During the Han Dynasty, Kuang Heng was very studious as a teenager. As his family is poor, he has to do a lot of work during the day to earn money. Only at night can he sit down and read. However, he can't afford candles, so he can't read when it is dark. Kuang Heng was heartbroken at this time-wasting behavior, and his heart was very painful. His neighbor's family is very rich. At night, light candles in several rooms to make them bright. One day, Kuang Heng summoned up his courage and said to his neighbor, "I want to study at night, but I can't afford candles. Can I borrow an inch of your house? " Neighbors have always looked down on people who are poorer than their family, so they said viciously and sarcastically, "Since you are too poor to buy candles, what books are you reading?" Kuang Heng was very angry, but he decided to read the book well. When Kuang Heng came home, he quietly cut a small hole in the wall, through which the neighbor's candlelight came in. With this faint light, he eagerly began to read books and gradually finished reading all the books at home. After reading these books, Kuang Heng felt that his knowledge was far from enough, and his desire to continue reading more books was even more urgent. There is a big family nearby with many books. One day, Kuang Heng rolled up his bedding and appeared in front of a big house. He said to his host, "please take me in, and I will work for you at home for free." Just let me read all your books. " The host was moved by his spirit and agreed to his request to borrow books. This is how Kuang Heng studied diligently. Later, he became the prime minister of the Han and Yuan emperors and became a famous scholar in the Western Han Dynasty.

[Last sentence] This fable describes two things that Kuang Heng did when he was a teenager, one was stealing light from the wall, and the other was borrowing books to study hard. He praised Kuang Heng's spirit of bravely overcoming difficulties and studying hard. Set a good example for us to study hard.

Ba Jin's reading method

The famous writer Ba Jin's reading method is very strange, because he did it without books. Reading without books is really a miracle of the world. What's going on here? Ba Jin said: "I was hospitalized for the second time. After taking a nap for less than an hour every day, I get out of bed and sit on the small sofa, waiting for the nurse to take my temperature at two o'clock. I sat still, but I didn't doze off. My brain won't rest. It is recalling some books and works I have read in the past, as if it wants to keep some beautiful things before my memory completely declines. " It turns out that his reading method is to sit there and recall the books he has read. This has many advantages: (1) is not restricted by conditions and can make full use of time. Ba Jin cited two examples: one was that during the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, Leningrad was surrounded by the Germans for a long time, and a young girl wrote such sentences as "So-and-so, Anna karenin" in her diary. There was no electricity and no candles, and the whole city was out of power. Instead of reading, she sat quietly in the dark, recalling the plot in the book. Tolstoy's novels helped her through those terrible nights. Another example is his own personal experience of ten years of civil strife. He said: "If the rebels allowed me to keep a diary during the Cultural Revolution and allowed me to keep a diary according to my own wishes, my diary must be full of titles. People will wonder: my study has been blocked for ten years. Where can I find those books to read? They forget that there is a big warehouse in people's hearts, which stores things that others can't take away. "

These two examples show that you can "read" without normal reading conditions. (2) Review the past and learn new things. Through memory, take out the books you have read in the past and chew them bit by bit, just like cattle ruminating, which can be further digested and absorbed. Every time I recall, I will have a new understanding, a new understanding and a new harvest. (3) Be able to continuously draw spiritual strength from the books you have read. Ba Jin said: "I am now struggling with my illness, and all kinds of works are inspiring me ... Even if I don't have the spirit to read new works during my illness, the spiritual wealth accumulated in the past is enough for my limited rest of my life. Until death, people need light and heat. "

Gu personally supervised reading.

"Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world." This famous saying was first put forward by Gu, a patriotic thinker and famous scholar in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Gu studied hard since he was a child. Enlightened at the age of 6, 10 began to read history books and literary masterpieces. 1 1 years old, his grandfather Li asked him to finish the History as a Mirror, and warned: "Now some people just browse the outline and other books to save trouble, thinking that everything is fine. I don't think this is worth taking. " These words made Gu realize that reading and studying is an honest thing and must be treated seriously and faithfully. Gu Qin was diligent in reading, and he adopted the measures of "self-examination reading": First, he set himself the number of volumes that must be read every day; Secondly, he limited himself to copying the books he finished reading every day. After he finished reading Purple Tongzhi Sword, one book became two books. Third, ask yourself to take notes and write down your experiences every time you read a book. Some of his reading notes were later incorporated into the famous book Rizhilu; Finally, every spring and autumn, he will review the books he read in the first half of the year, read them silently, and ask people to read them aloud. If differences are found, he will check them immediately. He stipulated that he would spend 200 pages a day like this and never rest until he finished reviewing.

How did Chairman Mao study?

Special hobbies For decades, Chairman Mao has been very busy, but he always takes time, even every minute, to study. His former residence in Zhongnanhai is a sea of books. Books are everywhere on the bookcase, desk, dining table and coffee table in the bedroom. All the beds are occupied by books except the place where one person lies. In order to study, Chairman Mao spent all available time. A few minutes before swimming, I sometimes have to read some famous poems. After swimming, I forgot to rest, so I picked up the book again. He never wastes even a few minutes in the toilet. The book Selected Works of Zhaoming, the second edition of Song Xichun, and some other books and periodicals were completed intermittently by this time. Read a little today and a little tomorrow. Chairman Mao often goes to boxes and books when he goes out for meetings or inspections. The train shook and bumped on the way, and he completely ignored it. He always keeps reading with a magnifying glass in one hand and a page in the other. In other places, like Beijing, there are books on the bed, desk, coffee table and dining table, which seem to be free. Although Chairman Mao was seriously ill in his later years, he still insisted on studying. He reread a set of hardcover Complete Works of Lu Xun and many other books and periodicals published before liberation and brought to Beijing from Yan 'an. On one occasion, Chairman Mao had a fever of over 39 degrees, and the doctor forbade him to read books. He said sadly, I have loved reading all my life, and now you don't let me study, and you make me lie here all day eating and sleeping. You know how hard it is for me! The staff had to put the books they had taken next to him, and he smiled happily. Study hard and read again and again. Chairman Mao has never opposed the reading method that only emphasizes books, and Chairman Mao has never opposed the reading method that only emphasizes quick results and does not emphasize results. When he read the complete works of Han Changli's poems, except for a few chapters, he carefully pondered and studied them one by one, from vocabulary, sentence reading, chapters to the meaning of the whole text. He can recite most of Han Ji's poems fluently through repeated reading and reciting. He read novels such as Journey to the West, Dream of Red Mansions, Outlaws of the Marsh and Romance of the Three Kingdoms in primary school and reread them in the 1960s. He has seen more than ten different versions of A Dream of Red Mansions. He read a book "Selected Works of Zhaoming" when he was at school. He read it in 1950s and 1960s, and read it several times in 1970s. There are three versions of his annotations. He has read many books on Marxism-Leninism and philosophy. He has read Li Da's History of the United Front and Outline of Sociology for ten times each. He has studied Manifesto of the Productive Party, Das Kapital, Selected Works of Lenin and so on. Many chapters and paragraphs are also annotated and crossed. For decades, every time Chairman Mao read a book or an article, he drew circles, bars, dots and other symbols in important places, and wrote a lot of comments in the eyebrows and blanks.

Lu Xun chewed pepper to drive away the cold. Mr. Lu Xun studied hard since he was a child. When I was a teenager, I attended Jiangnan Naval Academy and got excellent results in the first semester. The school awarded him a gold medal. He immediately took it to the street of Nanjing Gulou and sold it. Then he bought some books and a bunch of red peppers. Whenever it's cold at night and he can't stand reading at night, he picks a pepper and chews it in his mouth, making his forehead sweat. In this way, he insisted on studying. After studying hard, he finally became a famous writer in China.

Wang Yanan sleeps in a three-legged bed. When Wang Yanan was a child, he was ambitious and loved reading. When he was in middle school, in order to gain more time to study, he deliberately sawed off one foot of his wooden bed and turned it into a three-legged bed. I read until late at night every day. I went to bed when I was tired, and then I turned over in a daze. The bed leans in the direction of short feet. He woke up suddenly, got out of bed at once and read at night. Every day, without interruption. As a result, he achieved excellent results every year and was regarded as one of the three outstanding figures in his class. Because he studied hard as a teenager, he eventually became an outstanding economist in China.

◎ Su Dongpo, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, thought that he had no books to read when he was young, so he wrote a book: "I know all the words in the world; Read all the books on the earth. " After an old man pointed out it, he changed it to: "Make great efforts to govern and know all the people in the world; Determined to read all the books on earth. "

◎ Guo Moruo once wrote a pair of reading couplets: "Reading is not in the middle of the night and five drums, but it is cold in ten miles." This means that you should study hard at ordinary times and not work overtime on a whim. If you want to succeed, you must persevere, never be diligent and slack, and fish for three days and dry the net for two days.

◎ Hua attributed the reading process to two stages: from thick to thin and from thin to thick. When you really have a thorough understanding of the content of the book, grasp the main points of the book, and master the spiritual essence of the book, reading will change from thick to thin, and the more you read, the more you feel thin. If in the process of reading, you discuss each chapter in depth, add notes on each page and supplement the reference materials, then the book will become thicker and thicker. So reading is a two-way process from thick to thin and from thin to thick.

1. Kuang Heng, Yuan Di stole light in the Han Dynasty, and liked reading since childhood. But the family is so poor that they can't even eat enough. How can they afford to go to school? He had to work during the day and study by himself at night. What should I do if I have no money to buy lamp oil at home? Kuang Heng didn't give in to the difficulties, so he came up with an idea: he cut a small hole in the wall and studied by the dim light of his neighbor's house. He worked hard and learned a lot, and later became prime minister. Metaphor: Strive to adhere to the spirit of learning under difficult conditions.

2. Sun Jing of Han Dynasty is diligent and studious. He gets up early every morning and studies late into the night. Because of fatigue and drowsiness, I often doze off unconsciously. He hung one end of the rope on the beam and tied his hair at the other end. In this way, when you take a nap, your scalp will hurt. Later, he finally became a master of Confucianism. During the Warring States Period, Su Qin failed in lobbying Qin State, but his family ignored him. He became angry from embarrassment and taught himself to become useful. Whenever I doze off, I stab my thigh with an awl until I bleed profusely. Later he became a famous scholar. Later generations combined their deeds and described self-study as "hanging the beam and stabbing the stock".

3. Li Bai's story Li Bai was very playful when he was a child and often played truant. Once, he ran out of school and went to play by the river. He saw an old woman grinding an iron bar on a stone. Li Bai was surprised and asked her why she was grinding an iron bar. The old woman said, "I am grinding the needle." Li Bai asked again, "When can such a thick iron bar be ground into a needle?" The old woman said, "As long as you have perseverance, iron bars can be ground into needles." Li Bai was ashamed after hearing this. He studied hard and finally became a great poet.

4. Xue Ying studied at night in Sun Kang, a native of Jingzhao (now Luoyang, Henan) in Jin Dynasty, an official of ancient literati. Sun Kang loved studying when he was a child, and often felt that time was not enough. He wants to study day and night, but his family is poor and has no money to buy lamp oil. You can't study when it's dark. Especially in winter, when the nights are long, he sometimes toss and turn for a long time, making it difficult to sleep. There's really no choice but to read more books during the day and sleep in bed at night. One night, when he woke up, he suddenly found some white light coming in from the window. I saw a heavy snow when I opened the door. The roof is white, the ground is white, and the trees are white. The whole earth was covered with a layer of silver, shining and dazzling. He was standing in the yard enjoying the beautiful scenery behind the snow, and suddenly his heart moved: Can you study under the snow? He hurried back to the house, took out his book and looked at the reflection of snow. Sure enough, the handwriting is clear, much brighter than the dim little oil lamp! From then on, Sun Kang no longer worried about the lack of lamp oil. Throughout the winter, he studied day and night, neither afraid of the cold nor tired, and often read the cock crow. Even if the north wind whizzes and drops of water turn into ice, he never stops learning. Sun Kang made great efforts to make progress in his studies, and finally became a prestigious scholar.

5. Huang, the founder of Su Longwei, was founded in Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty for fifteen years, with a history of more than 400 years. The founder is Huang. Huang is a native of Chigang Town, with a white character and a weak number. My family is poor and I like studying. When I was a teenager, I raised ducks for a living. During the time when I put ducks in the field, I often put my hand on a book and read a book while putting ducks in the field. Due to his diligence and eagerness to learn, he was admitted to the "Niangong" in the thirty-fifth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty and was appointed as the county magistrate of Wuyuan County in the south of the Yangtze River. Because of his outstanding achievements, later ministers were successively promoted to Yimen County Order of Yunnan, Seal of Kunyang State of Yunnan, and Known by Tongan State of Yunnan.