"Today, Wang Renzheng makes the officials in the world want to stand in the dynasty, the cultivators want to plow in the king's field, the merchants want to hide in the king's city, and the sick people in the world want to go to the king." At the beginning of Mencius Liang Wang Hui, Mencius and Liang argued about the words "benevolence" and "benefit". Liang asked Mencius, "Hey! Will it be good for our country to come all the way? " Mencius said to him, "Wang! Why is it profitable? There is also righteousness. " The first two sentences point out the themes of the debate: "benefit" and "benevolence" The first thing Liang said when he met Mencius was to ask if Mencius could bring benefits to himself. It can be seen that Liang is a monarch who attaches great importance to "profit". Mencius, on the other hand, attached importance to "benevolence and righteousness" and thought that as a monarch, governing the country should not only think about interests, but also do benevolence and righteousness. Mencius thought: "Justice before justice, benefit before benefit, never tire of it. Those who leave their relatives are heartless, and those who have no righteousness are later ministers. " If the monarch only talks about interests when governing the country, then his ministers will "value self-interest and despise justice" like the monarch, and the monarch's country and industry will eventually be seized by unsatisfied ministers. On the contrary, if the monarch pays attention to "benevolence and righteousness" in governing the country, then his ministers will also "value righteousness over profit" like the monarch. A minister who talks about "benevolence and righteousness" will not neglect the monarch, but will wholeheartedly assist him. Therefore, if a monarch can "talk about righteousness, why talk about profit?" Then the monarch's country will naturally prosper, and the monarch will realize the "profit" he originally pursued. In this chapter, Mencius did not mention the specific measures that the monarch should take to implement "benevolent government". Here, Mencius' "benevolence" is an intangible concept, just like "honesty and trustworthiness", which refers to an excellent quality possessed by a gentleman himself. Source: China Zhongxun Daily