "Xiaoting Sequel·Zhuan'an Monk": "The king of Wu has also arrived for the general's affairs. He has opened up territory for him and attacked the city. He has been invincible in the battle. He has been summoned in a few months. Count the Counties."
Victory in every battle: Victory in every battle. Describe being invincible.
Source: "Sun Tzu: Attacking": "A person who can win a hundred battles is not a good person."
Be in danger of a hundred battles: After many battles, there is no danger. Describes being good at using troops.
Source: "Sun Tzu: Planning for Attack": "He who knows his enemy and himself knows himself will never be defeated in a hundred battles."
Victory in consecutive battles: ①Winning battles one after another. ②Today it mostly refers to continuous good results in sports competitions or exams.
Repeated battles and defeats: repeated: many times. We fought many battles and failed many times.
Source: "Book of Jin·Huan Wen's Biography": "Yin Hao went to Luoyang to repair the garden tomb. After several years of work, he suffered repeated defeats and all the equipment was exhausted."
Quick victory and quick decision : End the battle with quick tactics. It also means completing a task quickly.
Source: Lao She's "Four Generations Under One Roof" May Day: "The war has been dragging on for more than a year, and there is no hope of a quick victory."
The bloody battle to the end: Bloody battle: a very fierce and desperate fight. Refers to a fierce battle to the last moment.
Source: Tang Dynasty Du Fu's poem "Send Off to Judge Li of Lingzhou": "The world is red in bloody battles, and the sun and moon are yellow in the atmosphere."
Use war to fight: Use war to eliminate war.
Source: "Book of Shang Jun·Hua Ce": "Therefore, it is necessary to fight with war, even if it is possible to fight."
Fight from the back of the city: Back: facing away. Fight to the death with the enemy under your own city. The final battle that determines life and death.
Source: "Zuo Zhuan: The Second Year of Chenggong": "Please collect the embers and turn your back to the city to borrow one."
A battle against the water: Back to the water: With your back to the water, it means there is no way out. It is a metaphor for fighting to the death with the enemy.
Source: "Historical Records·Biography of the Marquis of Huaiyin": "The letter sent ten thousand people to go ahead and go out with the water at their backs. The Zhao army laughed when they saw it."
Short-range combat: Short-range combat : Swords and other short weapons; followed by: fighting. Refers to close combat. A metaphor for a fierce fight face to face.
Source: "Three Kingdoms·Wei Zhi·Dian Wei Biography": "Wei was wounded by dozens of people, and the soldiers fought hand-to-hand, and the thieves attacked him."
Each one fights: each one Fight as independent units.
Source: "Historical Records of Xiang Yu": "If the king can fight with Han Xin from Fu Hai to the east of Chen; and to fight with Peng Yue from the north of Suiyang to Gucheng, if each of them fights, Chu will be easily defeated. . ”
Fight alone: ??Fight hard: fight with all your strength. The isolated and helpless army fought against the enemy alone. It also refers to a person or a group working hard to engage in a certain struggle without support or help.
Source: "Book of Wei·Biography of Zhao Xia": "Sizu led Peng Pei's troops to retreat at the formation, but Xia fought hard alone and broke the immortal pot alone." "Book of Sui·Biography of Yu Qingze": "From this Changru fought alone, and the number of dead was eighteen or ninety."
Fight to the death: Jue: to decide; die: to fight to the death. Fight to the death against the enemy.
Source: Chapter 33 of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" by Luo Guanzhong of the Ming Dynasty: "In the coming days, drive the common people to take the lead, followed by the army, and fight to the death with Cao Cao."
Ming Shame Teach war: Teach soldiers to fight, so that they know that retreat is a shame, so they can move forward bravely and kill the enemy to win.
Source: "Zuo Zhuan·The Twenty-Two Years of Duke Xi": "It is shameful to teach war and seek to kill the enemy."
War in the South and North: Describes the experience of fighting in the North and South fought many battles.
Source: "On Feudalism" by Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty: "After King Xuan, with the virtue of Zhongxing and restoration, and the power of the Southern Expedition and the Northern Expedition, the death cannot determine the heir of the Marquis of Lu."
Able to fight: Describes rich combat experience and good at fighting.
Source: Chapter 43 of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" by Luo Guanzhong of the Ming Dynasty: "A resourceful and resourceful man can conquer more than one or two thousand generals who are accustomed to fighting."
Cease the troops. Strike: rest, strike: stop. Stop or end war.
Source: Yuan Dynasty Kong Wenqing's "Dong Chuang Incident" wedge: "It's just a truce to stop fighting and return to the court. I secretly thought about it."
Fighting bloody: Describing tenacity Fighting to the death.
Source: Chapter 6 of Du Pengcheng's "Defending Yan'an": "During these fifteen days and fifteen nights, the soldiers either fought bloody battles or marched quickly."
Unjust wars in the Spring and Autumn Period: There was no just war in the Spring and Autumn Period. Also refers to unjust wars.
Source: "Mencius: Endeavor": "Mencius said: 'There are no righteous battles in the Spring and Autumn Period.'"
Be brave and good at fighting: brave and good at fighting.
Source: "Book of Southern Qi·Biography of Dai Sengjing": "The general Sun Tanguan of his party was brave and good at fighting. Every time he made a move, he frequently killed and wounded hundreds of officers and soldiers.
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