? Social psychological service is a brand-new profession, and its extension is wider than psychological consultation. The connotation of psychological counseling is deeper and narrower.
? Psychological counselor is a process to help people solve psychological problems. Aid is "helping others help themselves" or "helping others help themselves". Only when this person can help himself can we help him psychologically. If this person can't help himself in a strict sense, he can help him psychologically from other aspects, such as physical and material help.
? For example, if a person has a broken leg, the psychological worker's help is to let her carry out psychological construction, but if you give him a crutch, that is physical help. If a person is anemic, the simple help is direct blood transfusion, but bone marrow cells will be dependent, so they will not make blood, because they can meet the needs of the body without making blood. Psychological help is to stimulate her bone marrow cells and let them make blood by themselves. Different from education, the teacher preaches and teaches to solve doubts, and psychological counseling is not to answer his questions. We should find the hidden problems behind his problems, make him realize the existence of his own problems and solve them directly, instead of helping him. We should teach him to fish, not fish.
? Therefore, a psychological service provider should have the consciousness of solving his own problems, rather than answering the questions raised by the helpers.
? For example, how do children ask you this question? Tell him directly that it is a substitution, but inspire and guide him: how did you do it? Substitution is harmful, just as bone marrow loses its hematopoietic capacity. The weakness of human nature is to be a good teacher and be helpful. What's more, there are different degrees of "God plot", which determines that we are always used to helping others actively, without thinking about the deep-seated needs and the purpose of asking for help of the rescued.
? Help-seekers are people who realize that they have psychological problems and are willing to make changes and pay. Some people realize that they have psychological problems, but they don't want to change. The object of psychological counseling is help-seekers. Social psychological services are more extensive, not only to help those who ask for help, but also to help visitors or those who do not take the initiative to ask for help, as well as some work that the social government needs us to do.
Psychological phenomena include psychological processes: understanding feelings; Psychological state: consciousness, attention and personality psychology: personality, character
? Psychology is invisible and intangible, and what is visible and tangible is specific problems. When we receive a visitor, should we quickly identify whether he is a psychological problem or a specific problem? Specific problems include children not going to school and divorce. And whether you have interest in learning, attention, learning motivation, marital feelings, marital relationship ... are psychological problems.
Factors affecting problem solving:
1, migration: including positive migration and negative migration.
You can ride a bike, and then you can learn motorcycle quickly, because you have mastered the balance.
I can ride a bike and then learn to ride a tricycle, but I learn very slowly.
Examples: donkey carrying salt across the river, interpersonal relationship transfer, successful experience transfer.
2. Prototype inspiration
? Inspired by social life cases, we can find ways to solve problems. For example, Luban invented the saw, and Watt invented the steam engine through the phenomenon of steam jacking the lid. Study the flight of birds and invent airplanes. ...
Step 3 set the action
? Our existing knowledge and experience or the experience that just happened will make people set.
What's this pen for? What is a newspaper for?
? The function of an object is not determined by the object itself, but by the user. In your hands, it's waste, in others' hands, it's treasure.
? When I was a child, we played a brain trick: there were 10 birds in the tree. How many birds are there after hitting one? There are still 0 birds, because the first shot scared them away.
Story of the map: One morning, a poor priest, in order to distract his crying son, tore a colorful map of the world into many tiny pieces and threw it on the ground, promising, "Little John, if you can put these pieces together, I will give you 25 cents." The priest thought it would take John half a morning, but little John finished it in less than ten minutes.
Priest: "Son, how do you spell so fast?" Little John replied easily, "On the other side of the map is a picture of a person. I put this photo together and turned it over. " . I think that if this' person' is correct, then this' world' is also correct. "The priest smiled and gave his son 25 cents.
The role of stereotypes is often unconscious.
Second, rationality, psychology and rationality
1, truth and psychology
Objective law: leaves are objectively green.
Internal law: color is the reflection of light, and leaves are colorless. Truth can be known, but it is not necessarily a well-known truth, and the internal laws are beyond our words.
Scientific research on objective laws depends on observation, and what the eyes can see depends on the brain.
The subjective world is to observe yourself and close your eyes. For example, a meditator observes his nose with his eyes, his mouth with his nose and his heart with his mouth. Look inward, be aware of your internal reflection and rely on experience. Excessive reflection or lack of reflective ability will lead to psychological problems.
If you want to know the taste of pears, you need to taste them yourself and know that pears taste sweet. This is called knowledge is truth. After tasting them, I know that they are sweet, experience and psychology.
The observation of the objective world forms truth and reflects the objective reality, which is the object of study and logical.
The experience of the inner world forms a psychological reflection of the subjective world, and the subject is the object of study. In this sense, reason and psychology are relative, that is, antagonistic.
? There is a classic saying in A Woman's Fragrance: Now that I have reached the crossroads of my life, I know where to go is right, but I never leave because it is too fucking bitter. Who doesn't know to exercise more and eat less? Who doesn't know that smoking is harmful to health? Because it's too difficult.
The objective world follows the principle of decreasing and increasing: decreasing gradually and increasing more.
I have five apples, give you three, I have two left, give you two more, and I won't have any more. The less I have, the more I lose. or vice versa, Dallas to the auditorium
In the subjective world, the principle of more reduction and more increase is followed. The more you reduce, the less you increase. If we go out to give lectures, I spread my knowledge, but my knowledge is decreasing, but in the process of my lectures, I will become more and more proficient, so I will call it less and less.
You get angry after others scold you. The more you scold each other, the worse your relationship will get.
The more dedicated you are, the more dedicated your mental health index is. The process of dedication can improve the mental health level, and the mental health level of those who can contribute is relatively high.
Psychological problems can't be solved, because they always want to solve psychological problems with reason, and they always feel that people with psychological problems don't understand reason. In fact, these people with psychological problems know everything, even those who are raised by reason know too much, and even get hurt by reason.
Solving psychological problems with psychological principles
Toothache is not a disease, it is fatal. People with toothache drink cold water, but it doesn't hurt if it hurts too much. The key is to drink cold water without fear of pain. The more afraid of pain, the more painful it is. The more you avoid it, the worse your relationship will be. The more you avoidance relationship, the worse the principle, the less you increase.
? "Real warriors dare to face the bleak life", all psychological problems come from escape, and all psychological problems are solved face to face. The more you run away, the more you lose face. Difficulties are like springs. If you are weak, he is strong. "Let the storm come more violently!"
2. Reasonable
? It is reasonable to accept the uncertainty of this world. If you can accept these two directions, it is reasonable. If you toss a coin, you think it must be head-up, it must be head-up, which is unreasonable, because you have included the uncertain things in the determination.
Some are certain and some are uncertain. Like eating steamed bread or noodles at night? You can be sure about this, but whether you can meet Zhang San or Li Si when you go out is not certain.
Many things in life are unreasonable. For example, the vows of eternal love at the wedding are unreasonable. I love you. I'm in charge. Do you love me or not? It's not my call. The farmer picked up the frozen snake and the snake bit the farmer. The farmer is in great pain Why is he suffering? It doesn't come from the event that the snake bit him, but his view on this event is unreasonable. He thought I saved you, but you still bit me. It is your decision whether to save the snake or not, and it is also your decision whether the snake bites you or not. It is unreasonable that you always have the final say for others. An uncle who has raised seven children is not filial, and he is in pain. These seven children were born out of his unreasonable cognition. He's in charge, not filial piety. The root cause is his unreasonable cognition. He thinks they should, must, must be filial to me.
When ethics conflicts with law, we should conform to the law, because law is greater than ethics, and when ethics conflicts with psychology, we should conform to ethics.
The palm of your hand is truth, and the back of your hand is psychology. When you reason with a mentally unhealthy person, you must be ignorant of psychology.
3. Rational Emotional Therapy
"One is not troubled by events, but by your view of events"-Epic Dieters, ancient Greek philosopher.
A man does not apologize for stepping on your foot. You are angry.
A great event, a talent your feet.
You should apologize for stepping on someone else's foot.
Negative emotions, anger
When the client comes to consult with negative emotion C, you ask him why he is so miserable, and he will give you an A. You must firmly believe that it is not A that causes C but B.
Unreasonable cognition has three characteristics:
Absolute requirement: it refers to believing that something will happen or not based on one's own wishes. There is no need in the world, it must be, should be, and be personalized. I love you, and you must love me.
? Overgeneralization is an unreasonable way of thinking, just like judging a book by its cover. It is an individual's unreasonable evaluation of himself or others, and its typical feature is to evaluate the overall value of himself or others by one or several things.
Children's problems are all due to poor parents' education.
Terrible is an irrational belief that infers the possible consequences of things as very terrible, very bad, and even catastrophic results.
For example, if a child's grades are not good, his life will be over, and thieves will steal money with needles.
Use rational emotional therapy (RET)
Diagnostic phase: define ABC of assistant
Understanding stage:
If someone steps on your foot without apologizing, you will get angry. You won't be angry when you find out that he is blind.
Revision stage: arguing with unreasonable beliefs: midwifery
Re-education stage