By the time of human civilization in the19th century, the productivity level was generally improved and the industrialization process was accelerated. Compared with a long history, it has made rich achievements in civilization. /kloc-in the 0/8th century, the west used the rational enlightenment spirit as a weapon to fight against absolutism and ideological ignorance. Stepping into the19th century, the original enlightenment ideal was shattered in the desire of the expansion of modern civilization. The original ideal was just an ideal, and the ideal was a dream. When I woke up, my dream had disappeared with my dream. The French Revolution was a movement that shattered the dreams of countless Enlightenment believers. They used the Enlightenment to awaken people's wisdom and reason, to fight against absolutism and religious ignorance, and to prepare for the Great Revolution. However, the result of the great revolution was to return to the original point. This result makes people feel pessimistic and disappointed about the so-called "rationality". With the development of capitalism in the19th century, foreign expansion and colonial plunder accelerated the primitive accumulation of capital, but the society brought by industrial production was ugly, environmental pollution and infectious diseases were rampant, and the intrigue between capitalists and people was disgusting. How can such a result not make hopeful people feel sad?

? Faced with the bankruptcy of the Enlightenment and the disappointment of industrialization, Romanticism came into being with the attitude of venting self-emotion, pursuing individual liberation and praising freedom. Its theme clearly opposes the rational spirit of enlightenment, advocates freedom and opposes the rules and regulations of classicism. In short, romantic literature is a new method of rebellious reconstruction of literary writing, which creates a new literary genre, shows eclectic tolerance, describes literature in an ideal way, and has strong subjective lyricism and personal spirit. Romantic literature is rebellious to tradition. If you think about it carefully, all the popular literary schools later were rebellious. With the progress of the times, generation after generation rebelled against the old, thus forming a history of literature.

? The schlegel brothers of German Romanticism put forward slogans such as "self-expression" and "return to the Middle Ages", advocating breaking any narrow law, not being bound, and emphasizing the absolute freedom and indulgence of creation. There is also the Heidelberg School, which advocates the revival of the "German national spirit" and expects to return to the former nation-state. A typical example is Novalis's Ode to the Night, which is full of horror and fantasy, eulogizes darkness and death, and pursues "the wonderful kingdom of eternal night", which completely violates the common sense of reason and civilization and is the initial embodiment of the anti-civilization tendency of early romanticism.

? British romantic literature is directly linked to the aversion to industrial civilization, and the industrial "money" relationship shown during the French Revolution is even more dismissive. Wordsworth directly broke the long-standing "imitation theory" and created a modern poetic style to express people's inner feelings. There are Byron and Keats, who are arrogant and uninhibited, pursue individual liberation and spiritual freedom, pay attention to the expression of inner feelings, and go further and further on the road of anti-civilization.

? French romanticism experienced a terrible revolution, and pessimistic and disappointed intellectuals sought a utopian spirit. Utopian socialism has influenced many people. George sand pays attention to expressing people's feelings and takes individuals as the center. Her famous saying "Describe life according to what I believe human beings should do" condensed her point of view. Merimee's novels pursue exoticism and are keen on expressing primitive desires and wildness. The characters in his novels are often incompatible with civilized society, which is the basis of anti-civilization.

? In the hearts of romantics, reason represents the resistance to nature and the destruction of human nature and sensibility. The idea of anti-civilization is actually to revive the primitiveness of human beings. After the germination and gradual prosperity of industrialized civilization, it has brought moral and life threats to people. In doubt and pessimism, people seem to regret it and want to return to the life in the Middle Ages.

? From another perspective, the anti-civilization tendency can be regarded as a reflection on industrialization and enlightenment. This paper discusses and analyzes the social problems brought by industrialization, but romantic literature advocates returning to nature and hiding its thoughts in the spiritual world of utopia, which is somewhat suspected of passive seclusion and cowardice. Reflection on reason helps people to become more mature. Rationalism advocates the establishment of a rational kingdom, but such rational thinking makes us deviate from nature, become more indifferent, fetter spiritual freedom and pollute people's hearts. Criticism of rational spirit can thrive after reflection and learning lessons.

? Romantic literature uses artistic techniques such as exaggeration to give people a feeling of romance, poetry and imagination, but there is a demon at the extreme. For the radical schools of romanticism, such as "Huxiang poets" and "devil school", there is abnormal development. The decadent and sad colors in the works have a great negative impact on people. Therefore, only the balance between freedom and self-discipline, debauchery and restraint can achieve romantic literature.