Category: Society and people's livelihood
Analysis:
Fei Yi, courtesy name Wenwei, was from Jiangxia (now southwest of Luoshan, Henan). His parents died young and he was left by his clan members. He was raised and moved to Shu with his father, and became a subordinate of Liu Zhang. Later, Liu Bei initially settled in Chengdu, and Fei Yi stayed in the palace in Shu, becoming as famous as Dong Yun. When Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, Yi became the crown prince and gave up his family to become a concubine. After Liu Chan came to the throne, Yi was appointed as the Huangmen Minister. Because Prime Minister Zhuge Liang particularly appreciated him, all the court officials looked at Fei Yi in a different light. Shortly after Zhuge Liang returned from the southern expedition, he appointed Fei Yi as the captain of Zhaoxin and went on an envoy to Soochow. Zhuge Liang personally saw him off at the South Gate Bridge in Chengdu. Fei Yi said with emotion, "A journey of thousands of miles begins here." Therefore, later generations named this bridge "Wanli Bridge". In Soochow, when faced with Sun Quan's "difficulty in resigning", he responded with reason, but could not give in. Zhuge Liang was stationed in Hanzhong and asked Yi to join the army, and later he was transferred to the Central Guard Army. During the Fifth Northern Expedition, he followed Zhuge Liang in Wuzhangyuan. His descendant Wan was appointed as Shangshu Ling, granted the title of rural lord, and served as the governor of Yizhou. In the 16th year of Yanxi (AD 253), he was assassinated by Guo Xun, a descendant of Wei Dynasty, and made Yi Jinghou.
Talking about the Three Kingdoms over a Cup of Wine (Fei Yi) - On History
Fei Yi, courtesy name Wenwei, was from Jiangxia. Because his clan father was somewhat related to Liu Zhang, he followed his clan father. When he entered Yizhou to study, it happened that Liu Bei had conquered Shu, so he became an official in the Shu Han regime.
Fei Yi started his career as a prince, a commoner, and a minister of Huangmen. Later, he served as governor of Yizhou, minister, chief minister, general, and other important positions. He worked conscientiously and assisted the two generations of princes of the Liu family for decades. He has made great achievements in military affairs and state affairs, and is one of the few civil servants with posthumous titles.
"From Wan to Yi, even though they are outside, they all judge from afar first and then act" ("Book of Shu 14"). Just from this sentence, it can be seen that Fei Yi The power and majesty of that time! However, Fei Yi knew the way of being an official very well. Even though he was in such a high and powerful position, he was as humble as ever in his dealings with others. He was not as arrogant as Jiang Wan, not as arrogant as Wei Yan, and he was cautious in words and deeds, much less comparable to Yang Yi. Fei Yi made many good friends in the court, and it was natural that he was among the important ministers entrusted to him by Zhuge Liang in his precepts. "As for considering profits and losses, and giving honest advice, then you, Yi, and Yun are left to their own devices. ("Chu Shi Biao")
When future generations comment on him, they may say that he governed the country too follow-on and so on, but This seems to be his only shortcoming. At least in terms of character, he was well-respected by his empress during his lifetime. After his death, not only did his empress give him a posthumous title of "Jing", but Chen Shou also wrote a book. At that time, he also used the words "Kuanji and Huai" to make people sigh: Fei Yi, a powerful minister, was so honored!
The words "powerful minister" were not a mistake by Fei Yi. Power can be said to be unscrupulous, even betraying close friends as a stepping stone. Let me explain these slowly.
Over time, the personnel factions of the Shu Han regime changed from the group's talents. The Jingxiang group that followed Liu Bei into Sichuan was gradually attacked by the Sichuan-Shu (Yizhou) faction. Although Liu Bei intended to paralyze him, it was still to no avail. After Zhuge Liang had Liu Bei entrusted with the power, he consciously promoted and reused some people who were not from Yizhou. Excellent talents, on the one hand, attract talents from Wei and Wu to Sichuan, and on the other hand, they suppress the influence of local scholars in Yizhou in the court. Needless to say, Jiang Wan, who was born in Lingling and followed Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei to Sichuan, Fei Yi and Tianshui from Jiangxia. Jiang Wei is also an excellent example of introducing talents from outside. Whether the talents of Shu Han are used appropriately is not discussed for the time being, but Fei Yi was able to enter the upper echelons of the Shu Han court.
Fei Yi is a docile person, and he is used now. In other words, he is extremely tactful and sophisticated. Not only is he a good gentleman in the court, but he also often mediates and enlightens others. Wei Yan and Yang Yi are always at odds with each other when they meet. One of them always raises his arm to threaten. A scholar; the other one can't beat him with his mouth, but when he touches Wei Yan, tears and snot run down his face. Fei Yi naturally plays the role of persuading him. Although he treats the symptoms but not the root cause, at least he can do it when Zhuge Liang is alive. It is also a credit to let the two perform their respective duties and show their strengths. Zhuge Liang originally cherished the talents of Yang Yi and Wei Yan and could not bear to abolish any of them. Fei Yi's move really suited Prime Minister Zhuge's appetite, so he left an impression. The points went up again.
Fei Yi was also very popular outside. He went to Soochow many times and had a good relationship with Sun Quan. towards. "Even the world's Shude said this, and it is clear that the relationship is harmonious.
However, if everyone thinks that Fei Yi can only play some little tricks, that is wrong. If he can be the third prince, how can he be Don’t have two brushes?
From the first year of Yanxi to the fourteenth year of Yanxi, in just over ten years, the imperial court granted amnesty to the world five times, and Fei Yi took the greatest credit among them! Whether it is Cao Cao, Sun Quan or Zhuge Liang, they all attach great importance to the criminal law system and must brainstorm and consider before taking action to educate the people. On the contrary, the Shu Kingdom, which is relatively weak economically and militarily and has a high crime rate, frequently issues amnesty orders. , Isn’t this something unusual? Could it be that Fei Yi didn’t understand the security situation in his country?
But it was Da Si Nong Meng Guang who told the truth.
The repeated amnesties finally led Meng Guang, who was worried about national affairs, to question Fei Yi in public, "Is it because I have repeatedly used a trivial thing like 'amnesty' to show favor to those who have done evil? Is there a way to show benevolence? "Even if the country's interests can be sacrificed to win people's hearts, this good gentleman has done it thoroughly, and there are endless ways to win people's hearts. Although Fei Yi was good at political affairs, he was obsessed with power and fame. Zhuge Liang was probably trusting someone else.
Fei Yi admitted his mistake to Meng Guang very gracefully at that time. He was polite and gentlemanly, and it did not have any bad influence on himself. It's just pitiful that Meng Guang was such a straightforward person, but he never had the opportunity to be promoted in his life. Later, he was dismissed from his official position and died in depression. I am not slandering Fei Yi for being petty, but there is a fact that "people who celebrate and reward the power of punishment must judge it first". If I insist on saying that Fei Yi has no knowledge of this, I am afraid it is too much.
From ancient times to the present, there have been countless people who have used their fame and reputation to fight for power. When Wang Mang still had Li Xian, but if a person can live a noble life and benefit the people, even if he does it to earn a good reputation. , but it is also worthy of admiration and admiration. Wang Mang fell short of success and was in danger of losing his later career. As for Fei Yi, he almost did it, but he was not very honest and showed a lot of flaws. The biggest flaw is probably his ruthless treatment of his friends and colleagues.
First there was Wei Yan, Wei Wenchang, who was great at fighting but poor at recognizing people. Zhuge Liang died on the way to the Northern Expedition, and the army was about to retreat. Wei Yan made a bold statement, "How can one person's death ruin the whole world?" and planned to continue fighting against Wei. He confided in Fei Yi and discussed the Northern Expedition with him. Unexpectedly, how could Fei Yi be sincere on the surface? As soon as he turned around, he informed Yang Yi of Wei Yan's full plan. Due to Fei Yi's righteousness in killing his friends, the Shu army retreated safely. After the "rebel" Wei Yan was executed, his family was naturally killed by Yang Yi.
And what about Yang Yi? While he was having fun eradicating his political opponents, he probably never imagined that his own life would also be ruined at Fei Yi's hands.
Just because Zhuge Liang wrote a secret order before his death to select Jiang Wan to take over his important responsibilities, Yang Yi, who thought he was a veteran and had made great achievements, lost power, so he complained repeatedly, and his dissatisfaction was palpable. All the officials who were familiar with him were afraid that he would harm them and did not dare to interact with him. Only Fei Yi went to visit and comfort him.
At that time, Yang Yi was probably very moved. After lamenting the harshness of the world, she naturally had to express more complaints to Fei Yi. When she was emotional, she accidentally said this sentence, " When the prime minister died in the past, if I had raised my army to attack the Wei family, I would have behaved in such a bad way!"
Unfortunately, Fei Yi was not as loyal as Yang Yi imagined, although he knew that he was down and out! The man said something out of anger, but how could Fei Yi miss this opportunity to achieve great achievements!
"Yi Mi expresses his words", so Yang Yi was deposed as a civilian and exiled to Hanjia. ("Three Kingdoms Volume 40")
It was another successful attempt to destroy friends for justice. Yang Yi and Wei Yan, enemies who had been fighting for so many years, were both civil and military, but they fell into the hands of the same person. It can be said that Yicheng Mansion is deep. In the past, Lu Bu yelled, "This is the most unbelievable thing!" I wonder if Wei Yan and Yang Yi shouted in their hearts?
Fei Yi had good intentions and worked hard to climb up. After Jiang Wan's death, he became even more powerful and even got permission from his later master to establish his own government office. This happened in Yanxi's fifteenth year. However, even as scheming as Fei Yi was, he could not predict destiny. In the 16th year of Yanxi, Fei Yi got drunk at a banquet and was assassinated by Guo Xun, a descendant of Wei.
Fei Yi presided over the affairs of the state when the country was in crisis, and he was known for his integrity and philanthropy. Even though he had the shortcoming of admiring empty words and being unfaithful, his merits outweighed his faults.
People who are hypocritical and repetitive are killed by people who are hypocritical and repetitive. Isn’t this what Buddhism calls cause and effect?