First, the original text
There is a fish in the north, and its name is Kun. Kun is so big that it is thousands of miles away. Into a bird, its name is Peng. Peng's back, thousands of miles away, flew in anger, and his wings hung like clouds in the sky. If it is a bird, shipping will migrate to Nanming. The southern ghost, Tianchi also. "Qi Xie", ambition is strange. The words of "Harmony" say: "Peng moved to Nanming, and the water hit three thousand miles. Those who climbed up were nine Wan Li, and those who went to rest in June." Wild horses, dust, and creatures blow with interest. The sky is grey, and its positive color is evil? It's far away and everything is extremely evil? It looks down, and if it is, it is already gone.
There is a fish in the North Sea, and its name is Kun. Kun is very huge, I don't know how many miles it is. Kun changes into a bird, and its name is Peng. Peng's back is thousands of miles long; When it vibrates its wings and flies directly, its wings are like clouds hanging on the horizon. This bird will migrate to the southern sea when the strong wind blows the sea. The sea in the south is a large natural pool. Qi Xie is a book that records some strange things. It is recorded in the book: "When Peng migrated to the south sea, his wings flapped on the water surface, which could stir up waves of 3, miles, flew around the whirlwind to the high altitude of Wan Li, and spent six months flying to the South China Sea before resting." Swimming like a wild horse, flying dust, and moving creatures are all moving because of the wind. The sky is blue, is it the true color of the sky? Or is it because the sky is too high to see the end? Dapeng looks down in the sky, just like a person looking at the sky on the ground.
3. Appreciation
(1) The image of Dapeng. In the article, Dapeng described by the author is an image of enormous, boundless strength, lofty aspirations and good use of Changfeng. The image of "Peng" written by Zhuangzi has a far-reaching influence on later generations. It can be seen from the image of the later poets' poems. For example, in Li Bai's "Dapeng Fu", there is a famous sentence that "Dapeng rises with the wind in one day and soars up to Wan Li". Li Qingzhao, a poetess in the Song Dynasty, also had the ambition of "lifting the wind in Wan Li, stopping the wind and blowing the three mountains away". When Mao Zedong was young, he also had the grandiose words of "I am confident that my life will last for two hundred years, and I will hit the water for three thousand miles". Their similarities and differences all express their lofty aspirations by using Peng. Some idioms related to this article, such as "Kun Peng spreads his wings", "Pengcheng Wan Li" and "soaring", are all related to Peng's image.
(2) Imagination is magnificent. In the sixth unit of the seventh grade of the junior high school textbook, the imagination is introduced to us through several texts. For example, Andersen's fairy tale The Emperor's New Clothes, Guo Moruo's poem The Market in the Sky, Yuan Ke's myth Nu Wa Made Man, and Four Fables. In "There are Fish in the North Ghost", "I don't know how many miles it is" appears repeatedly, trying to render the huge Kunpeng. Quoting the sentences in Qi Xie later is also trying to imagine exaggerating Peng's greatness, such as "water strikes three thousand Li" and "those who have risen to the top are nine Wan Li". In Zhuangzi's time, it was really valuable to have such a rich imagination under the limited vision of life experience.
(3) Be good at reasoning with fables. Zhuangzi is good at reasoning with fables. Therefore, to understand this part well, we must analyze it in the full text. There is a famous saying in psychology: to understand the part, we must understand the whole; To understand the whole, we must understand the parts. Part and whole must be interrelated and combined to understand each other. The article "Happy Travel" illustrates the author's idea of pursuing absolute spiritual freedom. Reading is not abstract, because the author puts profound philosophy in vivid and concrete images and stories. For example, the following two sentences: and the product of husband's water is not thick, it is powerless to bear the big boat. Cover a cup of water on the depression hall, and mustard will be the boat; If you set a cup, it will be glue, and the water will be shallow and the boat will be big. If the wind is not thick, its negative wings will be weak. Therefore, nine Wan Li, then the wind is next, and then it is today's wind; Those who bear the blue sky and don't die, and then they will go to the south today. Later, it was compared with the two insects, "Yi and Xue Dove". Illustrates the importance of accumulation, "those who are suitable for ignorance will have three meals instead, and their stomachs will still be as expected;" Those who are suitable for a hundred miles, stay in the grain, and those who are suitable for a thousand miles, gather food in March. What do you know about the second worm? " Finally, it is explained that although this is not necessary, there is still something to be done. If the husband takes advantage of the righteousness of heaven and earth, and resists the debate of six qi, and swims endlessly, how can he be evil? Therefore, it is said: to a man without himself, a man of God is useless, and a saint is nameless. Therefore, the reading of this article should organically link stories and reasoning sentences, and make a comparative reading, so as to truly understand the central idea that the author wants to express.
after reading the whole Zhuangzi, I feel that Zhuangzi, like Laozi and Liezi, has the idea of unity of opposites (contradiction). On the surface, Taoism's thoughts are all born, but from the images we have learned: the old and strong, determined to open the way, and the foolish old man (Liezi? Yu Gong Yi Shan, Kun Peng of Pengcheng Wan Li (this article), also gives us the image feeling of aspiring high and actively joining the WTO. We should not be bound by some inherent conclusions, but use our own hearts to comprehensively analyze and dialectically think, and select positive and beneficial parts from the profound Taoist thoughts to serve our great rejuvenation of the times and our study, work and life.