China was the first country to invent papermaking and printing, and paper appeared in the first century BC. At the beginning of the second century, Cai Lun improved the paper-making method. Since then, books have been copied and spread on paper. Around the eighth century, woodblock printing was invented, which can print hundreds of books at a time, which is a big step forward from the past handwriting era.

Temples and Buddhists are very dry, so they use the emerging folk block printing as a tool to promote Buddhism. In addition to the small Buddha statues printed, there are sometimes big Buddha statues and dharmas. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Sikong Tu wrote an article about engraving and gave it to the monk Huique of Notre Dame de Luoyang. He once said that the printed version was * * * 800 sheets, indicating that the Charity Law had been printed in the temple at that time. The Diamond Sutra, a volume carved by Wang D at his own expense in 868 AD (that is, the ninth year of Tang Xiantong) found in Dunhuang, is the earliest existing woodcut, made up of seven pieces of paper. The first picture of Sakyamuni Buddha's statement, with beautiful knife technique and solemn expression, is a work close to the maturity of printmaking. It is really sad that this world-famous engraved Buddhist scripture of the Tang Dynasty was stolen by Stein, an Englishman, more than 50 years ago.

In recent years, a Sanskrit Dalagni Jing printed by Kajia in Chengdu was unearthed from the Tang Tomb in Chengdu. A small Buddhist sutra was carved in the middle, a Sanskrit Buddhist mantra was carved outside, and a small Buddha statue was carved outside the mantra. This is the oldest extant Tang engraving in China. At that time, Chengdu was the center of southwest cultural publishing. The books printed in various periods of the Tang Dynasty were limited to popular reading materials and Buddhist classics commonly used by the general public, which laid a good technical foundation for the Shu edition of the Song Dynasty.

In 97 1 year (that is, four years after the treasure was opened in the Northern Song Dynasty), the Song Dynasty sent people to Chengdu to engrave more than 5,000 volumes of the Tripitaka, which was a huge published work, and Shu Ben was famous for it.

In 975 (the eighth year of the Northern Song Dynasty), the Dalagni Sutra (the Tibetan Sutra of Leifeng Pagoda), which was created by Qian Mu, the king of Wu Yue, is the oldest surviving version in Zhejiang, with neat fonts, similar to the fine print Buddhist Sutra later carved in Hangzhou. In recent years, the remains of Buddhist scriptures carved in the early Northern Song Dynasty found under Longquan Pagoda in Zhejiang Province have a wide font, which is similar to the official version of the Southern Song Dynasty. It can be seen that since the end of the Five Dynasties, a large number of skilled engraving workers have appeared in Hangzhou and other parts of Zhejiang. No wonder most prison books in the Northern Song Dynasty are Zhejiang books.

In the Song Dynasty, in addition to the Zhejiang edition, the simplified edition (Fujian Jianyang Engraving Edition) was also quite famous. During the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Jianyang, Fujian, Meishan, Chengdu, Sichuan, and Pingyang, Shanxi (now Linfen, Shanxi) were four major cultural areas, and a large number of books were printed and sold all over the country. The Taoist collection in Yuan Dynasty was carved in Pingyang. In other areas, some bookstores or private individuals have printed many Buddhist scriptures and other books in large and small characters, many of which are exquisite products.

Beijing is the capital of Ming and Qing dynasties, and it is also the national engraving and printing center. Private seal engravings such as Beizang, Daozang and Longzang are rare in the past, with fine paper and ink and exquisite carvings. The paper used, such as cotton paper, bamboo paper, chemical paper, wool paper and other new varieties, is also increasing.

Long before the great development of block printing; China's woodcuts have appeared. In the middle of the seventh century, Master Xuanzang of the Tang Dynasty printed Bodhisattvas on his back paper and distributed them in all directions. The paintings of the Diamond Sutra carved by Wang D at the end of the Tang Dynasty and many religious paintings found in Dunhuang gradually became proficient in art, and the paintings of the title pages of books carved in the Song and Yuan Dynasties developed from religious books to general books. There are a lot of Buddhist scriptures engraved in various bookstores in the Ming Dynasty, with few illustrations.

In A.D. 1340 (six years from Yuan Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty), Zhu Mo was overprinted with the Diamond Sutra Annotation of Unknown Monk, which is the earliest existing woodcut overprint. /kloc-At the end of 0/6th century, bookstores in Xing Wu, Hangzhou and Nanjing also used Zhu Mo and multicolor to overprint various books, which was dazzling.

Block printing is one of the unique cultural arts in China. There are many ancient Buddhist scriptures and books with cultural value in temples all over the country, which are part of China's heritage and should be properly preserved. For books and Buddhist scriptures, we must first find out when, where and who contributed to the publication and engraving; The second is to confirm the form of decoration, which is paper, Brahma and book. From these two aspects, the value of its cultural relics is investigated. With the value of cultural relics, should be preserved, to determine the height and width of each edition, the number of words per line, identify the role, the number of albums, the number of volumes, the page number, and indicate the completeness or incompleteness. Even if it is incomplete, it will not damage its cultural value. Pay attention to this.

Question 2: What do you mean by demanding? It means strict.

Question 3: What does seal cutting mean? Seal cutting is the art of combining calligraphy (mainly seal script) with seal cutting (including chiseling and casting) to make seals. It is a unique art form of Chinese characters with a history of more than 3700 years.

Question 4: What does it mean to burn the CD mnda? Simply put, the difference between the two is not too big. -What's the difference between R and +R? 1, with different specifications: DVD-R is the official standard of DVD forum organization; DVD+R is a standard set by DVD Alliance. 2. Different addressing methods: DVD-R relies on the pre-carved addressing information pit at the convex track when addressing. DVD+R addressing is realized by using the phase modulation of wobble grooves on pregroove tracks. 3, the required master disk is different, and the manufacturing process is different. In the actual selection process, customers mainly judge the compatibility of their machines according to their own brands and models! Generally speaking, Pioneer, Sony, Asus, and burners on desktops support -R better; BenQ, Samsung, Philips, notebook burning machine support +R is better. There are some exceptions. For example, Pioneer 1 12 supports that +R is superior to -R (in terms of recording quality and storage life). As long as you choose a good-quality recording disc, the recording quality and storage time can be guaranteed. You can choose authentic discs from Mitsubishi, Weibao, Ryder, BenQ and Sony.

Question 5: What does brand mean?

Question 6: What do you mean by instant? Getting started: Instant.

Pronunciation: qn g kè

Interpretation: 1 In an instant, a very short time.

1 Tang? Han Yu's poem "On the way to Jiangling, I gave gifts to Wang Twenty, Li Eleven, Li Twenty-six, and the Third Bachelor of Hanlin" reads: "China's envoy delivered the door, and he could not stay for a moment."

2 Ming? Feng Menglong's "Yu's Ming Yan" Volume 1: "At present, if you don't drink, you get up in a hurry and don't go. Going back to the next place, I was annoyed and annoyed. I can't wait to learn how to shrink the land and go home in an instant. "

3 Ming? Feng Menglong's "History of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty" goes back to the 71st time: "If you are self-motivated, you must get an order to immediately tell your confidant to report to the Prince privately and teach him:' Run for your life quickly, without delay!'" " "

4 Ming? Song Lian's "Looking at An Sok Temple": "Cloud Ying Ying climbs high, and instantly covers the valley, and the color is white. "

5 Qing? Shen Fu's Six Chapters of a Floating Life? Leisure ":"overnight, the cat slave fell from the eaves for food, and even the pot and shelf were broken in an instant. "

⑥ * * "China Revolution and China * * *" Chapter 2 Section 2: "Therefore, it is incorrect to think that the revolutionary forces in China can be formed in an instant and the revolutionary struggle in China can be won in an instant."

2. Just now, just now.

Qing Yuquan woodcutter "Shen Shan Yin Qu? Poison bait: "Late Shan Jingjie: When did the baby come back? "Health: I'll be there soon."

When a gust of wind passed, huge waves rose on the river in an instant.

Question 7: What does that moment mean? Time refers to a specific time; Specific time; Often; Every moment. Language "Song Shu? Biography of the queen? Xiaoyi Xiao Huanghou: "Every time you enter the Empress Dowager, you won't miss a moment. "

Question 8: What do the O-engraved and P-engraved Hermes belts mean? As a famous luxury brand, Hermes is the ultimate pursuit of the corresponding details. Belt perforation and engraving also have unique meanings, as shown in the following figure:

The first mark is the production year of the product, and each year is identified by a specific letter. O in this figure represents 20 1 1 year; The second lettering number is the craftsman's identity code; The third one is leather!

The logo carving at the tail of the belt is particularly clear and rich in texture.

The letters corresponding to the most recent year are:

J engraving was made in 2006.

K lettering was made in 2007.

L lettering was made in 2008.

M engraving was made in 2009.

N lettering was made on 20 10.

O lettering was made on 20 1 1.

P lettering was made on 20 12.

Q lettering 20 13.

R lettering was made on 20 14.

S lettering was made on 20 15.

You can use the alphabet as an analogy.

Question 9: What do you mean by instant? 1, "a moment" means a moment. Describe a short time, indicating that an action or a thing is completed in a short time.

2. Right away

Pronunciation qǐng kè jiān

For example, grandpa seems to be a few decades younger in an instant.

Synonym Instant, Blink, Blink, Blink, Blink, Blink, Blink, Blink.