Narrative art
The unique narrative art of Historical Records pays great attention to the deeper exploration of the causal relationship of events, synthesizes various historical books of the previous generation, forms a unified statement, and describes all historical times before the middle of the Western Han Dynasty with twelve biographies and ten tables as the representatives vertically, and eight biographies, thirty biographies and seventy biographies as the representatives horizontally, leading all classes, nationalities, fields and industries, forming a comfortable structure criss-crossing.
In addition, Historical Records also has many unique features in terms of composition, sentence patterns and words, which is unique and unconventional, and produces unique effects with its novelty and variety.
Biography of Xiang Yu is one of the most important and wonderful chapters in Historical Records. The history specifically recorded the magnificent historical situation during the struggle between Chu and Han. Literally, this paper is the earliest masterpiece of narrative art centered on characters in China's prose. The thrilling war picture depicted in this paper and Xiang Yu, a classic tragic hero image, have had a great influence on various literary works in later generations.
The characters are arranged in both name and reality, echoing before and after. Biographies at all levels in Historical Records are arranged in chronological order, but they also take into account the internal relations between biographies and follow the principle of similar items. That is, when the same thing involves several people, it is described in detail in one place and omitted in another place. Sometimes, this kind of "mutual understanding" marked with "words in something" not only avoids repetition, but also plays a role in highlighting the main character of the characters. For example, in "Biography of Xiang Yu", Xiang Yu's arrogant personality characteristics are mainly highlighted; Other aspects that contradict this main feature are supplemented in other people's biographies, which not only highlight the dominant personality characteristics, but also avoid paying attention to one thing and losing another, thus achieving the integrity of personality.
Characteristic description
First of all, pay attention to the language and details.
"Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" Lin Xiangru said: "Take the national emergency first, and then take personal revenge." It is also the essence language refined by the author Sima Qian to express the character's personality with his own personalized language, which can best express the inner beauty of Lin Xiangru's ideological realm. It is the sublimation of Lin Xiangru's spiritual quality, the ideological basis of all his actions, and the most important word in the whole article. In order to highlight this sentence, Sima Qian first wrote about Lian Po's arrogance, which was set off by Lin Xiangru's bearing. However, Lin Xiangru's motivation for doing so was not explained, and another big ups and downs were caused, which attracted Scheeren's advice and set off Lin Xiangru's magnanimous mind with Scheeren's narrow mind, and another big ups and downs were caused; Lin Xiangru's answer, first compare Lian Po with the king of Qin, leads to Scheeren's "if not" answer, which is another setback; Then he pointed out that even the king of Qin was not afraid. What about General William? Fall down again; Then analyze Zhao's security system, "we are two people", and we can't fight each other and then fall down; After many ups and downs and a lot of preparation, the phrase "national emergency first, personal hatred later" was pointed out in the most urgent and eye-catching place, which was really the finishing touch. This eye "point", Lin Xiangru's tall image stands in front of readers like the towering Mount Tai.
In Biography of Gaozu and Biography of Xiang Yu, Sima Qian used a lot of detailed language to describe the characters, which was very personal. For example, Xiang Yu saw Qin Shihuang's southern tour and blurted out, "He can take a place." Liu Bang apologized and said, "This is what Pei Gong Sajima and Cao Wushang said." It serves to show his straightforward personality, and Liu Bangguan Qin Shihuang said in one breath: "Hey! A gentleman should be like this! " The words are euphemistic and tortuous, which can control his feelings and write his generous and generous character, although the weather is extraordinary. At the Hongmen banquet, Fan Zeng asked Xiang Zhuang to stab Pei Gong with his sword and said, "... if you don't do this, you will be caught." Later, when Liu Bang fled, he said, "Those who took the title of Xiang Wang were praised repeatedly." . I belong to this! "Shows his wily character.
Second, the combination of positive description with profile description and close-up highlights the characters.
In Historical Records, Sima Qian used a combination of frontal description and profile description to describe characters. For example, Xiang Yu killed Qing Zi champion Yi Song, which was an internal struggle of the rebel army, and this war was related to the success or failure of the anti-Qin struggle. As a general of the rebel army, he didn't save Zhao at the critical moment. The reason is very impressive. In fact, he is stealing peace and even has other plans. As the second general, Xiang Yu saw through his intention, made a decisive decision, killed Yi Song, seized the military power and turned the situation around. In Sima Qian's works, Xiang Yu showed his outstanding knowledge and determination, as well as his ambition to care for the people and shoulder the heavy responsibility of national security. There is also "the most proud battle of Xiang Yu"-the battle of Julu, and Xiang Yu led the troops to cross the river. "Chu soldiers are invincible." Look at the reaction of the warlord army. "The warlord saved more than ten walls from the stag, so he didn't dare to fight. When Chu attacked Qin, all the generals looked at it from the wall. " "All the princes and the army were afraid." "So Qin Jun was broken, and Xiang Yu called people and entered Yuanmen. They all knelt down and dared not look up. "This battle, wrote the spirit of xiang yu not afraid of the strong enemy, strong fighting spirit, dare not fight, vassal soldiers who fear, also set off his heroism.
Third, use the method of comparison and contrast.
This technique is used to describe Li Guang in Historical Records Biography of General Li. In order to highlight the characteristics of Li Guang's troops, Sima Qian wrote that Cheng did not understand the style of troops. Li Guang's troops are characterized by broad and simple "marching without a department" and "writing books in Mofu province", which is almost inaction. Cheng doesn't know how to lead the army, but he is very strict. He meticulously "walked in the forefront, fought in the army" and "beat Diao Dou". Against the background of ignorance, the characteristics of safflower and green leaves and Li Guang troops are particularly conspicuous and prominent. Combining leniency with severity is just a different style of running the army. At that time, Li Guang and Cheng of Hanbian County were both famous soldiers. However, the Huns were afraid of Li Guang. "The foot soldiers are also happy to come from Li Guang, and the journey is hard." . The reflection of Xiongnu and foot soldiers reveals the author's tendentiousness, and readers' admiration for Li Guang arises unconsciously. In Biography of General Lee, it is to set off Li Guang's irrelevant ignorance about Li Guang.
When Sima Qian writes about Li Guang's misfortune, he will compare it with Li Guang: "Cai is an inferior person and his reputation is far spread;" But you can't be a knight, the official is nine Qing, Cai is a rank, and the position is three. " Cai Li is Li Guang's younger brother, so he can be regarded as an inferior person. As far as the nine categories are concerned, he belongs to the eighth category and has no ability, but he rose to the top, prospered in his official career and was appointed as prime minister. Li Guang fought against the Huns for more than 40 years, and after more than 70 wars, he made great contributions, and even the Huns were in awe, calling him "the flying general of the Han Dynasty". However, such a famous soldier was "forbidden to be knighted", even framed and finally forced to commit suicide. In contrast, Li Guang's tragic fate has been written in detail, and the irrationality of the employment system and the reward and punishment system has also been deeply exposed.
Fourth, show characters in conflicts.
Sima Qian vividly and concretely wrote the contradictions and conflicts between the characters, reappearing the tense and changeable scenes, in which the characters were exposed completely and their respective personalities were brought to the extreme. For example, in the "Hongmen Banquet" in Xiang Yu's Biography, the author chose the scene of Hongmen, which is calm on the surface and full of dangers in reality, so that many characters can show their distinct personalities in the infighting and mutual set-off. Liu Bang's tactfulness and treachery, Xiang Yu's frankness and lack of ingenuity, Sean's farsightedness and calmness, Fan Zeng's intolerance and impatience, Fan Kuai's generosity and boldness, and Xiang Bo's kindness and ignorance are all vivid.
In the Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, Sima Qian described in detail the tense scenes and sharp contradictions and conflicts in the "Return to Zhao in a Perfect Way" and "Mianchi Meeting". In the hall of the king of Qin, facing the situation that the king of Qin wanted to break the contract, Lin Xiangru was resourceful and scheming in the face-to-face struggle, and always took the initiative in his own hands. At Mianchi meeting, the king of Qin insulted the king of Zhao with his strong national strength, but Lin Xiangru was unmoved and sternly opposed, risking his life to safeguard national dignity. Faced with the pressure from Lian Po, Lin Xiangru gave in, which not everyone can do. In the sharp contradictions and conflicts, the image of Lin Xiangru's ardent patriotic feelings, not afraid of sacrifice, willing to be wronged, open-minded and noble character, has both wisdom and courage that ordinary people dare not and are unwilling to do.
Fifth, the application of cross-examination method.
When Sima Qian wrote Historical Records, he should not only highlight the personality characteristics of the characters, but also maintain the integrity of the characters and the authenticity of history. He adopted the method of "getting to know each other" when sorting out the materials. The characters in the background events are basically the same, and the materials are almost intertwined. Sima Qian described characters with his own personality according to the needs of describing characters, and historical facts brought out the best in each other. This is the "mutual understanding method".
For example, Biography of Wei Gongzi mainly shows Xin's "benevolence and corporal", but Xin does not always insist on this point. Wei Qi of Wei Xiang once beat Fan Ju. Later, Fan Ju became Qin Xiang and wanted revenge. Wei Qi has nowhere to hide. In order to save Wei Qi, Zhao Xiang Yuqing and Wei Qi took refuge in Xinlingjun together. However, New Ling Jun was afraid of the State of Qin and did not receive them in time. As a result, Wei Qi "committed suicide in anger". If this matter is written into the biography of Wei Gongzi, it will inevitably damage the image of Xinlingjun. Therefore, Sima Qian wrote it into Fan Ju Cai Zezhuan. This not only highlights the new characteristics of the characters, but also does not damage the integrity of the characters, maintains the authenticity of history, and truly achieves "no exaggeration" and "no concealment".
Sixth, personalized language highlights the charm of the characters.
In the Biography of Emperor Gaozu, Sima Qian used more methods of language description when portraying the image of Liu Bang, and vividly presented the image of Liu Bang to readers with highly personalized language. There is a passage in the Chronicle of the Great Emperor, stating the reason why he won the world-"My husband is thousands of miles away, and I am not as good as an ovary. Town, people, food, endless route for providing foodstuff, I am not as good as Xiao He. Even if it is a million-strong army, we must win the battle and attack it. I am not as good as Han Xin. These three are outstanding people, and I can use them, so I win the world. Xiang Yu has a Fan Zeng, so he can't use it. That's why he was arrested for me. " -Can "help the world" and be good at employing people. Cascading contrast, surging down, it can be seen that Liu Bang was full of ambition after winning. Sean, Xiao He and Han Xin, all outstanding figures, can be used by Liu Bang, so Liu Bang has more than three talents. Liu bang is modest on the surface, but he is conceited.
In other chapters of Historical Records, Sima Qian also used personalized language description many times to portray the characters vividly.
"Ji" and "Biography" in Historical Records are biographical prose centered on characters, which reproduce colorful historical pictures by showing the activities of characters. The characters in biographies and biographies come from different classes, from emperors and generals to ordinary people. A hundred schools of thought contend. An educated man has everything, involving more than 4,000 people and hundreds of important people. The wide coverage of biographies in Historical Records is inseparable from Sima Qian's progressive view of history and broad vision. Sima Qian himself is "vulgar but literary talent is not behind" (Letter to Ren An), hoping to make a name for future generations with the help of Historical Records and realize his immortal pursuit of life. Out of this state of mind, Sima Qian expressed deep sympathy for those commoners who had made outstanding contributions in history, but were difficult to become famous because they were not rewarded. Sima Qian clearly saw that a person's popularity, and even whether he can go down in history, is of course related to his own performance, and it is also inseparable from whether someone promotes him. In Sima Qian's view, the four sons of the Warring States either relied on the consanguineous advantage of the relatives of the Wang family or were in the position of prime minister, and some had both. Their famous prince seems to be called by the wind, and get twice the result with half the effort. "To be a person like Lv Xiang, to improve his name and give it to the world is to be called a saint, which is embarrassing. But both Confucianism and Mohism were excluded. Since the Qin Dynasty, the chivalrous people of ordinary people have disappeared, and I hate it very much. " Sima Qian was deeply unfair to Confucianism, Mohism and other schools, because they excluded these chivalrous people from Shu Ren. Sima Qian wrote many lower-class characters in his book, including assassins, rangers, businessmen, alchemists and so on. And making biographies of emperors and generals as usual, which makes the characters collected in Historical Records very extensive and vividly portrayed.
The characters in Historical Records have different postures and distinct personality characteristics. Not only are there great differences between different types of characters, but also the images of the same type of characters are rarely the same. Xin He and Chun are both noble children who are famous for their studiousness. Their personalities are different, and, and Chun also have their own styles. As a strategist in the Warring States period, Su Qin was mainly an energetic figure, while Zhang Yi was more cunning and manipulative. Sean and Chen Pingtong are important counselors of Liu Bang, while Sean written by Sima Qian is unfathomable and somewhat miraculous. However, Chen Ping, a think tank, is full of human feelings and has no immortal spirit of Sean. There are still such obvious differences between similar characters in Historical Records, especially between different types of characters. In sharp contrast, the characters' personalities are fully displayed in differences and differences.
Sima Qian can accurately grasp the basic characteristics of the performance object and render it when portraying characters, which makes many characters' personalities stand out. Zhang Shu, Biography of Shiwan, highlights the caution and obedience of Shi Fan's three generations. When Fan Zhuan was written, he mainly described his meticulous care for Liu Bang's family, his special relationship with Liu Bang's family, and mentioned his servant status many times. When describing Li Guang, Biography of General Li deliberately showed Li Guang's superb ancestral shooting skills. He shot Xiongnu sculptors, white horse generals, pursuers, hunters, stones and enemy generals, and each shot could swallow his own feathers. The characters in Historical Records have their own style because Sima Qian fully demonstrated their personality characteristics.
Sima Qian paid full attention to their family background, cultural upbringing, social experience and other factors when expressing the characters' personality characteristics, which not only showed the characters' personality characteristics, but also explained the reasons for their formation, sometimes paving the way for the development of the characters from the beginning. Xiao He was born as a knife and pen official, so he can make the best use of the situation and obey the law. When Chen Ping was young, his family was poor and eager to learn, so he always had the temperament of a scholar and was knowledgeable, answering questions in front of the emperor. At first, Zhou Bo was an acrobat and knew nothing about it. After he came to power, he showed a lack of knowledge and was in a dilemma before Emperor Wen. Before becoming a general, Fan Kuai killed dogs for a living. After becoming a general, he maintained that reckless and generous spirit. He eats large pieces of meat and drinks large glasses of wine. He also dared to speak frankly and loudly to Liu Bang and Xiang Yu. Writing about Dou Ying is the embarrassment of losing power in old age, and writing about Tian Fen is the madness of young people's success. In a word, Sima Qian paid full attention to many important factors affecting the character. So he let the characters in Historical Records speak and act in their own way, which is in line with their age, status and upbringing.
The characters in Historical Records have their own characteristics and personalities. At the same time, they also show many universal things, that is, some * * * characteristics that are widely recognized by society and have a far-reaching impact on future generations. This is an important achievement in depicting characters in Historical Records, which is most likely to arouse readers' * * *. There are various characters in Historical Records, which mainly include the following points: First, repay kindness with kindness, and repay kindness with kindness. Su Qin's relationship with relatives and friends, Liu Bang's relationship with Xiao He, Wei's ignorance, Han Xin's relationship with floating mother and pavilion, and the imperial tomb's relationship with Zhang Cang are all owed by people. There are a large number of such people in history books who have thanked their benefactors hundreds of times to show that they will never forget their roots and live up to others. The second is tit for tat, tit for tat. This is a kind of behavior corresponding to repaying kindness with kindness taken by Wu Zixu to King Chu Ping, Li Guangzhi to Baling Wei and Zhufuyan to Kundike. Third, a scholar died for his bosom friend, and went through fire and water to repay his kindness, even at the expense of his own life. This is the sublimation of gratitude and its extreme form. Sima Qian mentioned twice in Biographies of Assassins and Letters to Ren An that "when a gentleman dies, he is a bosom friend, and a woman is ashamed of herself", and he himself agrees with this creed. Zhuan Xu, Yurang, Nie Zheng, Jing Ke and others in Biography of Assassin all died for their confidants. Ji Sheng in Biography of Meng Changjun, Hou Ying in Biography of Wei Gongzi and Guan Gao in Biography of Chen Yu in Zhang Er all died for their bosom friends. The characters in Historical Records still have the idea of returning home, which is their common ideal and pursuit. Historical Records describes the scenes of many people coming home in clothes, which are recorded in the biographies of Su Qin, Liu Bang, Zhu and others.
The characters in Historical Records have both distinct personalities and universal * * *, which is the perfect combination of * * * and personality. There are many people who do similar things, but how to do it is everyone's choice, and everyone has their own way. Returning home dressed in fine clothes, Han Xin looks graceful and generous, regardless of personal grievances, but Zhufuyan is narrow-minded and vindictive. With kindness, Yu Rang and Guan Gao first endured humiliation and stubbornly survived, and died heroically in a critical moment; While Hou Ying, Tian Guang and other righteous people committed suicide to repay each other happily. The * * * essence of characters lies in their distinctive personalities, both of which have been fully demonstrated.
Sima Qian used the method of multidimensional perspective when portraying characters, and the characters in his works revealed various personality characteristics, which were vivid and full. Sima Qian, as a figure like Reese, has repeatedly described the contradictory state of his seemingly headstrong self-use, but his heart is uncertain: in the situation of the peasant uprising, he wants to retreat from difficulties, but he is greedy for money and can't make up his mind; When Zhao Gao was abolished, he began to look like a martyr. Convinced by Zhao Gao, he immediately retreated and compromised. For Qin Ershi's no way, I want to make a face and protest directly. Once asked by II, I immediately asked for permission. Reese's dual personality is fully displayed, and a sad image of inner division is vividly displayed on the paper. When describing characters, Sima Qian can not only grasp the basic characteristics of characters, but also pay full attention to the secondary aspects of characters and show their mental outlook in many ways.
Style characteristic
Profound narration and vivid description of characters are skillfully combined to form the unique style of Historical Records. Historical Records also successfully created a large number of tragic characters, making the book full of tragic flavor and legend.
The narrators of Historical Records all revolve around the purpose of "studying the nature and man, connecting the changes of ancient and modern times". Although Sima Qian also started from the trivial details of life, most biographies of people ended up with magnificent pictures, interspersed with a series of historical events. Sima Qian did not describe the historical process and the life stories of characters in general, but thought deeply about the historical laws and the fate of characters, explored the essence through appearances, and grasped the inevitable laws through contingency. This makes the biographies of Historical Records have both magnificent pictures and profound implications, forming a magnificent and elegant style.
Sima Qian is good at expressing the characters in his works in a broad social background, and in the process of describing a series of major historical events, he shows the historical inevitability embodied by the contingency of personal fate. In Biographies of Su Qin and Biographies of Zhang Yi, Sima Qian repeatedly showed the subtle and complicated interest relations among the warring states, and opened up a broad picture under the background of the hegemony of the seven countries. Su Qin and Zhang Yi accurately grasped the characteristics of the situation at that time, seized the opportunity, and made some earth-shattering undertakings one after another, becoming dangerous people at that time. Chen Ping was ambitious and resourceful when he was young, which coincided with the turmoil at the end of Qin Dynasty and the dispute between Chu and Han. He designed to alienate Xiang Yu and Fan Zeng, so that the overlord of Chu lost his counselor "Yafu". Xingyang is trapped. He sent 2000 women out of the East Gate at night to confuse the Chu army, and Liu Bang was able to escape from the West Gate. It was he who suggested that Liu Bang named Han Xin the King of Qi to stabilize the situation, and he suggested that Liu Bang pseudo-swam Yunmengze to capture Han Xin alive. Liu bang was besieged by Huns for seven days in Pingcheng, and it was Chen Ping who saved the day. Chen Ping's five strategies are all related to Liu Bang's life and death and the rise and fall of the world. The image of Chen Ping, an adviser, has become increasingly full in the process of controlling the historical situation. The characters in Historical Records are all kinds, either humble or grand; Some are honored first and then humiliated, and some are humiliated first and then honored; Some people have a successful career and are lucky in life, while others have a miserable career. Sima Qian not only wrote them as directors and actors of major events, but also wrote them as children of major events. By describing and narrating their adaptation and resistance to the status quo and trends, and grasping and missing historical opportunities in time, he drew a magnificent picture of history and life with a giant pen and pointed out the philosophy contained in it.
There are many types of tragic characters in Historical Records. According to their position and role in history, some tragic heroes reflect the contradiction between the inevitable requirement of history and the impossibility of this requirement. This tragic figure is the forerunner of history, and his actions are ahead of time. Although their ideas were correct, they paid a heavy price, and some even died, because the conditions were not mature at that time. Wu Qi and Shang Yang, who promoted political reform, Jia Yi and Chao Cuo, who advocated cutting women's hair, are all such tragic heroes. There is also a class of tragic figures who died heroically, but their tragedies did not reflect the historical inevitability that could not be realized, but believed that the old system was reasonable. After the defeat, Tian Heng was unwilling to surrender to the Han Dynasty and committed suicide. His entourage and 500 righteous men in the East China Sea were martyred one after another, and a solemn and stirring group appeared. In essence, what Tian Heng wants to maintain is the situation in which vassals dominate and countries are divided, which has long lost its rationality of existence. Tian Heng believed that the outdated system was still reasonable and fought for it, which determined that he was destined to be a tragic figure. Many governors who rebelled against the central government in Historical Records belong to this tragic figure who believed in the rationality of the old system. The tragic characters in Historical Records can be divided into two types according to their characters: perfect type and missing type. Gong Sunhe, a righteous man who made great sacrifices to protect Zhao orphans, as well as assassins and rangers in Biography of Assassins and Biography of Rangers, are all heroes with noble moral character and dedication. What they did was almost impeccable. They destroyed the most valuable things on their bodies for people to see, and they are perfect tragic heroes. There are also some tragic characters who have obvious weaknesses, and the mistakes caused by these weaknesses eventually destroy themselves. But because they are heroes after all, their destruction is also tragic. Xiang Yu is the representative of this missing tragic hero. He made great achievements before his death and died generously and heroically. His weakness is also very obvious, and he is not aware of his own shortcomings.
Sima Qian's life experience is unfortunate and his fate is tragic. He wrote biographies for many tragic figures and expressed his deep sympathy. He praised Wu Zixu for abandoning filial piety and making a great shame, which made him famous in later generations and created a lean image. Qing Yu, Fan Ju, Cai Ze, Wei Bao and Peng Yue. In his works, he either wrote books in poverty, or became strong after suffering, or was tortured to be conceited and wanted to be useful. All these suffering experiences are tragic, implying their own life feelings.
Sima Qian, when discussing the root of the tragedy of the characters, showed doubts about God's will, and his fate was unpredictable and difficult to grasp. In the Biography of Boyi, he lamented that "Heaven is evil, not evil!" In "The Family of Concubines", it is repeatedly emphasized that "a man can be broad-minded, and there is nothing like life" and "that is not life!" For the lucky ones like Xiao He and Chen Ping, Sima Qian thinks that their contingency in life reflects the inevitability of history, and their own talents and adaptability to historical trends make them play the role of heroes. Their fate is not a difficult mystery for these people. From those tragic figures, Sima Qian felt more uncertainty, unfairness and incomprehension in history and life. Sima Qian also wrote biographies of tragic figures. Reveals the distortion of human nature caused by alienation. Wuqi killed his wife to become a general of Lu, but his mother didn't come back for Qing Xiang. Fame and fortune turned him into a picky and ungrateful man, and finally he died. Great political achievements are in direct conflict with the serious alienation of human nature. Zhang Er and Chen Yu were friends at a loss in their early years, but later they turned against each other and tried to break them up.
Historical Records is a legend. Qin Shihuang's deeds in his later years are interspersed with many strange things and the appearance of gods, which indicates the end of the Qin Dynasty. When writing about the rise of Emperor Gaozu, Liu Wei's feelings about the dragon and his son, Liu Bang's drunken beheading of the giant snake and other legends all show his supernatural nature. In addition to absurd legends, many true stories written in historical records are also legendary. Lu Zhonglian, a strange person, solves problems without taking anything, is detached from things, is far-fetched and will never see you again. The one in Stay at Houjia is a legendary figure, while the four noble people in this article are equally abrupt, like immortals. Many stories in Historical Records are unconventional, unexpected and legendary. Mrs. Bo in "The House of Concubines" became extremely rich because of being left out. Ji wanted to enter Zhao, and the eunuch mistakenly gave her the position of king, but she became the queen by mistake. These court stories are also unpredictable to express the fate of life, but they are not tragedies, but comedies. Tian Dan, the master of Tian Dan Zhuan, is a man of great wisdom. This biography has written a series of ingenious schemes, especially the one in which the fire bull array breaks the Qi army, which is even more wonderful. Biographical praise is accompanied by the deeds of the strange king and queen, which can be described as strange. The legend of Historical Records also stems from Sima Qian's narrative writing style. Sima Qian's prose is changeable, rising and falling. Come and go without a trace for no reason, which makes people unpredictable. "Biography of Boyi" is a biography for Boyi and Shu Qi, but it begins with a discussion, with Xu You, Bian Bian, Guangwu and others as the foil for Boyi and Shu Qi, which almost confuses the subject and object. After describing the deeds of Boyi and Shu Qi, Yan Yuan and Shoppers were introduced into the discussion, which was discussed from both positive and negative aspects. Finally, it is pointed out that those who succeed in fame must be accompanied by talents who can be passed down to future generations. Throughout, it means that the pen follows, changes vertically and horizontally, and clouds are lingering and confusing. Historical Records has many unique features in composition, syntax, diction, etc. It is unique, unconventional, swaying and echoing from afar, and has a legendary effect with its novelty and variety.
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Famous Sentences in Historical Records
1), the swallow knows the ambition of the swan.
2) If you don't sing, it will be a blockbuster; If you don't fly, you will fly to the sky.
3) If you get lost, you know it's not far away.
4), no matter how smart people will worry, there will be losses; A fool may give advice to a wise man.
5) If you don't obey the principle and don't know the shape and size ideologically and politically, don't try to be brave. With these three pretexts, you should be captured.
6), the prince will be better.
7), advice is helpful when you are unhappy, and good medicine is good for illness.
8), the most important person is the body, the person who is afraid of the road is the mouth, and the person who is far away is the year. He is afraid of the road of heavy responsibility, and in the long run, only a gentleman can reach it.
9) Regardless of the details, the big bank made a small gift without hesitation.
10), strategizing and winning thousands of miles.
1 1), its ambition is not small.
12), don't indulge in wealth, don't indulge in what you want.
13), the valleys can be profitable, and the ambitions are not paid.
14), it is better to keep the population than to keep Sichuan.
15), strike first, then strike first.
16), looking at the front from the back is the front; Look at the front. Look at the back. That's the back.
17), although Chu has three households, Qin Bichu is dead.
18), weeding roots, lies in vines; Fire fighting costs more than quick fire fighting.
19), frugal people are the source of wealth, and extravagant people are the sign of poverty.
20), the tiller asked the field girl, and the silk asked the weaver girl.
2 1), the sword of Xiangzhuang, which means Pei Gong.
22), people are inherently mortal, or heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather.