Bo Yi and Shu Qi
Boyi was the eldest son of Lord Guzhu in the late Shang Dynasty, and Shu Qi was the third son. Their surname was Mo Tai. At the beginning, Lord Guzhu wanted to take his second son Shuqi as his successor and his father's death, but Shuqi gave way to Boyi. Boyi thought he was disobeying his father's orders, so he fled, but Shuqi also refused to stand, so he also fled. Later, they heard that Xi Bochang was good at caring for the elderly, so they all returned home. When Xi Bo died, King Wu raised an army to attack Zhou. The two men knocked on their horses and remonstrated, saying: "If your father dies and you don't bury him, can you say that your love is filial? How can you say that your ministers kill the king? Can you call it benevolent?" King Wu's men wanted to use force. Jiang Taigong stopped him and said, "This is a righteous man" and helped him away. Later, after King Wu conquered the Shang Dynasty, the world was ruled by the Zhou Dynasty. However, Boyi and Shuqi were ashamed to eat Zhou millet and hid in Shouyang Mountain, collecting wild vegetables and eating them. When they were about to die of hunger, they composed songs. His speech said: "I climbed to the west mountain to pick the weeds. I was prone to violence, and I didn't know what was wrong. How could Shennong, Yu, and Xia suddenly disappear, and I can return home in peace? If I wander here, my life will be ruined!" He died of starvation in Shouyang Mountain.
Guan Zhong
Guan Zhong (? ~ 645 BC), whose name was Yiwu and whose courtesy name was Zhong, was also called Guan Jingzhong.
During the reign of Duke Xiang, he and his close friend Bao Shuya were both ministers of the Duke of Qi. In the twelfth year of King Zhouzhuang (685 BC), during the civil strife in Qi, he helped Prince Jiu and Prince Xiaobai (Dong Huan of Qi) compete for the throne but failed. Although he was hated by Duke Huan of Qi for a time, he was eventually recognized as a minister by Bao Shuya and was recommended by Bao Shuya for his ability to manage the affairs of the country.
When he made money in business, Guan Zhong always gave more to himself and less to Bao Shuya. People secretly talked about this, saying that Guan Zhong was greedy for money and did not care about friendship. When Bao Shuya found out, he explained to Guan Zhong that it was not that Guan Zhong didn't care about friendship and was only greedy for money. He did this because his family was poor. I am willing to give him more money. Guan Zhong participated in the battle three times, but escaped from the battle three times. Therefore, people laughed at him, saying that Guan Zhong was greedy for life and afraid of death, and did not have the spirit of brave sacrifice. After Bao Shuya heard the ridicule, he knew that it was not in line with Guan Zhong's actual situation, so he explained to people that Guan Zhong was not afraid of death because he had an elderly mother who was solely supported by him, so he had to do that. Guan Zhong's friendship with Bao Shuya was very sincere. He also tried to do some good things for Bao Shuya many times, but failed. Not only did he not do it, but he also caused many new difficulties for Bao Shuya. It would be better not to do it. Therefore, people thought that Guan Zhong had no ability to do things, but Bao Shuya didn't think so. He knew in his heart that his friend Guan Zhong was a very capable person. The reason why the matter was not accomplished was simply because the opportunity was not ripe. During their long-term relationship, the two of them formed a deep friendship. Guan Zhong told people many times: It was my parents who gave birth to me, and it was Bao Shuya who knew me.
Sima Qian
Sima Qian (about 145 BC - 90 BC), named Zichang, was born in Xiayang (now Hancheng, Shaanxi), Zuofeng Yi. He started reading ancient books at the age of 10. He studied very seriously. When he encountered difficult problems, he always thought about them over and over again until he understood them. When he was 20 years old, Sima Qian set out from Chang'an and traveled around. Later he returned to Chang'an and became a doctor. After his father Sima Tan died, in 108 BC (the third year of Yuanfeng), Sima Qian took over as Taishi Ling. In 104 BC (the first year of Taichu), the "Taichu Calendar" was formulated with astronomer Tang Du and others. In the same year, he began to compile "Historical Records". In 99 BC (the second year of Tianhan), Li Ling attacked the Xiongnu and was defeated and surrendered. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was furious. Sima Qian defended Li Ling, which angered Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He was arrested and imprisoned and made Zhongshu Ling. In accordance with the provisions of Han Dynasty laws, he paid for his sins and suffered "corruption". In 96 BC (the first year of Taishi), he was pardoned and released from prison. He became a Zhongshu Ling and mastered the emperor's confidential documents. He worked hard to write "Historical Records" and finally completed the writing and revision of the book when he was about 55 years old.
Sun Bin
Sun Bin, a native of Qi State, was a descendant of the military sage Sun Wu and a famous military strategist and military theorist in the middle period of the Warring States Period. His real name is unknown, but he was named because he was tortured. When he was young, Sun Bin and Pang Juan studied the art of war under Gui Guzi. After Pang Juan came down from the mountain, he defected to the state of Wei. He gained the favor of Wei Huiyu and was appointed as a general. Pang Juan thought that he was not as talented as Sun Bin, so he planned to punish Sun Bin.
Sun Bin was in danger, pretended to be mad and concealed himself, and devised a plan to return to Qi, which was appreciated by the general Tian Ji. He also showed his amazing talent through the famous "Tian Ji Horse Racing" and won the respect of King Wei of Qi. He was appointed as the military advisor of Qi State.
Militarily, he planned two great battles, the "Battle of Guiling" to encircle Wei and rescue Zhao, and the "Battle of Maling" to force Pang Juan to commit suicide.
After the Battle of Maling, Tian Ji was framed by Prime Minister Zou Ji and was forced to go into exile in Chu. Sun Bin resigned and went into seclusion, devoted himself to the study of military theory, and finally wrote the famous military masterpiece "Sun Bin's Art of War" that has been passed down through the ages.
Lu Xun
Lu Xun (1881.9.25 - 1936.10.19) was born in a dilapidated feudal literati family in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. His original name was Zhang Shou, and he later changed his name to Shuren. Yucai, "Lu Xun" was the pen name he used when he published "Diary of a Madman". Lu Xun is a great modern Chinese writer and the founder of the New Literature Movement. Lu Xun's twenty volumes of works continue the past and open up the future, which are broad and profound. "A Madman's Diary", "Kong Yiji", "Medicine", etc. showed the achievements of the literary revolution and laid the foundation for new literature; the publication of "The True Story of Ah Q" set a monument for the history of new literature and exerted great influence on Chinese writers and Writers from all over the world have had a huge impact; essays such as "Hot Wind", "Two Hearts Collection" and "Jie Ji Ji" are sharp, unique and created a new field of modern Chinese literature. His outstanding literary achievements not only enriched the new cultural and artistic treasure house of the Chinese nation, but also made a huge contribution to world literature.
There is a famous saying, "A cold brow is pointed at a thousand people, but one bows his head and is willing to be a Ruzi Niu" and so on.
Ba Jin
Ba Jin, formerly known as Li Yaotang and courtesy name Fu Gan, was born on November 25, 1904 in Zhengtongshun Street, Chengdu, Sichuan. From the publication of his first article in 1921 to the continuation of the article "In Memory of Zhenduo" in February 1999, Ba Jin created and translated 13 million words of works in his life. His "Torrent Trilogy" ("Home", "Spring", "Autumn"), "Love Trilogy" ("Fog", "Rain", "Electricity"), "Cold Night", "Open Garden", Literary works such as "The Fourth Ward" are monuments of Chinese literature.
Ba Jin is a master of contemporary Chinese literature, a pioneer of new literature, a practitioner and disseminator of advanced culture, highly respected in the literary world, and enjoys a wide reputation at home and abroad. Balao's literary works are treasures in the treasure house of Chinese literature and world literature. His literary masterpieces "Home", "Spring", "Autumn", "Fog", "Rain", "Electricity", etc. have a lofty status in the history of new literature in my country, inspiring a generation of people to pursue truth, pursue light, and devote themselves to life. The great struggle against imperialism and feudalism. Balao is also a famous literary translator and literary editor. He translated and introduced a large number of world literary masterpieces to Chinese readers. He edited famous publications such as "Literature Series" and "Harvest", cultivated a large number of outstanding young writers, and launched a large number of literary masterpieces.
In 2003, the State Council awarded Mr. Ba Jin the honorary title of "People's Writer" and issued a certificate of honor.
Lao She
Lao She (1899-1966), formerly known as Shu Qingchun, courtesy name Sheyu, was born in Beijing. A famous modern writer, he once served as a primary school principal, a middle school teacher, and a university professor. During the Anti-Japanese War, he presided over the work of the All-China Literary and Art Circles Anti-Enemy Association and made positive contributions to uniting the majority of literary and art workers to participate in anti-Japanese propaganda. After liberation, he served as vice chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, vice chairman of the Chinese Writers Association, and chairman of the Beijing Federation of Literary and Art Circles. In December 1951, he was awarded the title of "People's Artist" by the Beijing Municipal People's Government. Lao She created many popular literary works throughout his life, such as "Four Generations Under One Roof", "Camel Xiangzi", "Teahouse", "Longxugou", etc.
Shen Congwen
Shen Congwen, 1902~1988, formerly known as Shen Yuehuan. A famous novelist, essayist, and researcher of historical relics. He is famous in the literary world and famous overseas for his works such as "Border Town".
Shen Congwen was born on December 28, 1902, in an old military officer's family in Fenghuang, Hunan. Later, due to his family's financial difficulties, Shen Congwen had just graduated from elementary school in 1917 and was still under the age of At the age of fifteen, he joined the army and went to the human world to "learn to survive." In the following years, he traveled with the local warlord troops to various places on the borders of Hunan, Sichuan and Guizhou and the Yuanshui River Basin. In the autumn of 1923, under the influence of the new ideological trend of the May Fourth Movement, he began to be uneasy with the status quo, and resolutely left Xiangxi and came to Beijing alone. Since 1924, he has published works in newspapers and periodicals under the pen names of Xiu Yunyun, Mao Lin, Xiao Bing, Jia Chen, Xuan Ruo, Shangguan Bi, Jiong Zhi, Sir Balu, etc. By 1948, dozens of collections of creations had been published.
In the early 1930s, while writing, Shen Congwen edited the literary supplement of "Ta Kung Pao". With his extensive influence in the literary world, Shen Congwen was regarded as the leader of the younger generation of "Beijing School" writers. After 1949, due to "historical misunderstanding", he switched to the research of ancient cultural relics, and successively published "Ming Brocade" (co-authored with others), "Chinese Silk Patterns", "Tang and Song Bronze Mirrors", and "Dragon and Phoenix Art" Collections of ancient cultural relics and patterns and collections of academic papers. In 1964, at the request of Zhou Enlai, he began to compile "Research on Ancient Chinese Costumes". The ten-year "Cultural Revolution" that followed caused many disasters for the book. It was not completed until 1980 and was published by the Commercial Press of Hong Kong in September 1981.
In May 1988, he died of a heart attack in his residence in Beijing.
Qian Zhongshu
Qian Zhongshu (1910.11.21-1998.12.19) was named Mocun and named Huaiju. A native of Wuxi, Jiangsu. In his early years, he studied at Suzhou Taowu Middle School and Wuxi Ren Middle School run by the church. After graduating from the Department of Foreign Languages ??and Literatures of Tsinghua University in 1933, he taught at Guanghua University in Shanghai. In 1935, he married Yang Jiang and went to England to study together. He graduated from Oxford University in England in 1937 and received an associate doctorate. He went to the University of Paris in France to further study French literature. Returning to China in the autumn of 1938, he successively served as professor of the Foreign Languages ??Department of Southwest Associated University in Kunming and director of the English Department of Lantian National Normal University in Hunan. When he went home to visit relatives in 1941, he was imprisoned in Shanghai due to the Japanese occupation. He wrote the novel "Fortress Besieged" and the short story collection "Man, Beast and Ghost". "Fortress Besieged" has been translated into English, French, German, Russian, Japanese and Spanish. Most of the essays are included in the book "Written on the Edge of Life". "Talking about Art" is a groundbreaking comparative poetry theory between China and the West. At the same time, he taught or worked at Shanghai Jinan University, the Central Library and Tsinghua University. After 1953, he worked as a researcher at the Institute of Literature of Peking University. The multi-volume "Guan Zhui Bian" he wrote examines and interprets China's famous ancient classics Jing Shi Zi, and elaborates and analyzes them from the comparison of Chinese and Western cultures and literature. He is currently the Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
Answered by: 286726549 Er'er | Level 5 | 2011-9-12 22:43
Boyi, Shuqi
Boyi was the king of Guzhu in the late Shang Dynasty The eldest son, Shu Qi, is the third son, and his surname is Mo Tai. At the beginning, Lord Guzhu wanted to take his second son Shuqi as his successor, as well as his father's death, but Shuqi gave way to Boyi. Boyi thought he was disobeying his father's orders, so he fled, but Shuqi also refused to stand, so he also fled. Later, they heard that Xi Bochang was good at caring for the elderly, so they returned home. When Xi Bo died, King Wu raised an army to attack Zhou. The two men knocked on their horses and remonstrated, saying: "If your father dies and you don't bury him, can you say that your love is filial? How can you say that you can kill the king with his ministers? Can you call it benevolent?" King Wu's men wanted to use force. Jiang Taigong stopped him and said, "This is a righteous man" and helped him away. Later, after King Wu conquered the Shang Dynasty, the world was ruled by the Zhou Dynasty. However, Boyi and Shuqi were ashamed to eat Zhou millet and hid in Shouyang Mountain, collecting wild vegetables and eating them. When they were about to die of hunger, they composed songs. His words said: "I climbed to the west mountain to pick the weeds. I was prone to violence, and I didn't know what was wrong. How could Shen Nong, Yu, and Xia suddenly disappear, and I can return home in peace? If I wander here, my life will be ruined!" He died of starvation in Shouyang Mountain.
Guan Zhong
Guan Zhong (? ~ 645 BC), whose name was Yiwu and whose courtesy name was Zhong, was also called Guan Jingzhong.
During the reign of Duke Xiang, he and his close friend Bao Shuya were both ministers of the Duke of Qi. In the twelfth year of King Zhouzhuang (685 BC), during the civil strife in Qi, he helped Prince Jiu and Prince Xiaobai (Dong Huan of Qi) compete for the throne but failed. Although he was hated by Duke Huan of Qi for a time, he was eventually recognized as a minister by Bao Shuya and was recommended by Bao Shuya for his ability to manage the affairs of the country.
When he made money in business, Guan Zhong always gave more to himself and less to Bao Shuya. People secretly talked about this, saying that Guan Zhong was greedy for money and did not care about friendship. When Bao Shuya found out, he explained for Guan Zhong, saying that Guan Zhong didn't care about friendship, but only wanted money. He did this because his family was poor. I am willing to give him more money. Guan Zhong participated in the battle three times, but escaped from the battle three times. Therefore, people laughed at him, saying that Guan Zhong was greedy for life and afraid of death, and did not have the spirit of brave sacrifice. After Bao Shuya heard the ridicule, he knew that it was not in line with Guan Zhong's actual situation, so he explained to people that Guan Zhong was not afraid of death because he had an elderly mother who was solely supported by him, so he had to do that. Guan Zhong's friendship with Bao Shuya was very sincere. He also tried to do some good things for Bao Shuya many times, but he failed. Not only did he not succeed, but he also caused many new difficulties for Bao Shuya. It would be better not to do it.
Therefore, people thought that Guan Zhong had no ability to do things, but Bao Shuya didn't think so. He knew in his heart that his friend Guan Zhong was a very capable person. The reason why the matter was not accomplished was simply because the opportunity was not ripe. During their long-term relationship, the two of them formed a deep friendship. Guan Zhong told people many times: It was my parents who gave birth to me, and it was Bao Shuya who knew me.
Sima Qian
Sima Qian (about 145 BC - 90 BC), courtesy name Zichang, was born in Xiayang (now Hancheng, Shaanxi), Zuofeng Yi. He started reading ancient books at the age of 10. He studied very seriously. When he encountered difficult problems, he always thought about them over and over again until he understood them. When he was 20 years old, Sima Qian set out from Chang'an and traveled around. Later he returned to Chang'an and became a doctor. After his father Sima Tan died, in 108 BC (the third year of Yuanfeng), Sima Qian succeeded him as Taishi Ling. In 104 BC (the first year of Taichu), the "Taichu Calendar" was formulated with astronomer Tang Du and others. In the same year, he began to compile "Historical Records". In 99 BC (the second year of Tianhan), Li Ling attacked the Xiongnu and was defeated and surrendered. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was furious. Sima Qian defended Li Ling, which angered Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He was arrested and imprisoned and made Zhongshu Ling. In accordance with the provisions of Han Dynasty laws, he paid for his sins and suffered "corruption". In 96 BC (the first year of Taishi), he was pardoned and released from prison. He became a Zhongshu Ling and mastered the emperor's confidential documents. He worked hard to write "Historical Records" and finally completed the writing and revision of the book when he was about 55 years old.
Sun Bin
Sun Bin, a native of Qi State, a descendant of the military sage Sun Wu, was a famous military strategist and military theorist in the middle period of the Warring States Period. His real name is unknown, but he was named because he was tortured. When he was young, Sun Bin and Pang Juan studied the art of war under Gui Guzi. After Pang Juan came down from the mountain, he defected to the state of Wei. He gained the favor of Wei Huiyu and was appointed as a general. Pang Juan thought that he was not as talented as Sun Bin, so he planned to punish Sun Bin.
Sun Bin was in danger, pretended to be mad and concealed himself, and devised a plan to return to Qi, which was appreciated by the general Tian Ji. He also showed his amazing talent through the famous "Tian Ji Horse Racing" and won the respect of King Wei of Qi. He was appointed as the military advisor of Qi State. Militarily, he planned two great battles, the "Battle of Guiling" to encircle Wei and rescue Zhao, and the "Battle of Maling" to force Pang Juan to commit suicide.
After the Battle of Maling, Tian Ji was framed by Prime Minister Zou Ji and was forced to go into exile in Chu. Sun Bin resigned and went into seclusion, devoted himself to the study of military theory, and finally wrote the famous military masterpiece "Sun Bin's Art of War" that has been passed down through the ages.
Lu Xun
Lu Xun (1881.9.25 - 1936.10.19) was born in a dilapidated feudal literati family in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. His original name was Zhang Shou, and he later changed his name to Shuren. Yucai, "Lu Xun" was the pen name he used when he published "Diary of a Madman". Lu Xun is a great modern Chinese writer and the founder of the New Literature Movement. Lu Xun's twenty volumes of works continue the past and open up the future, which are broad and profound. "A Madman's Diary", "Kong Yiji", "Medicine", etc. showed the achievements of the literary revolution and laid the foundation for new literature; the publication of "The True Story of Ah Q" set a monument for the history of new literature and exerted great influence on Chinese writers and Writers from all over the world have had a huge impact; essays such as "Hot Wind", "Two Hearts Collection" and "Jie Ji Ji" are sharp, unique and created a new field of modern Chinese literature. His outstanding literary achievements not only enriched the new cultural and artistic treasure house of the Chinese nation, but also made a huge contribution to world literature.
There is a famous saying, "A cold brow is pointed at a thousand people, but one bows his head and is willing to be a ruthless ox" and so on.
Ba Jin
Ba Jin, formerly known as Li Yaotang and courtesy name Fu Gan, was born on November 25, 1904 in Zhengtongshun Street, Chengdu, Sichuan. From the publication of his first article in 1921 to the continuation of the article "In Memory of Zhenduo" in February 1999, Ba Jin created and translated 13 million words of works in his life. His "Torrent Trilogy" ("Home", "Spring", "Autumn"), "Love Trilogy" ("Fog", "Rain", "Electricity"), "Cold Night", "Open Garden", Literary works such as "The Fourth Ward" are monuments to Chinese literature.
Ba Jin is a master of contemporary Chinese literature, a pioneer of new literature, a practitioner and disseminator of advanced culture, highly respected in the literary world, and enjoys a wide reputation at home and abroad. Balao's literary works are treasures in the treasure house of Chinese literature and world literature.
His literary masterpieces "Home", "Spring", "Autumn", "Fog", "Rain", "Electricity", etc. have a lofty status in the history of new literature in my country, inspiring a generation of people to pursue truth, pursue light, and devote themselves to life. The great struggle against imperialism and feudalism. Balao is also a famous literary translator and literary editor. He translated and introduced a large number of world literary masterpieces to Chinese readers. He edited famous publications such as "Literature Series" and "Harvest", cultivated a large number of outstanding young writers, and launched a large number of literary masterpieces.
In 2003, the State Council awarded Mr. Ba Jin the honorary title of "People's Writer" and issued a certificate of honor.
Lao She
Lao She (1899-1966), formerly known as Shu Qingchun, also named Sheyu, was born in Beijing. A famous modern writer, he once served as a primary school principal, a middle school teacher, and a university professor. During the Anti-Japanese War, he presided over the work of the All-China Literary and Art Circles Anti-Enemy Association and made positive contributions to uniting the majority of literary and art workers to participate in anti-Japanese propaganda. After liberation, he served as vice chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, vice chairman of the Chinese Writers Association, and chairman of the Beijing Federation of Literary and Art Circles. In December 1951, he was awarded the title of "People's Artist" by the Beijing Municipal People's Government. Lao She created many popular literary works throughout his life, such as "Four Generations Under One Roof", "Camel Xiangzi", "Teahouse", "Longxugou", etc.
Shen Congwen
Shen Congwen, 1902~1988, was originally named Shen Yuehuan. A famous novelist, essayist, and researcher of historical relics. He is famous in the literary world and famous overseas for his works such as "Border Town".
Shen Congwen was born on December 28, 1902, in an old military officer's family in Fenghuang, Hunan. Later, due to his family's financial difficulties, Shen Congwen had just graduated from elementary school in 1917 and was still under the age of At the age of fifteen, he joined the army and went to the human world to "learn to survive." In the following years, he traveled with the local warlord troops to various places on the borders of Hunan, Sichuan and Guizhou and the Yuanshui River Basin. In the autumn of 1923, under the influence of the new ideological trend of the May Fourth Movement, he began to be uneasy with the status quo, and resolutely left Xiangxi and came to Beijing alone. Since 1924, he has published works in newspapers and periodicals under the pen names of Xiu Yunyun, Mao Lin, Xiao Bing, Jia Chen, Xuan Ruo, Shangguan Bi, Jiong Zhi, Sir Balu, etc. As of 1948, dozens of collections of creations have been published.
In the early 1930s, while writing, Shen Congwen edited the literary supplement of "Ta Kung Pao". With his extensive influence in the literary world, Shen Congwen was regarded as the leader of the younger generation of "Beijing School" writers. After 1949, due to "historical misunderstanding", he switched to the research of ancient cultural relics, and successively published "Ming Brocade" (co-authored with others), "Chinese Silk Patterns", "Tang and Song Bronze Mirrors", and "Dragon and Phoenix Art" Collections of ancient cultural relics and patterns and collections of academic papers. In 1964, at the request of Zhou Enlai, he began to compile "Research on Ancient Chinese Costumes". The ten-year "Cultural Revolution" that followed caused many disasters for the book. It was not completed until 1980 and was published by the Commercial Press of Hong Kong in September 1981.
In May 1988, he died of a heart attack in his residence in Beijing.