The principle of a gyroscope is that the direction pointed by the rotation axis of a rotating object will not change when it is not affected by external forces. Based on this principle, people use it to maintain direction, and the thing they create is called a gyroscope. We actually use this principle when riding bicycles. The faster the wheel spins, the less likely it is to fall over because the axle has a force that keeps it level. When the gyroscope is working, a force must be given to it to make it rotate quickly. It can generally reach hundreds of thousands of revolutions per minute and can work for a long time. Then use various methods to read the direction indicated by the axis, and automatically transmit the data signal to the control system.

Modern gyroscope is an instrument that can accurately determine the orientation of moving objects. It is an inertial navigation instrument widely used in modern aviation, navigation, aerospace and defense industries. Its development has great influence on a The development of the country's industry, national defense and other high technologies is of very important strategic significance. Traditional inertial gyroscopes mainly refer to mechanical gyroscopes. Mechanical gyroscopes have high requirements on process structure and are complex in structure. Its accuracy is restricted in many aspects. Since the 1970s, the development of modern gyroscopes has entered a new stage. In 1976, the basic idea of ??modern fiber optic gyroscopes was proposed. After the 1980s, modern fiber optic gyroscopes have developed very rapidly. At the same time, laser resonant gyroscopes have also developed greatly. Because fiber optic gyroscopes have the advantages of compact structure, high sensitivity, reliable operation, etc., fiber optic gyroscopes have completely replaced traditional mechanical gyroscopes in many fields and become a key component in modern navigation instruments. In addition to the ring laser gyroscope, which was developed at the same time as the fiber optic gyroscope, there is also the modern integrated vibration gyroscope. The integrated vibration gyroscope has a higher degree of integration and is smaller in size. It is also an important part of the modern gyroscope. development direction.

Modern fiber optic gyroscopes include interference gyroscopes and resonant gyroscopes, both of which were developed based on Segnik's theory. The gist of Segnik's theory is this: when a light beam advances in a circular channel, if the circular channel itself has a rotational speed, then the time it takes for the light to advance along the direction of rotation of the channel is longer than that of rotating along the channel. Going in the opposite direction takes more time. That is to say, when the optical loop rotates, in different forward directions, the optical path of the optical loop will change relative to the optical path of the loop when it is stationary. Using this change in the optical path, if interference occurs between the light moving in different directions to measure the rotation speed of the loop, an interferometric fiber optic gyroscope can be produced. If this change in the optical path of the loop is used to measure the rotation speed of the loop, A resonant fiber optic gyroscope can be created by realizing the interference between the light that is continuously circulating in the loop, that is, by adjusting the resonant frequency of the light in the fiber loop and then measuring the rotation speed of the loop. It can be seen from this simple introduction that the optical path difference of the interference gyroscope is small when achieving interference, so the light source it requires can have a larger spectrum width, while when the resonant gyroscope achieves interference, its The optical path difference is large, so the light source it requires must have good monochromaticity.

The main thing used now is the laser gyroscope, so I’ll just talk about it. Modern fiber optic gyroscopes include interference gyroscopes and resonant gyroscopes, both of which were developed based on Segnick's theory. The gist of Segnik's theory is this: when a light beam advances in a circular channel, if the circular channel itself has a rotational speed, then the time it takes for the light to advance along the direction of rotation of the channel is longer than that of rotating along the channel. Going in the opposite direction takes more time. That is to say, when the optical loop rotates, in different forward directions, the optical path of the optical loop will change relative to the optical path of the loop when it is stationary. Using this change in the optical path, if interference occurs between the light moving in different directions to measure the rotation speed of the loop, an interferometric fiber optic gyroscope can be produced. If this change in the optical path of the loop is used to measure the rotation speed of the loop, A resonant fiber optic gyroscope can be created by realizing the interference between the light that is continuously circulating in the loop, that is, by adjusting the resonant frequency of the light in the fiber loop and then measuring the rotation speed of the loop. It can be seen from this simple introduction that the optical path difference of the interference gyroscope is small when achieving interference, so the light source it requires can have a larger spectrum width, while when the resonant gyroscope achieves interference, its The optical path difference is large, so the light source it requires must have good monochromaticity.