-"Book of Changes" 2. A gentleman lives in his room, and his words should be thousands of miles away. -"Book of Changes" 3, good enough to become famous; The accumulation of evil is not enough to destroy the body.
-I ching 4. A gentleman moves when he is good, and changes when he is good. -I ching 5. Kindness is like water.
-"Laozi" 6, good, I am good; I'm also good at the bad ones. Deshan.
-"Laozi" 7. Complain about morality, okay? -"Laozi" 8. Reward good people and punish bad people. -"Mozi" 9. Doing good is a good thing, and doing bad is a good thing.
-"Shangshu" 10, moral impermanence, good as a teacher; Goodness is impermanent, and it is in harmony with Yi Ke. -"Shangshu" 1 1, although Ji people are good, the days are insufficient.
-"Shangshu" 12, cultivate one's morality, practice writing, this is called doing good. -"The Book of Rites" 13, listening to knowledge and letting go, doing good without being lazy, is called a gentleman.
-"The Book of Rites" 14, those who are good are called people, those who are excessive are called themselves, and * * * is indisputable; Hello, just call someone; Too good, just call yourself; If you hold a grudge, you will be ruined. -"Book of Rites" 15, I will do what I do; I will correct those evil people.
-"Zuo Zhuan" 16, Confucius said: "Don't cultivate one's morality, don't talk about learning, don't move when listening to righteousness, and don't change if you are not good. It is my worry. " -"The Analects of Confucius" 17, Confucius said: "A threesome requires a teacher.
Choose the good and follow it, change the bad. "-The Analects of Confucius 18, Zhang Ziwen's way of being human.
Confucius said, "No practice, no entry." -The Analects of Confucius 19. The way of university lies in Mingde, among the people and in perfection.
-"University" 20. Those who are sincere choose good and stubborn. -The Doctrine of the Mean 2 1. Good people are also kind.
-"Guan Zhong" 22. Be kind to others and be kind to others. Therefore, a gentleman is nothing more than being kind to people.
-"Mencius" 23, Mencius is good in nature, and his words must be called "Yao and Shun". -"Mencius" 24, you say that people are not good, what will happen! -"Mencius" 25. Those who serve others in good faith fail to serve others.
Cultivate people with kindness, and then you can serve the world. If the world is not convinced, it will be king. -"Mencius" 26, the goodness of human nature, even if it is still water.
There is nothing wrong with people, and there is nothing wrong with water-"Mencius" 27. Yao is good and public is good, and public is not right.
-"Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" 28. Wang Houde who wins the good, many people who accumulate the good, and the sage of Phoenix Emperor. -"Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" 29. Look at the cloth, his friends are filial and pure, and so on.
His family will grow day by day, and his body will be brilliant day by day. The so-called lucky people are also. -"Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" 30. Accumulate goodness into virtue.
-"Xunzi" 3 1, see the sage Si Qi, and you will save yourself; When you see bad things, you must reflect on yourself when you are sad. -"Xunzi" 32, kind words with people are warmer than cloth; Hurtful words are deeper than spears and halberds.
-"Xunzi" 33, have the ability to be good, cultivate self-cultivation, accumulate courtesy and respect morality, and the people all stay at a respectful distance. -"Xunzi" 34, don't do evil, don't do good.
-Liu Bei 35, people are good, the virtues are insufficient, people are not good, and one virtue is insufficient. -(Song) Yang Wanli 36, hoe an evil, grow ten good.
-"Song History" 37. All evil should be done, and all good should be pursued. -old saying 38. Kindness, wanting to be seen by others, is not true kindness, but fear of being known by others is a great evil.
-"Zhu Jiaxun" 39. Zhu Dexiao comes first. -"Night Talk Around the Furnace" 40. Fathers and brothers do good deeds, but children don't learn.
Fathers and brothers do bad things, but children learn from them. -"Night Talk Around the Furnace" 4 1. Seeing people do good deeds, many parties agree.
Praise yourself when you meet people and remind them in many ways. This elder is also a way to treat others. Praised, encouraged, vilified and vigilant by others, this gentleman also contributed to his own cultivation.
-"Night Talk Around the Furnace" 42. Be kind, don't invite it in the name of kindness. -"Night Talk Around the Furnace" 43. The end of goodness is endless. As long as a word, everyone can do it.
-"Night Talk Around the Furnace" 44. Teach people to be good, not too high. -"Small Window" 45, can be kind, such as city people seeking profits, many a mickle makes a mickle, become a rich man.
-"Small Window" 46, extremely clean, only small and good; Little greed is a great evil. -"Small Window" 47. Of all the moral qualities, the kind nature is the most needed in the world.
-Russell 48, Russell's kind behavior has one advantage, that is, it makes people's souls noble and enables them to make better deeds. -Rousseau 49. The source of goodness is in your heart. If you dig it, it will come out.
-Julius is 50 years old. Kindness is a universal language, which can be felt by the blind and smelled by the deaf. Mark Twain.
2. The classical Chinese translated by Mr. Wang is from the biography of the later Han Dynasty.
When you are in the countryside, you can calm your heart. It has disputes and needs correct judgment, knowing the right and wrong, and retreating those who have no complaints. So I sighed, "It is better to punish Chen Jun than to lack him." At that time, the people were frugal, and thieves entered their rooms at night and stopped at the beams. Seeing her in the shade of the tree, she called her children and grandchildren from the whole stroke and said in a positive tone, "Madam, you should encourage yourself. Bad people are not necessarily evil, but they are used to sex, which is why they are like this. The gentleman on the beam is outrageous! " The thief was frightened and threw himself on the ground, complaining. Xu Pi said, "You don't look like a villain. You should be self-denying and anti-good. However, this is because of poverty. " I left two pieces of silk. Naturally, there are no thieves in one county.
Translation:
Chen Ya is in the country and treats things with a peaceful mind. When people were in court, Chen Ya decided to be fair and tell people the truth, and people didn't complain when they went back. Everyone lamented: "I would rather be punished than criticized by Ai Chen." At that time, the harvest was not good and the people had no harvest. The thief entered Chen Ya's house at night and hid on the beam. Chen Ya got up, tidied up his clothes, gathered his descendants, and solemnly warned them, "People have to encourage themselves. Unkind people are not necessarily bad in nature, and (bad) habits are often formed by (not paying attention to) character cultivation, so we have come to this step. The gentleman on the beam is such a person! " Frightened, the thief jumped from the beam to the ground, bowed to the ground and sincerely repented. Chen Ya told him slowly, "You don't look like a bad person. You should restrain yourself and return to the right path. However, your behavior is caused by poverty. " As a result, two silks were presented to the thief. Since then, there has been no theft in this county.
3. Gentleman is a common notional word in classical Chinese translation.
1. The floorboard of monarchs and nobles. Often used with "villain" or "savage".
Example: Poem Feng Wei Vatan: "He is a gentleman, he is not a vegetarian! 」
2. Generally speaking, it refers to people with outstanding talents and noble morality.
Ex.: Doing one thing: 93, a gentleman works all day. 」
The old lady calls her husband.
Example: Poem Zhao Nan Cao Chong: "Worry if you don't see a gentleman. 」
4. Refers to the gentleman army of Yue State in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Example: "Mandarin? Wu Yu: "(King Yue) took his private soldier 6,000 as the central army. 」
5. Respect for people. You Yan sir.
For example, in the volume "The King of Wu Attacks Pinghua", "Jiang Shang asked:' What's your name, sir?' 」
6. Good wine.
Example: The Classics (Volume 43) quotes Huangfusong's Drunken Hometown Sun and Moon in the Tang Dynasty: "Anyone who drinks alcohol ... is a gentleman who intoxicates people with glutinous rice at home. 」
7. Another name for bamboo.
Example: In the Song Dynasty's "The Resurrection of Lin Sunfu", it was written: "Occasionally, a thunderstorm is one foot deep, and you are a gentleman in the South Garden. 」
4. The translations of the classical Chinese "Gentleman is cautious" and "Good Life" entered Lan Zhi's room, and after a long time, they merged with it; Poor with human settlements, such as entering the abalone place, I have heard about it for a long time, and I am also in harmony with it. The pigment hides black. Therefore, a gentleman must be cautious.
Smelly, still use it. What Dan hides is red, and what he paints is black. Gentlemen should be careful where they are.
Assimilate, assimilate, and ... tend to agree.
Zhi, pronoun, not (abalone) in the previous article.
However, it cannot be explained separately. Together with the word "one", it is interpreted as: so; therefore
That man, ...
Therefore, being with virtuous people is like being bathed in a room full of fragrance when planting Lan Zhi. After a long time, I can't smell the fragrance, but it is already full of fragrance. Being with people with bad conduct is like going to a place selling abalone. After a long time, it will not stink, and it will also blend into the environment; The place where Dan was hidden turned red after a long time, and the place where pigment was hidden turned black after a long time, which was also caused by environmental impact! Therefore, a real gentleman must carefully choose his own environment.
5. The translation of China's classical way of being a gentleman is called Zi Chan. "There are four ways for a gentleman: respect for oneself, respect for things, support for the people with benefits, and the people with righteousness."
Confucius commented on Zi Chan and said, "He has four virtues as a gentleman: solemn behavior, respect for the monarch, benefiting the people and using it for the people."
We don't have to delve into whether Zi Chan has these four kinds of gentlemen's morality. I think Confucius is only here to expound his own standards of gentleman's moral cultivation by evaluating his own property. Judging from these four contents, it seems to be the standard for judging the ruling party, which may have been a relatively high requirement at that time, but according to today's standards, it is far from enough to only achieve these four points. In particular, the requirements of the monarch should be spurned, because the requirements of the times for today's rulers should first respect and serve the people, not just the superiors.
6. Be careful when translating classical Chinese.
"Cautious independence" is a self-cultivation method with China national characteristics created by ancient Confucianism in China. It was first seen in The Book of Rites, The Doctrine of the Mean: "Those who are Taoist cannot leave it for a moment, and those who are not Taoist can leave it. So a gentleman is wary of what he can't see, and fear is almost unheard of. If you don't see it, you don't show it, so the gentleman is cautious. " The meanings of "Tao" and "inseparable" emphasized here are the theoretical basis for the establishment of "cautious independence"
Traditional interpretation
This explanation is widely accepted by the society, and it is literally more acceptable to the world.
Zhu explained that "the so-called sincere person: does not deceive himself, such as bad smell, such as lust, is called self-modesty, so a gentleman must be careful to be alone" and said: "Being alone is a place where people don't know but only know." People who want to practice know that their goodness is to get rid of their evil, so they should use their own strength and not deceive themselves. If you make it evil, it stinks like evil, and if you are good, it is lewd. You must seek what you will get, so that you can be satisfied with yourself quickly and you can't become a martyr. However, it is not true, and it is covered up by people who are unknown to others and people who know it alone. Therefore, it is necessary to make a judgment here. "
"Cautious independence" means that when people live alone, they can consciously and strictly demand themselves, treat their thoughts and behaviors cautiously, prevent immoral desires and behaviors, and let morality always accompany the subject.
* * * made a more popular explanation for prudence and independence. When a person works independently without supervision, it is possible to do all kinds of bad things instead of doing bad things. Whether you can be "cautious and independent" and to what extent you can adhere to "cautious and independent" is an important yardstick to measure whether a person insists on self-cultivation and the size of self-cultivation achievements. As a method of self-cultivation, "cautious independence" not only played an important role in ancient moral practice, but also has important practical value for today's socialist moral construction.
A new explanation
This explanation is the opinion of some scholars who specialize in China's ancient philosophy and Confucianism. The so-called "cautious independence" or "cautious independence" means holding or firmly maintaining the moral nature and initial heart of the self. From the perspective of kung fu, "cautious independence" means facing your own body and mind and how to "govern your body with your heart"; Facing the outside world, how to maintain moral consciousness and not be influenced by external things. From a negative point of view, "cautious independence" is a process of preventing and restraining the emergence and appearance of "self-immorality"; From a positive point of view, "cautious independence" is a process of maintaining and guarding the moral nature of "self"
Qing people advocated that "prudence" should be interpreted as "sincerity", and correspondingly, some people interpreted "independence" as "style". For example, Chen said, "the doctrine of the mean, cautious and independent words, is called sincerity." (See Wang Xianqian's Xun Ji Zi Yan Jie, Zhonghua Book Company, 1997).
Independent explanation:
"On" in "Five Elements" explains the relationship between mourning system and inner sadness that "the son of a high and strict teacher" returned to his hometown and was sent to a distant field. The poem "Looking forward to tears like rain" says: "You can lose your feathers, and then you can feel sad. Words come true. Don't say if you make a mistake. If you don't die, you can be sad When a husband loses his life, he mourns while repairing his collar. What he says is nothing more than that. Yes, it is the so-called independence. If you are alone, you will give up your body. " In addition, there are also sayings of "giving one's life to be exclusive" and "giving one's life to be cautious, which is called independence". Clearly define "heart" as "independence" or "heart" as "independence".
"Xunzi meticulous" article: "A gentleman is not good at raising his heart with sincerity, and sincerity is not for things. Benevolence is the defense, righteousness is the change, and it is called Tiande. The sky is silent and people push up, the earth is silent and people push up, and people are silent at four points. ..... The husband is obedient and cautious about the only one. Good people are the way, and dishonest people are not alone. If they are not alone, they will be shapeless ... sincere people are also guarded by gentlemen, and the foundation of political affairs is also based on them. "
In Ming Confucianism, there are:
Liu: "The sages have said in a thousand words that the noumenon is hard, and it is always inseparable from the word' cautious independence'. This is the nature of destiny, and cautious independence is the best knowledge." (Book of Liu Ziquan, Volume 5, "What are the saints?" Prince Yangming)
"There is no ontology except independence, and there is no effort except caution." (The Book of Liu Ziquan, Volume 8, The Doctrine of the Mean)
"The power of prudence and independence can only be recognized everywhere if it is revealed to the true heart, so that everyone can shine and be in harmony with heaven and earth." (Liu Ziquan, Volume 6, Miscellaneous Interpretation of Syndrome)
Carefully explain:
Zuo Zhuan: "Keep One"
Zhou Shu: "Caution, morality is also cautious. Keep the end pure and solid. "
The "Three Virtues" in Shanghai's Bo Bamboo Slips: "A gentleman is great in virtue", "cautious in virtue" and "cautious and not lost in Tao"
The article "Smell of Success" says: "Be cautious and keep it, and those who belong to it will enter", and "Be cautious and ask yourself, and you will be smooth. ..... Therefore, a gentleman is cautious about six and often worships heaven. "
"Everything is animistic: Relieving the Old": "If you treat things outside your body today, don't mess with their spirits. True, cautious and solid. The virtue of self-cultivation is true. "
The way to be an official in Qin Bamboo Slips of Sleeping Tiger Land: "All the ways to be an official must be clean, prudent, firm, considerate and selfless."
From some of the above-mentioned use cases of caution, we can draw some important points: first, caution and defense are directly used, and caution can be interpreted as persistence (or concentration); Second, "prudence" is used together with "solidity" and "firmness", and "prudence" means firm maintenance; Third, according to the meaning of the sentence, "caution" can be interpreted as "keeping"; Fourth, "prudence" focuses on people's "heart" and "internality". According to these points, the prudence of "prudent independence" can be completely defined from the similar meanings of "keeping", "respecting", "respecting", "focusing", "holding" and "persisting", which should be the exact meaning of "prudent independence".