Teaching objectives:

1. Understand the form of idioms

2. Understand the language diseases in the use of idioms.

Correct use of idioms

Teaching emphasis: improper use of words caused by idioms.

Teaching Difficulties: Correct Use of Idioms

Teaching process: 3 hours.

first kind

Besides words, there are some fixed phrases or sentences, such as idioms, idioms, two-part allegorical sayings, proverbs and aphorisms, which are collectively called idioms. Idioms are commonly used, meaningful and stereotyped fixed phrases.

idiom

proverb

Common saying

It is a popular and profound fixed phrase that people spread orally.

a two-part allegorical saying

It is a kind of oral language with argot nature, which consists of two parts: approximate riddle and answer.

phrase

It is a short and stereotyped idiom in spoken English.

idiom

This is a special fixed phrase that can be used together.

maxim

This is an epigram, which is instructive and instructive.

I. Idioms

Idioms are short and stereotyped idioms in spoken English. For example: burning the midnight oil, singing high-profile, wearing little shoes, going through the back door, soaking mushrooms, half bottle of vinegar, beating a retreat and so on. Concise, vivid, popular and interesting, with strong oral color. Most of them are three-character structures, verb-object structures and figurative meanings. Most of them arouse people's association with concrete metaphors, and many words escape. Although the structure is fixed, it can be disassembled for use. Feature 1: The double meaning of meaning is a typical feature of Chinese idioms. The literal meaning of the surface layer is only its external form, and the deep meaning extended and set off from it is the real connotation of idioms. For example, wearing a top hat satirizes the ugly state of flattery; A talkative, ironic, boastful and unrealistic person. Feature 2: Simple and meaningful, such as beating gongs and drums, vividly outlining the image of putting on airs and embellishing, simple and clear, get twice the result with half the effort. Gaudy: On the surface, it looks good, but the unrealistic form goes beyond the golden jade and spoils the contents. Feature 3: Flexible structure, throwing cold water on Huang Liangmeng-Handan Dream Verb-Object Idiom is similar to a turning point in usage, with other elements inserted in the middle, and even the verb-object can be interchanged before and after, without affecting the overall meaning of the idiom. Such as "hit a nail", "hit a nail several times" and "give him a nail".

In short, idioms are mostly three syllables, with relatively integrated meanings, fewer fixed structures than words, and sometimes other elements are embedded, mostly in predicate-object structures, often with colloquial or dialect colors, and the number increases faster than idioms. Some of these dialects are too strong or vulgar to be used at will.

Second, two-part allegorical saying

Two-part allegorical saying consists of two parts, the first part is like a riddle, and the second part is like a riddle, which is the original intention. Can only say the first part. If both parts are said, there may be a pause in the middle, and writing is often indicated by dashes. It can be divided into two types: figurative harmony.

The first part of metaphor two-part allegorical sayings is metaphor, and the second part is the corresponding explanation. For example:

Native people-honest, sesame blossoms-dogs take mice-mind their own business.

(2) The second half of the homophonic allegorical saying is homophonic pun, which refers to one thing and another. For example:

Confucius moved-all the books (lost), my nephew played lanterns-pulling a cart to look after my uncle (old tiger)-who will drive (dare)

Two-part allegorical sayings are vivid, interesting and expressive. If used properly, they will get better expression effect. However, the use of two-part allegorical sayings has obvious stylistic restrictions, which should be avoided in official documents and written for serious occasions.

Third, proverbs and aphorisms

Proverbs are fixed sentences circulating among the masses, which reflect profound truth in simple and popular words. For example, the old ones don't go, the new ones don't come, Mount Tai is the top, and there are mountains outside the mountain.

Motto is a classic word with admonition and educational significance, which is generally concise. For example:

People who have no long-term worries will have immediate worries, not avoiding relatives, enemies, fame and condescension.

Proverbs and aphorisms are special members of vocabulary. They are all sentences with fixed structure, which are relatively complete and knowledgeable. The difference between the two is relative: the former is mostly created for the masses, more popular, and focuses on enlightenment; The latter is mostly from famous artists, which is more elegant. It focuses on the correct use of teaching proverbs and aphorisms, which can enhance the persuasiveness and attractiveness of the language. Some proverbs and aphorisms are not healthy enough, and some proverbs are too dialect, so don't use them casually unless there are special circumstances.

Fourth, idioms

Idiom is a fixed phrase with the color of written language. Idioms are mostly four-character, concise and rich in meaning. Idioms are fixed in structure, concise and have a long history. Most idioms have their origins and can be used flexibly, but they cannot be created at will. To use idioms well, we must understand their meanings.

Such as: Yu Gong moved mountains and threw bricks to attract jade into the room, which is unparalleled. The blind man touched the elephant and became Xiao He, and Xiao He was defeated.

The main feature of idioms is that (1) is solidified in structure. You can't change, add, subtract, change words or word order at will. Most idioms consist of four syllables. (2) It is complete in meaning. The meaning of most idioms is not the sum of simple component meanings, so it can't be understood literally.

Idioms are concise and expressive. Proper use can make the language concise and vivid, and enhance the expression effect. For example: ① this idiom is in harmony with another idiom, "I can't put it down". I can't put it down when I read it, and I can't get tired of reading it; He studied the relevant details deeply and found that the problem can be solved if new ideas are adopted.

Most idioms in modern Chinese are inherited from ancient Chinese. In order to understand and use these idioms correctly, we should pay attention to their source, structure, meaning, correct writing and pronunciation.

From the source, some idioms come from ancient or modern spoken language, such as: better late than never, make a clean break, as sure as a gun; Some sentences come from ancient works, such as: persevere (Xunzi), choose goodness (Analects of Confucius), know yourself and know yourself (grandson); Some of them come from myths, fables or historical stories, such as: Yu Gong moved mountains (Liezi), waiting for rabbits (Han Feizi), and looking at plums to quench thirst (Shi Shuo Xin Yu).

From the structural point of view, most idioms are in pairs, such as: full moon, tireless, dragon-loving, the overall situation, carving a boat to seek a sword; Very few of them are non-binary combinations, such as: one dress with water, defects do not cover up Yu.

Some people don't understand the meaning and usage of some idioms and make mistakes when using them. For example, "dissatisfaction" means "general satisfaction", but some people mistakenly think it is "dissatisfaction", which is used to state or modify people or things that have been denied; "Amazing" means praising what you see to the extreme ",but some people use it to describe people's reaction to negative things; The original metaphor of "public opinion" is that "public opinion is very powerful, and later it is described that many people are talkative and can confuse right and wrong". Now some people use its original meaning to describe certain things. Some people create and omit idioms at will, resulting in language barriers. As for the meaning of intentional use of idioms, it is a rhetorical device called the direct interpretation of idioms. The flexible use of idioms is conditional and cannot be abused.

The writing and pronunciation of idioms often involve the knowledge of ancient Chinese. For example, the word "tea" in "In Full swing" is not "tea"; "Home" in Yu Yong Hakka means "selling". Pronounced as the incarnation of g instead of Ji m:. Types of idiom misuse:

1. It is meaningful to read the text.

Many idioms come from ancient fables, myths and legends, historical classics and literary works. And their actual meaning is often inconsistent with the superficial meaning of idioms, so you can't look at the literature to find the meaning.

He recently published an old-style collection of poems with few words and almost no comments. Such a book is really tiring to read.

You can't do any work alone, you must unite and cooperate. The wall fell down and everyone pushed us. As long as Qi Xin works together and helps each other, we will certainly overcome all kinds of difficulties in our work.

Some people call people who only read without thinking "bookcases", while others call such people "bookworms", "bookworms" and "bookworms".

When this wonderful TV series was broadcast, almost everyone was empty. People were watching the screen at home, and the street seemed very quiet.

An easy-to-read idiom

Not publishing it is not enough. Not publishing it is not enough.

Once upon a time, three people became tigers, looking back on them. This is the first time that it is not allowed to punish crimes.

It's windy and rainy, and the beads are round and smooth, and the uninvited guests don't hesitate to praise them. Just talk about the crime of hanging the people. If you don't donate, you are in a dilemma. No one can be poisoned.

There is nothing to learn from the Enlightenment. Balinese in spring, snow is unreasonable. Li was the first to meet.

2. Regardless of praise or disapproval

Understand the emotional color of idioms. A considerable number of idioms have obvious emotional colors, such as catching shadows and springing up like mushrooms after rain.

In recent years, journalism has become more and more popular, and many students are eager to try and choose this major in succession, hoping to become a reporter in the future.

② In this year's "Queue Publicity Day", although there are still a few "unconscious people", the general public can consciously queue up whether traveling by car or shopping.

The gangster suddenly died at the crime scene when extorting huge sums of money from others. His life was full of evil, which was a fair death.

These young scientists are determined to overcome many difficulties and explore the mysteries of nature with all their courage.

Common derogatory terms:

It's a good idea to pursue fame and profit. You are eager to move and follow suit.

Celebrating each other with a crown, the initiator kicked down the bridge, deliberately used half a catty of the teacher's heart, and the two of them talked nonsense with ulterior motives.

The Dragon King Tree was noisy, black powder was on the scene, and the same party was fighting against different opinions.

Commonly used commendatory words

Few people are open-minded, it is like a mushroom, full of enthusiasm.

Meticulous unity, remain uncorrupted, turn the tide. From ruin, as everyone knows, has beautiful scenery.

Being upright, taking your time, doing your best, and living up to expectations have all become amazing.

Words that confuse praise and criticism are

Deliberately (derogatory), waiting for the rabbit (derogatory), eager (derogatory), bossing around (derogatory), specious (derogatory), boasting (derogatory), BLACKPINK's debut (derogatory), and regrouping (derogatory).

3. Zhang Guan Dai Li

This kind of jewelry is very novel and fashionable. Once launched, many Amy ladies snapped up generously.

Although traffic accidents are getting worse, we still can't be careless.

③20 1 The six boys in the dormitory are all eighteen or nineteen years old, in the prime of life.

Another example is:

The famous Luoyang paper has entered the room in rows. The second time, the situation was beautiful. Qi Mei is respectful to me.

Vigorous, shameless, together, meet by chance, endless ingenuity.

Wonderful hands rejuvenate, turn over a new leaf, and people are ready to rely on horses.

4. Dislocation between humility and respect

You just moved to a new house. The room is spacious and bright, but the decoration is a little monotonous. I suggest you hang an oil painting, which will definitely brighten the room.

I summed up my successful experience, and the most important thing is to be open-minded and open-minded.

Xiao Ming often asks his teacher for advice. It's shameless.

Glorious words: don't hesitate to give advice and help. Taishan Beidou is like sitting in the spring breeze, with a clear conscience.

Modest words: ungrateful, please throw a brick to attract jade, and the dog's tail will continue to work hard.

5. Serious losses

Compared with the situation described in the context, idioms are somewhat exaggerated and unbalanced.

Teacher Li has been a class teacher for 20 years. She is diligent and busy, and still insists on working overtime.

The flood washed away Li Laohan's house, and the whole village was very sad. In front of and behind the village, there is sadness everywhere.

Chess, poker, table tennis, radio, television, books, newspapers and pictorial are all available in the Workers' Club.

(4) Xia Feng, a junior, slipped while running together. He stood up and tried to catch up. With 20 meters to go, he finally became a rising star in Ran Ran and won the first place in the 3000-meter race.

6. Repetitive redundancy

(1) when absorbing foreign words, the current store names and trade names are fashionable, grandstanding and puzzling. These incomprehensible names only make people laugh.

(2) The Japanese imperialist war of aggression made our people miserable.

The embarrassment of passive beating, the feeling of exhaustion, the surprise of being caught off guard and the carnival of saving the day made Shanghai Shenhua experience the "longest day" of the first game of the Super League.

After watching the humorous sketch performance on the Spring Festival Evening, he couldn't help laughing.

Idioms that are easy to repeat and cumbersome.

Self-deprecating, the poor man is in the ascendant, and everyone knows that he is black and blue.

7. No problem

He looked around and found these strange rocks everywhere, and then he had a coup that surprised the rebels.

We should be open-minded and don't blame others for a little mistake. Similarly:

I got the message, belittled Kan Kan and talked about it. Nobody cares about this. I care. I like to laugh at it and scold it. This is a matter of life and death. I don't care about this. I don't care about this. I don't care about this. I didn't see it. Everybody, it sounds normal.

8. Out of habit

Some idioms are often used in negative sentences or interrogative sentences, but rarely or cannot be used in other sentences.

For example, "looking at his back" cannot be used in affirmative sentences.

The same thing, I've been saying the same thing.

9. Semantic contradiction

(1) Unity is strength, which is made possible by human beings. The people of China have built a new China on their own.

(2) A few years ago, we met in Tsinghua campus; Today, we met by chance in different places.

On the campus in early spring, at the bonfire party, everyone was intoxicated in this gloomy atmosphere of spring, and joy surrounded everyone.

(4) When Wang Dui and "Longgu" met for the first time, they looked at each other with new eyes and found Oracle bone inscriptions, and became the first person to research Oracle bone inscriptions in Shang Dynasty.

10. Shape similarity confusion

He is the most promising candidate in this election, but he failed because of his recent behavior.

② In almost every tourist attraction in China, there are some unlicensed vendors who "besiege" tourists. They are tired of selling goods to tourists, and they are helpless.

Idioms that are easy to form and close to mistakes are:

Live up to expectations-live up to expectations-indifferent to it-unwilling to read it-unwilling to read it in every way-over and over again, look at it with new eyes-impressed by it-tired of it-sensational-full of excitement.