Book of Commandments"

PS: Plus a story

When Galileo was 17 years old, he was admitted to the medical major of the University of Pisa. He likes to ask questions and won't stop until the answers come to light.

In one class, Professor Biro taught embryology. He said: "Whether a mother gives birth to a boy or a girl is determined by the strength of the father. If the father is strong, the mother will give birth to a boy; if the father is weak, the mother will give birth to a girl."

Professor Biro As soon as he finished speaking, Galileo raised his hand and said: "Teacher, I have a question."

Professor Biro said unhappily: "You asked too many questions! You are a student, and you should Listen carefully to the teacher, take more notes, and don't think randomly and ask questions frequently, which will affect the students' learning! Five daughters were born. This is exactly the opposite of what the teacher said. How to explain this?" Galileo was not intimidated by Professor Biro and continued to ask.

"I am basing this statement on the views of the famous ancient Greek scholar Aristotle, and it cannot be wrong!" Professor Biro brought out the theoretical basis in an attempt to convince him.

Galileo continued: "Does Aristotle insist that what he said is correct even if it does not conform to the facts? Science must conform to the facts, otherwise it is not real science." Biro The professor fell down when asked and could not get off the stage.

Later, Galileo was indeed criticized by the school, but his spirit of perseverance, eagerness to learn, and pursuit of truth remained unchanged at all. Because of this, he eventually became a scientific giant.

Two monks in Sichuan, one poor and one rich, both wanted to go to Mount Putuo. The story of the rich monk who spent many years preparing money, but still hasn't made it yet; and the poor monk who walked diligently on two legs with only a vase, a bowl, and two legs, made it back in one year. This is very similar to studying diligently.

Sun Quan encouraged learning

Original text

At the beginning, Quan said to Lu Meng: "Now that you are in charge of Tu, you must learn!" Multitasking. Quan said: "Why do I want you to become a doctor in the classics? Instead, you should dabble in reading and see the past. You have many things to do, so who is alone? Reading alone is of great benefit." Mengnai began to study. . When Lu (lǔ) passed by Xunyang, he discussed with Meng. He was shocked and said: "The talent you have now is not the same as returning to Wu Xia Amen!" Meng said: "I have been separated for three days, and I treat each other with admiration. What's wrong with me, brother?" It’s too late to see what happened!” Su Sui paid homage to Meng’s mother and left as friends.

Translation

At first, Sun Quan said to Lu Meng: "Now that you are in power and in charge of major military affairs, you must learn!" study). Sun Quan said: "Do I want you to study the Confucian classics and become a doctor? But you should read roughly and understand the history. You said there are many things in the army, how can it be compared with me? I read a lot. He thought it was of great benefit." So Lü Meng began to study. When Lu Su arrived in Xunyang, he discussed state affairs with Lu Meng. Lu Su was shocked and said: "Your current talents and strategies are no longer the same as Wu Xia Amen before!" Lu Meng said: "Scholars are different. After a few days, we have to look at it with new eyes. It's too late for the eldest brother to know about this!" Lu Su then visited Lu Meng's mother and became friends with Lu Meng before they parted ways.

Ping Gong of Jin was studying by candlelight

Original text

Ping Gong of Jin asked Yu Shikuang: "I am seventy years old and want to learn, but I am afraid it is already late. Shi Kuang said, "Why don't you Bingzhu?" Ping Gong said, "How dare you play with your king as a minister?" The sun rises; the strong and eager to learn is like the light of the sun; the old and eager to learn is like the brightness of a candle: which one is brighter than the ignorant? "Ping Gong said: "How good!"

Translation

Ping Gong of Jin asked Shi Kuang, "I want to study at the age of seventy, but I'm afraid it's too late!" Shi Kuang replied, "Why don't you light candles and study?" Ping Gong said, "How can I be a minister? Who makes fun of his king?" Shi Kuang replied, "How dare I make fun of my king! I have heard that when you are young, you like to study, just like the sun when it just rises; when you are in your prime, you like to study, like the sun when it first rises. It is the light at noon; in old age, people like to study, just like lighting candles for lighting. Which is better, lighting candles for lighting or walking in the dark?" Ping Gong said: "Well said!"

Send Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang

Original text

I was addicted to learning when I was young. My family was poor and I couldn't read the book, so I borrowed it from the bookstore every holiday (jiǎ) and wrote it down by hand, counting the days to return it. The weather is extremely cold, the inkstone is very hard, and the fingers cannot be bent or stretched, so there is no need to be lazy. After recording, I went to see him off, not daring to exceed the appointment. Therefore, many people spend more time reading books, and Yu Yin has to read all the books. With the crown (guān), I admire the way of the sages. Also worried about the lack of masters and famous people, he often went hundreds of miles away to consult the ancient masters from his hometown. The first Dade, Long Wangzun, had his disciples fill his room, and his words did not even drop. Yu Li waited on the left and right, leaning down to ask questions; or when he heard someone yelling at him, he would become more respectful and courteous, and would not dare to say a word; If you are happy, please come again. Therefore, although I am stupid, I have learned something.

When Yu Zhi followed his teacher, he carried his sack (qiè) and dragged (yè) his crotch (xǐ) while walking in the deep mountains and huge valleys. In the harsh winter, the wind is strong, the snow is several feet deep, and the skin of the feet is chapped and you don't know it. At the end of the body (shè), the four branches of jìng (polyphonetic character) cannot move. The 媵 (yìng) person holds the soup and fertilizes it, and covers it with quilt (qīn). After a long time, it becomes harmonious. Living in the reverse direction, the host eats again and again every day, and does not enjoy the taste of fresh fat. All the students in the same house are embroidered with Qi (qǐ), wearing a hat decorated with Zhu Ying (yīng) treasures, a white jade ring around the waist, a sword on the left, and a smelly face (xiù) on the right. Ye (yè) looks like a god. ; Yu Zeyan's (yùn) robe is in ruins (bì) and the clothes are in the middle (chǔ), and there is no hint of admiration. Those who are satisfied with it don't know that the worship of words and bodies is not as good as others. Gai Yu's diligence is as difficult as this. Nowadays, all students are studying in Taixue. The county magistrate has a little (shāo) tribute (gòng) every day, his parents have Qiu (qiú) Ge (gé) left (wèi) every year, and there is no danger of freezing and dying (něi). That’s it. Sitting under a building and reciting "Poems" and "Books" does not involve the labor of running around. There are teachers and doctors who are teachers, but they don’t ask before they ask, and they don’t get what they ask for. All the books that are suitable to have are It is not necessary to collect it here as if it were written down by someone else, so that others can see it later.

Those who are not refined in their careers and whose virtues are not perfect are not born out of inferiority, but their minds are not as sharp as my ears. Is it anyone else’s fault? Ma Shengjunze from Dongyang has been studying at Taixue for two years and is highly regarded as a virtuous person by his peers. In the capital of the Yu Dynasty, he was born as a native of the country and paid a visit to Yu. He wrote a long book called Zhi (zhì), and his words were very eloquent. He said that he devoted himself to learning when he was young and worked hard, so he can be said to be a good scholar! He will return to see his relatives, and it is difficult for him to learn the old ways. ——Selected from "The Collected Works of Scholars of the Song Dynasty" (also known as the Collection of Wen Xian)

Translation

I was very fond of reading when I was young. (Because) my family was poor, (so) I couldn't buy books to read. I often borrowed them from people who collected books, copied them myself, and calculated the dates to return them on time. The weather was very cold in winter, and the ink in the inkstone turned into hard ice. My fingers were unable to bend or straighten, and I did not dare to relax. After copying, I hurriedly ran to return the book, not daring to exceed the agreed deadline. Therefore, many people are willing to lend me books, and I can read a lot of books widely. When I reached adulthood, I admired the teachings of ancient sages even more, and I was worried that I would not have the knowledge of knowledgeable teachers to seek advice from. I once traveled hundreds of miles away and took scriptures to consult with moral and knowledgeable seniors in the village. The senior had high morals and reputation, and his room was crowded with disciples. He never used his words to be tactful and his face to be gentle. I stood and waited on him, raising questions, asking for truth, bending down and asking for advice. Sometimes when he reprimanded loudly, (my) expression became more respectful, the etiquette was more thoughtful, and I didn't dare to say a word in reply; When he was happy, he went to ask for advice again. So although I was stupid, I eventually gained knowledge. When I was studying with my teacher, I was carrying a bookcase and dragging my shoes while walking in the deep mountains and valleys. The cold wind was blowing in the cold winter, and the snow was several feet deep. I didn’t know that the skin on my feet was cracked due to the cold and dryness. When I arrived at the school building, my limbs were so frozen that I couldn't move. The servants washed my hands and feet with hot water and covered me with a quilt. It took a long time for them to warm up. Living in a hotel, the host only provides two meals a day, and there is no fresh and rich food to enjoy. The classmates in the same room were all wearing embroidered silk clothes, red hatbands and gem-decorated hats, with white jade rings hanging on their waists, a knife on the left, and a sachet on the right, shining like a god; but I wore Living in shabby clothes among them, they are not envious at all, because they have enough happiness in their hearts and do not feel that their food and clothing are not as good as others. Maybe my hard work and hard work are like this. Although I am old now and have not achieved much, I am fortunate enough to still be in the ranks of gentlemen, receiving the favor and glory of the emperor. I follow the ministers, accompany the emperor every day, listen to inquiries, and receive undue praise from all over the world. My own name, let alone someone who can surpass me? Now these students are studying in Taixue. The court provides meals every day, and their parents send winter and summer clothes every year. (This way) they don't have to worry about freezing or starving; they sit under the tall and spacious houses and read "Poetry" and "Books". 》, there is no fatigue of running around; there are businessmen and doctors as their teachers, there is no asking but not telling, no seeking for knowledge but not getting; all the necessary books are gathered here, (this) there is no need to be like me Copy it by hand, borrow it from someone else and then read it. (If) they are not proficient in their studies and lack of virtue, (then) it is either (his) intelligence is low, or his intentions are not as focused as mine. Is it someone else's fault? Ma Shengjun of Dongyang has been studying at Taixue for two years, and his peers praise him for his talents. After he resigned from office, he went to Beijing to see the emperor. He paid homage to me as a junior fellow countryman. I wrote a long letter as a greeting, and the words were very fluent and accessible. When arguing with him, his language is tactful and his expression is pleasant. He claims that he studied hard and worked hard when he was a child, and he can be called a person who loves learning. He was going home to visit his parents, so I told him about my difficulties in school.

When hundreds of rivers reach the sea from the east, when will they return to the west? If a young man does not work hard, the old man will be miserable. (Han Yuefu "Long Song Xing")

To learn a hundred things, one must first be determined. (Zhu Xi)

The edge of a sword comes from sharpening, and the fragrance of plum blossoms comes from the bitter cold.

The pen fell in the storm, and the poem became the weeping ghosts and gods. (Du Fu)

Bie Cai Pseudo Ti Qin Feng Ya, Zhuan Yiduo is your teacher.

(Du Fu)

Extensive knowledge and apprehension, thick accumulation but thin hair. (Su Shi)

Learn it eruditely, interrogate it, think carefully, discern it clearly, and practice it diligently. ("Book of Rites")

If you don't climb a high mountain, you don't know how high the sky is; if you don't go to a deep stream, you don't know how thick the earth is. ("Xunzi")

If you don't fly, you will soar into the sky; if you don't sing, you will become a blockbuster. (Sima Qian)

Don’t worry about others but you don’t know yourself, and you don’t know others when you are worried.

(Confucius)